Optimal operation of an energy hub considering the uncertainty associated with the power consumption of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles using information gap decision theory

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd An energy hub is a multi-carrier energy system that is capable of coupling various energy networks. It increases the flexibility of energy management and creates opportunities to increase the efficiency and reliability of energy systems. When plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)are incorporated into the energy hub, batteries can act as an aggregated storage system, increasing the potential integration of variable renewable energy sources (RES)into power system networks. This paper presents a new model for the optimal operation of an energy hub that includes RES, PHEVs, fuel cell vehicles, a fuel cell, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen tank, a boiler, an inverter, a rectifier, and a heat storage system. A novel model is developed to estimate the uncertainty associated with the power consumption of PHEVs during trips using information gap decision theory (IGDT)under risk-averse and risk-seeking strategies. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method maximizes the objective function under the risk-neutral and risk-averse strategies, while minimizing the objective function under the risk-seeking strategy. Results from the modeling show that considering the uncertainty associated with the power consumption of PHEVs using IGDT enables the energy hub operator to make appropriate decisions when optimizing the operation of the energy hub against possible changes in power consumption of PHEVs

Fuzzy logic classification of mature tomatoes based on physical properties fusion

Grading of fruits and vegetables is an initial step after harvesting. It is also an essential operation before packaging. In the present study, different fuzzy algorithms for classification of mature tomato were applied and evaluated based on combinations of fruit color, size and hardness. Fuzzy membership functions of hardness were established by subjecting samples to Instron compression test as well as the rates of panelists. Each sample was also used for image processing to determine the color and size of fruit using Matlab image processing toolbox. Color and size fuzzy membership functions were established by published standard. The fuzzy If-Then rules were applied to classify the samples within five group outputs viz. “grade I”, “grade II”, “grade I-far market”, “processing”, and “storage”. Eighty-one fuzzy rules were reduced to 25 rules by combining the compatible rules. Six fuzzy algorithms with different fuzzifiers (zmf, sigmf, gbellmf) and defuzzifiers (bisector, mom, and centroid) were applied, and the outputs were compared to the panelists’ classifications in cross tables. According to the classification results, fuzzy algorithms grouped the fruits into correct classes with 90.9%, 92.3%, 88.7%, 87.4%, 92.4% and 93.3% accuracy for 6 models, respectively. The best result was observed with zmf and sigmf, and gbellmf as fuzzifier and mom as defuzzifier with 93.3% accuracy. Overly, the results revealed that the fusion of aforementioned tomato properties based on fuzzy membership functions could accurately classify the tomatoes in correct groups for different markets

Isolation of a 60 kDa protein with in vitro anticancer activity against human cancer cell lines from the purple fluid of the Persian Gulf sea hare, Aplysia dactylomela

Sea hares have greatly attracted the interest of all those investigating chemical defense substances. Most of these substances are low molecular weight compounds derived from algal diets. In vitroanticancer effect of a 60 kDa protein isolated from the purple fluid of Aplysia dactylomela on four human cancer cell lines was investigated in this study. A 60 kDa protein was purified from secreted purple fluid of A. dactylomela, a sea hare from Persian Gulf. The protein purification procedure consisted basically of ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography using DEAE– Sepharose and ultra-filtration method. In vitro antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity of the protein ofinterest were evaluated on L929, K562, HL60 and NB4 human cancer cell lines. The antiproliferative and cytotxic effects of 60 kDa protein on human cancer cell lines were measured by MTT assay. Resultsshowed that the 60 kDa protein of the purple fluid of A. dactylomela exhibited the antiproliferative effect on human cancer cell lines, especially on NB4 cell line. It was maximally active at 0.5 – 1.5 ìg/ml on NB4 cell line. Interestingly, the protein did not show significant cytotoxic effects

Design and analysis of porous functionally graded femoral prostheses with improved stress shielding

One of the most important problems of total hip replacement is aseptic loosening of the femoral component, which is related to the changes of the stress distribution pattern after implantation of the prosthesis. Stress shielding of the femur is recognized as a primary factor in aseptic loosening of hip replacements. Utilizing different materials is one of the ordinary solutions for that problem, but using functionally graded materials (FGMs) could be better than the conventional solutions. This research work aims at investigating different porous FGM implants and a real femoral bone by a 3D finite element method. The results show that a neutral functionally graded prosthesis cannot extraordinarily make changes in the stress pattern of bone and prosthesis, but an increasing functionally graded prosthesis leads a lower level of stress in the prosthesis, and a decreasing functionally graded prosthesis can properly reduce the stress shielding among these three architectures. Due to the absence of similar results in the specialized literature, this paper is likely to fill a gap in the state-of-the-art bio-implants, and provide pertinent results that are instrumental in the design of porous femoral prostheses under normal walking loading conditions

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Enzyme-Linked Immunospot for Diagnosis of Smear-Negative Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Patients

Peripheral blood interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) have sub-optimal sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). However, assessment of local immune responses has been reported to improve the accuracy of TB diagnosis.We enrolled HIV-infected adults with cough ≥2 weeks' duration admitted to Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda and referred for bronchoscopy following two negative sputum acid-fast bacillus smears. We performed an ELISPOT-based IGRA (T-SPOT.TB®, Oxford Immunotec, Oxford, UK) using peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid mononuclear cells, and determined the accuracy of IGRAs using mycobacterial culture results as a reference standard.94 HIV-infected patients with paired peripheral blood and BAL IGRA results were included. The study population was young (median age 34 years [IQR 28-40 years]) and had advanced HIV/AIDS (median CD4+ T-lymphocyte count 60 cells/µl [IQR 22-200 cells/µl]). The proportion of indeterminate IGRA results was higher in BAL fluid than in peripheral blood specimens (34% vs. 14%, difference 20%, 95% CI 7-33%, p = 0.002). BAL IGRA had moderate sensitivity (73%, 95% CI 50-89%) but poor specificity (48%, 95% CI 32-64%) for TB diagnosis. Sensitivity was similar (75%, 95% CI 57-89%) and specificity was higher (78%, 95% CI 63-88%) when IGRA was performed on peripheral blood.BAL IGRA performed poorly for the diagnosis of smear-negative TB in a high HIV/TB burden setting. Further studies are needed to examine reasons for the large proportion of indeterminate results and low specificity of BAL IGRA for active TB in high HIV/TB burden settings

Extensive dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum densities, stages and genotyping profiles

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Individuals living in areas of high malaria transmission often have different <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>clones detected in the peripheral blood over time. The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of asymptomatic <it>P. falciparum </it>infections in a few hours intervals.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Capillary blood samples were collected 6-hourly during five days from asymptomatic children in a highly endemic area in Tanzania. Parasite densities and maturation stages were investigated by light microscopy. Types and number of clones were analysed by PCR based genotyping of the polymorphic merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2 genes. Results: Parasite densities and maturation stages fluctuated 48-hourly with a gradual shift into more mature forms. Various genotyping patterns were observed in repeated samples over five days with only few samples with identical profiles. Up to six alleles differed in samples collected six hours apart in the same individual.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This detailed assessment highlights the extensive within-host dynamics of <it>P. falciparum </it>populations and the limitations of single blood samples to determine parasite densities, stages and genotyping profiles in a malaria infected individual.</p

Anti-Depressant Properties of Crocin Molecules in Saffron

This is the final version. Available on open access from MDPI via the DOI in this recordSaffron is a valued herb, obtained from the stigmas of the C. sativus Linn (Iridaceae), with therapeutic effects. It has been described in pharmacopoeias to be variously acting, including as an anti-depressant, anti-carcinogen, and stimulant agent. The therapeutic effects of saffron are harbored in its bioactive molecules, notably crocins, the subject of this paper. Crocins have been demonstrated to act as a monoamine oxidase type A and B inhibitor. Furthermore, saffron petal extracts have experimentally been shown to impact contractile response in electrical field stimulation. Other research suggests that saffron also inhibits the reuptake of monoamines, exhibits N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonism, and improves brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling. A host of experimental studies found saffron/crocin to be similarly effective as fluoxetine and imipramine in the treatment of depression disorders. Saffron and crocins propose a natural solution to combat depressive disorders. However, some hurdles, such as stability and delivery, need to be overcome.USDA/NIFA1890 Capacity Building ProgramAgricultural Research Station, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityNational Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA

The role of the helper lipid on the DNA transfection efficiency of lipopolyplex formulations.

Multifunctional, lipopolyplex formulations comprising a mixture of cationic liposomes and cationic, receptor-targeting peptides have potential use in gene therapy applications. Lipopolyplex formulations described here are typically far more efficient transfection agents than binary lipoplex or polyplex formulations. It has been shown previously that the peptide component mediates both DNA packaging and targeting of the nanoparticle while in this report we investigate the contribution of the lipid component. We hypothesised that the lipid components synergise with the peptides in the transfection process by promoting endosomal escape after lipid bilayer fusion. Lipopolyplexes were prepared with cationic liposomes comprising DOTAP with either neutral lipid DOPE or DOPC. DOPE promotes fusogenic, inverted hexagonal lipid structures while DOPC promotes more stable laminar structures. Lipopolyplexes containing DOPE showed substantially higher transfection efficiency than those formulated with DOPC, both in vitro and in vivo. DOPE-containing lipopolyplexes showed rapid endosomal trafficking and nuclear accumulation of DNA while DOPC-containing formulations remained within the late endo-lysosomal compartments. These findings are consistent with previous finding for the role of DOPE in lipoplexes and support the hypothesis regarding the function of the lipid components in lipopolyplexes. These findings will help to inform future lipopolyplex design, strategies and clinical development processes