354 research outputs found
Comparing the carbon costs and benefits of low-resource solar nowcasting
Solar PV yield nowcasting is used to help anticipate peaks and troughs in
demand to support grid integration. This paper compares multiple low-resource
approaches to nowcasting solar PV yield, using a dataset of UK satellite
imagery and solar PV energy readings over a 1 to 4-hour time range. The paper
also estimates the carbon emissions generated and averted by deploying models,
and finds that even small models that could be deployable in low-resource
settings may have a benefit several orders of magnitude greater than its carbon
cost. The paper also examines prediction errors and the activations in a CNN
Metagenomic analysis of historical herbarium specimens reveals a postmortem microbial community
Advances in DNA extraction and next-generation sequencing have made a vast number of historical herbarium specimens available for genomic investigation. These specimens contain not only genomic information from the individual plants themselves, but also from associated microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. These microorganisms may have colonized the living plant (e.g., pathogens or host-associated commensal taxa) or may result from postmortem colonization that may include decomposition processes or contamination during sample handling. Here we characterize the metagenomic profile from shotgun sequencing data from herbarium specimens of two widespread plant species (Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Arabidopsis thaliana) collected up to 180 years ago. We used blast searching in combination with megan and were able to infer the metagenomic community even from the oldest herbarium sample. Through comparison with contemporary plant collections, we identify three microbial species that are nearly exclusive to herbarium specimens, including the fungus Alternaria alternata, which can comprise up to 7% of the total sequencing reads. This species probably colonizes the herbarium specimens during preparation for mounting or during storage. By removing the probable contaminating taxa, we observe a temporal shift in the metagenomic composition of the invasive weed Am. artemisiifolia. Our findings demonstrate that it is generally possible to use herbarium specimens for metagenomic analyses, but that the results should be treated with caution, as some of the identified species may be herbarium contaminants rather than representing the natural metagenomic community of the host plant
Ancient reindeer mitogenomes reveal island-hopping colonisation of the Arctic archipelagos
Climate warming at the end of the last glacial period had profound effects on the distribution of cold-adapted species. As their range shifted towards northern latitudes, they were able to colonise previously glaciated areas, including remote Arctic islands. However, there is still uncertainty about the routes and timing of colonisation. At the end of the last ice age, reindeer/caribou (Rangifer tarandus) expanded to the Holarctic region and colonised the archipelagos of Svalbard and Franz Josef Land. Earlier studies have proposed two possible colonisation routes, either from the Eurasian mainland or from Canada via Greenland. Here, we used 174 ancient, historical and modern mitogenomes to reconstruct the phylogeny of reindeer across its whole range and to infer the colonisation route of the Arctic islands. Our data shows a close affinity among Svalbard, Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya reindeer. We also found tentative evidence for positive selection in the mitochondrial gene ND4, which is possibly associated with increased heat production. Our results thus support a colonisation of the Eurasian Arctic archipelagos from the Eurasian mainland and provide some insights into the evolutionary history and adaptation of the species to its High Arctic habitat
Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in -tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV
Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton
collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against
a boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and
transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 GeV and in the pseudorapidity range . The
data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy
of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb. Triple
differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum
fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also
measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent
fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the
measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into
the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any
supplementary material and additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb
public pages
Study of the decay
The decay is studied
in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of TeV
using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5
collected by the LHCb experiment. In the system, the
state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is
resolved into two narrower states, and ,
whose masses and widths are measured to be where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second
systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a
prompt sample. Evidence of a new
state is found with a local significance of , whose mass and width
are measured to be and , respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode
is found with a significance of
. The relative branching fraction of with respect to the
decay is measured to be , where the first
uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from
the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb
public pages
Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions and
The ratios of branching fractions
and are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a
sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb of
integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The
tau lepton is identified in the decay mode
. The measured values are
and
, where the first uncertainty is
statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these
measurements is . Results are consistent with the current average
of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the
predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb
public pages
Using Deep Learning for FACT Source Detection
Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: (2019). 80 p.Cosmic rays bombard the Earth constantly, causing air showers that contain information about the original particle and potentially about that particle's source. Determining if an air shower is from a gamma-ray or a hadron is a difficult problem to solve. Current methods primarily use a machine learning technique called random forests to determine whether a given event is from a gamma-ray or hadron, as well as the initial energy and source position in the sky by using the image an air shower makes in a detector. Another type of machine learning algorithm called neural networks has been shown to work very well on tasks involving images, in some
cases outperforming random forests. This project aims to improve three tasks: determining the particle's type, energy, and source location using data from the First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope (FACT)
Do You Know Where Your Research is Being Used? An Exploration of Scientific Literature Using Natural Language Processing
12 pagesIn a complex and dynamic field, such as computer science, it is of interest to understand what software resources are available and the usage and purpose of these resources. We demonstrate the feasibility of automatically identifying resource names from scientific literature in arXivâs database and show that the generated data can be used for exploration of software and topics. While scholarly literature surveys can provide some insights on what is being used by researchers, large-scale computer-based approaches to identify methods and technology from primary literature is needed to enable systematic cataloguing. Further, these approaches will facilitate the monitoring of usage in a more effective method. We developed a software tool using Natural Language Processing to determine if articles relate to the technology and methods of question. We then evaluated a trend of technology and methods used in each specific area of science. As we continue to expand this software, we will also analyze the researchersâ sentiment about the technology and methods to quantify funded research
RISE Germany Internship: Unfolding FACT Data
In this report the results from a 10 week internship are presented. The goal of the internship was to apply different unfolding approaches to conduct measurements of energy spectra from data aquired by FACT, the First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope. FACT is the first operational telescope of its kind, employing a camera equipped with silicon photo multipliers (G-APD aka SiPM) to primarily detect gamma rays. Improving the unfolding method can help with better interpretation of the data and more accurate physics results without the need for new equipment or more observations. The approaches tested during this internship range from simplistic matrix inversion to an improvement over of the previous standard (TRUEE)
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