2,579 research outputs found
Heterogeneity of CYP3A isoforms metabolizing erythromycin and cortisol
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109905/1/cptclpt19923.pd
Organizational factors and depression management in community-based primary care settings
Abstract Background Evidence-based quality improvement models for depression have not been fully implemented in routine primary care settings. To date, few studies have examined the organizational factors associated with depression management in real-world primary care practice. To successfully implement quality improvement models for depression, there must be a better understanding of the relevant organizational structure and processes of the primary care setting. The objective of this study is to describe these organizational features of routine primary care practice, and the organization of depression care, using survey questions derived from an evidence-based framework. Methods We used this framework to implement a survey of 27 practices comprised of 49 unique offices within a large primary care practice network in western Pennsylvania. Survey questions addressed practice structure (e.g., human resources, leadership, information technology (IT) infrastructure, and external incentives) and process features (e.g., staff performance, degree of integrated depression care, and IT performance). Results The results of our survey demonstrated substantial variation across the practice network of organizational factors pertinent to implementation of evidence-based depression management. Notably, quality improvement capability and IT infrastructure were widespread, but specific application to depression care differed between practices, as did coordination and communication tasks surrounding depression treatment. Conclusions The primary care practices in the network that we surveyed are at differing stages in their organization and implementation of evidence-based depression management. Practical surveys such as this may serve to better direct implementation of these quality improvement strategies for depression by improving understanding of the organizational barriers and facilitators that exist within both practices and practice networks. In addition, survey information can inform efforts of individual primary care practices in customizing intervention strategies to improve depression management.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78269/1/1748-5908-4-84.xmlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78269/2/1748-5908-4-84-S1.PDFhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78269/3/1748-5908-4-84.pdfPeer Reviewe
Patterns and Collective Behavior in Granular Media: Theoretical Concepts
Granular materials are ubiquitous in our daily lives. While they have been a
subject of intensive engineering research for centuries, in the last decade
granular matter attracted significant attention of physicists. Yet despite a
major efforts by many groups, the theoretical description of granular systems
remains largely a plethora of different, often contradicting concepts and
approaches. Authors give an overview of various theoretical models emerged in
the physics of granular matter, with the focus on the onset of collective
behavior and pattern formation. Their aim is two-fold: to identify general
principles common for granular systems and other complex non-equilibrium
systems, and to elucidate important distinctions between collective behavior in
granular and continuum pattern-forming systems.Comment: Submitted to Reviews of Modern Physics. Full text with figures (2Mb
pdf) avaliable at
http://mti.msd.anl.gov/AransonTsimringReview/aranson_tsimring.pdf Community
responce is appreciated. Comments/suggestions send to [email protected]
On Extending the Mass-Metallicity Relation of Galaxies by 2.5 Decades in Stellar Mass
We report 4.5 micron luminosities for 27 nearby (D < 5 Mpc) dwarf irregular
galaxies measured with the Spitzer Infrared Array Camera. We have constructed
the 4.5 micron luminosity-metallicity (L-Z) relation for 25 dwarf galaxies with
secure distance and interstellar medium oxygen abundance measurements. The 4.5
micron L-Z relation is 12+log(O/H) = (5.78 +/- 0.21) + (-0.122 +/- 0.012)
M_[4.5], where M_[4.5] is the absolute magnitude at 4.5 micron. The dispersion
in the near-infrared L-Z relation is smaller than the corresponding dispersion
in the optical L-Z relation. The subsequently derived stellar mass-metallicity
M-Z relation is 12+log(O/H) = (5.65 +/- 0.23) + (0.298 +/- 0.030) log Mstar.
and extends the SDSS M-Z relation to lower mass by about 2.5 dex. We find that
the dispersion in the M-Z relation is similar over five orders of magnitude in
stellar mass, and that the relationship between stellar mass and interstellar
medium metallicity is similarly tight from high-mass to low-mass systems. We
find a larger scatter at low mass in the relation between effective yield and
total baryonic mass. In fact, there are a few dwarf galaxies with large yields,
which is difficult to explain if galactic winds are ubiquitous in dwarf
galaxies. The low scatter in the L-Z and M-Z relationships are difficult to
understand if galactic superwinds or blowout are responsible for the low
metallicities at low mass or luminosity. Naively, one would expect an ever
increasing scatter at lower masses, which is not observed.Comment: Accepted, Ap.J.; 18 pages (AASTeX 5.2; emulateapj.cls) with 12
figures. Full paper with figures at http://www.astro.umn.edu/~hlee/papers
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Multi-ancestry study of blood lipid levels identifies four loci interacting with physical activity.
Many genetic loci affect circulating lipid levels, but it remains unknown whether lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, modify these genetic effects. To identify lipid loci interacting with physical activity, we performed genome-wide analyses of circulating HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in up to 120,979 individuals of European, African, Asian, Hispanic, and Brazilian ancestry, with follow-up of suggestive associations in an additional 131,012 individuals. We find four loci, in/near CLASP1, LHX1, SNTA1, and CNTNAP2, that are associated with circulating lipid levels through interaction with physical activity; higher levels of physical activity enhance the HDL cholesterol-increasing effects of the CLASP1, LHX1, and SNTA1 loci and attenuate the LDL cholesterol-increasing effect of the CNTNAP2 locus. The CLASP1, LHX1, and SNTA1 regions harbor genes linked to muscle function and lipid metabolism. Our results elucidate the role of physical activity interactions in the genetic contribution to blood lipid levels
Proanthocyanidin to prevent formation of the reexpansion pulmonary edema
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We aimed to investigate the preventive effect of Proanthocyanidine (PC) in the prevention of RPE formation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Subjects were divided into four groups each containing 10 rats. In the Control Group (CG): RPE wasn't performed. Then subjects were followed up for three days and they were sacrificed after the follow up period. Samplings were made from tissues for measurement of biochemical and histopathologic parameters. In the Second Group (PCG): The same protocol as CG was applied, except the administration of PC to the subjects. In the third RPE Group (RPEG): Again the same protocol as CG was applied, but as a difference, RPE was performed. In the Treatment Group (TG): The same protocol as RPEG was applied except the administration of PC to the subjects.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In RPEG group, the most important histopathological finding was severe pulmonary edema with alveolar damage and acute inflammatory cells. These findings were less in the TG group. RPE caused increased MDA levels, and decreased GPx, SOD and CAT activity significantly in lung tissue.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>PC decreased MDA levels. Oxidative stress plays an important role in pathophysiology of RPE and PC treatment was shown to be useful to prevent formation of RPE.</p
Gamma-ray flaring activity from the gravitationally lensed blazar PKS 1830-211 observed by Fermi LAT
The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
routinely detects the highly dust-absorbed, reddened, and MeV-peaked flat
spectrum radio quasar PKS 1830-211 (z=2.507). Its apparent isotropic gamma-ray
luminosity (E>100 MeV) averaged over 3 years of observations and peaking
on 2010 October 14/15 at 2.9 X 10^{50} erg s^{-1}, makes it among the brightest
high-redshift Fermi blazars. No published model with a single lens can account
for all of the observed characteristics of this complex system. Based on radio
observations, one expects time delayed variability to follow about 25 days
after a primary flare, with flux about a factor 1.5 less. Two large gamma-ray
flares of PKS 1830-211 have been detected by the LAT in the considered period
and no substantial evidence for such a delayed activity was found. This allows
us to place a lower limit of about 6 on the gamma rays flux ratio between the
two lensed images. Swift XRT observations from a dedicated Target of
Opportunity program indicate a hard spectrum and with no significant
correlation of X-ray flux with the gamma-ray variability. The spectral energy
distribution can be modeled with inverse Compton scattering of thermal photons
from the dusty torus. The implications of the LAT data in terms of variability,
the lack of evident delayed flare events, and different radio and gamma-ray
flux ratios are discussed. Microlensing effects, absorption, size and location
of the emitting regions, the complex mass distribution of the system, an
energy-dependent inner structure of the source, and flux suppression by the
lens galaxy for one image path may be considered as hypotheses for
understanding our results.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Accepted by the The Astrophysical
Journal. Corresponding authors: S. Ciprini (ASI ASDC & INAF OAR, Rome,
Italy), S. Buson (INAF Padova & Univ. of Padova, Padova, Italy), J. Finke
(NRL, Washington, DC, USA), F. D'Ammando (INAF IRA, Bologna, Italy
Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of PSR J1836+5925
The discovery of the gamma-ray pulsar PSR J1836+5925, powering the formerly
unidentified EGRET source 3EG J1835+5918, was one of the early accomplishments
of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). Sitting 25 degrees off the Galactic
plane, PSR J1836+5925 is a 173 ms pulsar with a characteristic age of 1.8
million years, a spindown luminosity of 1.1 erg s, and a
large off-peak emission component, making it quite unusual among the known
gamma-ray pulsar population. We present an analysis of one year of LAT data,
including an updated timing solution, detailed spectral results and a long-term
light curve showing no indication of variability. No evidence for a surrounding
pulsar wind nebula is seen and the spectral characteristics of the off-peak
emission indicate it is likely magnetospheric. Analysis of recent XMM
observations of the X-ray counterpart yields a detailed characterization of its
spectrum, which, like Geminga, is consistent with that of a neutron star
showing evidence for both magnetospheric and thermal emission.Comment: Accepted to Astrophysical Journa
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