339 research outputs found
Police-citizen relations in SĂŁo Paulo: fear and legitimacy
In SĂŁo Paulo, Brazil, many people fear crime. Some also fear the police, but can also tolerate extreme police violence. One of the keys to legitimate police power is procedural justice because it enhances legitimacy, normatively appropriate police behaviour and encourages people to self-regulate, as Jonathan Jackson (LSE & University of Sydney Law School), Thiago Oliveira (Oxford University) and Ben Bradford (UCL) found
Are trustworthiness and legitimacy âhard to win, easy to loseâ? A longitudinal test of the asymmetry thesis of police-citizen contact
Objectives Test the asymmetry thesis of police-citizen contact that police trustworthiness and legitimacy are affected more by negative than by positive experiences of interactions with legal agents by analyzing changes in attitudes towards the police after an encounter with the police. Test whether prior attitudes moderate the impact of contact on changes in attitudes towards the police. Methods A two-wave panel survey of a nationally representative sample of Australian adults measured peopleâs beliefs about police trustworthiness (procedural fairness and effectiveness), their duty to obey the police, their contact with the police between the two waves, and their evaluation of those encounters in terms of process and outcome. Analysis is carried out using autoregressive structural equation modeling and latent moderated structural models. Results The association between both process and outcome evaluation of police-citizen encounters and changes in attitudes towards the police is asymmetrical for trust in police effectiveness, symmetrical for trust in procedural fairness, and asymmetrical (in the opposite direction expected) for duty to obey the police. Little evidence of heterogeneity in the association between encounters and trust in procedural fairness and duty to obey, but prior levels of perceived effectiveness moderate the association between outcome evaluation and changes in trust in police effectiveness. Conclusions The association between police-citizen encounters and attitudes towards the police may not be as asymmetrical as previously thought, particularly for changes in trust in procedural fairness and legitimacy. Policy implications include considering public-police interactions as âteachable momentsâ and potential sources for enhancing police trustworthiness and legitimacy
RelaçÔes entre a polĂcia e a população em SĂŁo Paulo: medo e legitimidade
Em SĂŁo Paulo, muitos temem ser vĂtimas de crimes. Alguns tambĂ©m temem a polĂcia, mas podem aceitar violĂȘncia extrema pelos policiais. Uma das soluçÔes para legitimar o poder da polĂcia Ă© a justiça processual, que aumenta a legitimidade, reforça o comportamento normativo dos policiais e incentiva a autorregulação, concluĂram Jonathan Jackson (LSE & University of Sydney Law School), Thiago Oliveira (Oxford University) and Ben Bradford (UCL)
Seasonal variation in haematological parameters in crossbred horses used for urban traction from Lages, SC, Brazil
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of seasons on the hematological profile in horses used for urban traction in the city of Lages, Brazil. Blood samples were collected of the twenty crossbreed horses used for urban traction in the city of Lages, Brazil, carried out in four different periods according to the seasons, for carrying out the hematological profile, plasma total protein (PTP) and plasma fibrinogen. PTP was determined by refractometry method and the determination of plasma fibrinogen by heat precipitation method. Climate variations, such as maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall index for each period were obtained through access to the Center of Environmental Resources Information and Hydrometeorology of Santa Catarina. All values found were within the reference values commonly used for equine specie. There was no significant difference throughout the seasons on the values of erythrogram, leukogram, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and PTP. The MCH and plasma fibrinogen were higher in summer and eosinophils had significantly higher values in winter followed by summer. The region of Lages presents marked seasonal fluctuations, and these have little influence on hematological characteristics in horses used for urban traction
Biotecnologia Associada ao Monitoramento e Tratamento da Diabetes
Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma revisĂŁo bibliogrĂĄfica para identificar e analisar a evolução das tecnologias associadas ao monitoramento e tratamento da diabetes. AlĂ©m de um breve histĂłrico da diabetes, foi exposto para o leitor, dados de como a doença foi propagada mundialmente e suas inclinaçÔes futuras. Quanto aos mĂ©todos de monitoramento, os apresentamos e falamos sobre as suas caracterĂsticas e vantagens. O presente estudo faz uma comparação entre estes mĂ©todos e expomos a evolução tecnolĂłgica do monitoramento, tratamento da diabetes e como isso influenciou a melhoria de qualidade de vida dos seus usuĂĄrios
ResĂduo alcalino da indĂșstria de celulose na correção da acidez de um Cambissolo HĂșmico alumĂnico
Cellulose industry generates alkaline residues which must be characterized in order to evaluate the technical viability of their use in agricultural soils as an alternative of soil acidity correction. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of the application of alkaline residue on some chemical and physical properties of a Humic Cambisol and on the initial growth phase of a wheat crop. The treatments consisted in doses of lime corresponding to 0.5 and 1 SMP and doses of residue corresponding to 0.25, 0.5 and 1 SMP in order to increase pH up to 6.0. The wheat was sown in 4 L pots filled with soil. The pots were arranged in a greenhouse according to a completely randomized experimental design with four replicates. The addition of Res increased soil pH, the sodium content and soil sodium saturation and reduced the clay flocculation. However, the stability of soil aggregates was not affected. Both correctives increased the soilâs basic cations, although the residue increased the Ca/Mg ratio. This alkaline residue is an alternative to correct acid soils and improve the chemical conditions of soils to grow wheat.A indĂșstria de celulose gera resĂduos alcalinos que devem ser caracterizados para avaliar sua viabilidade tĂ©cnica para uso em solos agrĂcolas, como alternativa aos corretivos da acidez. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de resĂduo alcalino em alguns atributos quĂmicos e fĂsicos de um Cambissolo HĂșmico alumĂnico e no desenvolvimento inicial das plantas de trigo. Os tratamentos foram doses de calcĂĄrio (Cal) correspondentes a 0,5 e 1 SMP e de resĂduo alcalino (Res) correspondentes a 0,25, 0,5 e 1 SMP para elevar o pH do solo a 6,0, num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetiçÔes. O solo foi acondicionado em vasos com volume de 4 L e cultivado com trigo, em casa de vegetação. O uso do resĂduo alcalino aumenta o pH, os teores e a saturação por sĂłdio e reduz o grau de floculação da argila, porĂ©m nĂŁo afeta a estabilidade dos agregados do solo. Os dois corretivos adicionam cĂĄtions bĂĄsicos ao solo, porĂ©m o resĂduo aumenta a relação Ca/Mg. O resĂduo Ă© uma alternativa para neutralizar a acidez de solos e melhorar as condiçÔes quĂmicas do solo para o crescimento da cultura do trigo
TĂ©cnicas do Rastramento Ocular no DiagnĂłstico do Transtorno Depressivo: uma revisĂŁo sistemĂĄtica
This systematic review aimed to verify the empirical evidence of the application of the eye tracking technique in depressive disorder. The PubMed, PsyInfo and Web of Science databases were used, using the following descriptors: ((Depression OR "Affective Disorders") AND ("Eye Tracking" OR Eye-Tracking OR "Eye Movements" OR "Eye Tracker" OR "Eye Gaze")). According to the eligibility criteria, sixteen relevant studies were identified and its methods, results and their main limitations were verified. The results suggest an increase in latency and reaction time to detect complex stimuli, e.g. the recognition of emotional facial expressions. In addition, greater numbers of fixations in stimuli of negative emotional content were observed. The findings demonstrate that changes in eye movement measurements in depressive disorder are associated with an attentional bias mechanism. It is concluded that Eye Tracking is a useful tool for psychophysiological assessment of depressive disorder.Esta revisĂŁo sistemĂĄtica teve como objetivo verificar as evidĂȘncias empĂricas da aplicação da tĂ©cnica de rastreamento ocular no transtorno depressivo. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados PubMed, PsyInfo e Web of Science, utilizando os seguintes descritores: ((Depression OR "Affective Disorders") AND ("Eye Tracking" OR Eye-Tracking OR "Eye Movements" OR "Eye Tracker" OR "Eye Gaze")). De acordo com os critĂ©rios de elegibilidade, foram identificados cinco estudos relevantes e verificados seus mĂ©todos, resultados e suas principais limitaçÔes. Os resultados sugerem um aumento na latĂȘncia e no tempo de reação para detectar estĂmulos complexos, por ex. o reconhecimento de expressĂ”es faciais emocionais. AlĂ©m disso, observou-se um maior nĂșmero de fixaçÔes em estĂmulos de conteĂșdo emocional negativo. Os resultados demonstram que as alteraçÔes nas medidas dos movimentos oculares no transtorno depressivo estĂŁo associadas a um mecanismo de viĂ©s de atenção. Conclui-se que o rastreamento ocular Ă© uma ferramenta Ăștil para avaliação psicofisiolĂłgica do transtorno depressivo
Plant development, gas exchanges and pigments of Mesosphaerum suaveolens submitted to osmoconditioning and saline stress
Salinity is one of the main plant abiotic stresses affecting the establishment and development of crops. It is thus a matter of prime importance to search for technologies that minimize the damage caused by salinity. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of salinity stress and osmotic conditioning of seeds on the biomass, gas exchanges and chlorophyll pigments in Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze. The statistical design adopted was a randomized block design, combined according to the central composite design, referring to electrical conductivities of irrigation water and osmotic potentials, with minimum (- α) and maximum (α) values of 0.5 and 10.0 dS m-1 and 0.0 and -1.0 MPa, respectively, totaling nine combinations. The characteristics of dry biomass, gas exchange and chlorophyll indices were evaluated at 45 days after the beginning of irrigation with saline water. The salinity of irrigation water severely affected the dry biomass and the gas exchanges of M. suaveolens. Irrigation water of electrical conductivity above 3.2 dS m-1 caused reductions in chlorophyll a, b and total contents in M. suaveolens plants. Seed osmoconditioning did not attenuate the negative effects of saline stress on M. suaveolens plants
Hemogram, Fibrinogen Concentration and Plasma Total Protein from Calves of Criollo Lageano Breed Variety Hornless and Aberdeen Angus Breed (Red Angus) on the First Six Months of Life
Background: Neonatal period in bovine presents important variations in hematologic and immunologic parameters, and the resulting mortality rates may be due to increased susceptibility to disease. Race, age, environmental, climate and management factors are sources of CBCâs parameters variation in cattle. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the CBC variables and concentrations of total protein (PTP) and plasma fibrinogen calves of Criolo Lageano Breed variety hornless and Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus) in the first six months of life, which are produced under extensive management at the Planalto Serrano Catarinense (southern Brazil).Materials, Methods & Results: Two groups were selected, comprising 11 calves of Hornless Criolo Lageano and 14 calves of the Aberdeen Angus breed (Red Angus). Blood samples were collected for complete blood count and determination of total protein concentrations, and plasma fibrinogen in the periods between 24 h and 36, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of life. The statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA) and Tukeyâs test (P < 0.05). During the experimental period infestations by ticks in both races were observed. In the first month of life, blood smears revealed the presence of blood parasites of the genus Babesia spp. and Anaplasma sp. The fluctuations seen for erythrocyte in the neonatal period (30 days), although not significant, consisted of raising the number of values of erythrocytes, hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV), and reduction in mean corpuscular volume values (MCV). From 90 days of age there was a significant reduction in number of red blood cells and VG values, and elevated MCV values and mean corpuscular volume (MCHC) for the Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus). For the WBC, the neonatal period was marked by increase in the number of lymphocytes and decrease in neutrophil ratio: lymphocyte (N, L) with respect to the inversion of 15 days. In the age group 90 days of life was evident increase in the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in both races. The plasma fibrinogen concentrations showed no significant variations during the trial period. The plasma total protein (PTP), had higher values on the second day of life, with reductions up to 60 days and gradual increase in subsequent times.Discussion: The fluctuations related to the values of erythrocyte variables in the neonatal period are consistent with results reported by other authors in calves of other races. Changes in erythrocyte values observed from 90 days of age on race Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus) can be attributed to infection by blood parasites and consequent hemolysis. As for the leucocyte count, increasing the number of lymphocytes and inversion of N:L is the neonatal period in a physiological variation and confirms observations made by other authors in calves of other races. In the age group 90 days, leukocytosis by lymphocytosis was related to natural premonition against Babesia spp. and Anaplasma spp., which is documented in cattle in tropical and subtropical regions. When analyzing the PTP values on the second day of life, it can be said that there has been proper transfer of passive immunity in both races, given the high correlation of PTP values and gamma globulins. The reduction of PTP and subsequent elevation values are characteristic of the physiological curve related to degradation of passively transferred immunoglobulin and immunoglobulin synthesis by competent immune system
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