Öko-Lebensmittel - das komplexe Zusammenspiel von Einflussfaktoren und Auswirkungen

Vorteile des Konsums ökologisch erzeugter Lebensmittel werden oft auf gesundheitliche Effekte reduziert. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, das komplexe Zusammenspiel der zahlreichen Einflussfaktoren und Auswirkungen des Konsums ökologischer Lebensmittel a ufzuzeigen. Basierend auf aktueller Literatur wurden entsprechend dem Ansatz der Ernährungsökologie mit der Modellierungstechnik NutriMod Faktoren aus den Dimensionen Gesundheit, Umwelt, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft erfasst und in ihrer Vernetztheit dargestellt. Im resultierenden Modell können zahlreiche direkte und indirekte Zusammenhänge aufgezeigt, sowie Wirkketten und Rückkopplungen identifiziert werden, innerhalb der Dimensionen und dimensionenübergreifend. Durch die Abbildung von Mehrdimensionalität und Vernetztheit von Einflussfaktoren und Auswirkungen liefert das Modell für das kontrovers diskutierte Thema Öko-Landbau Grundlagen für weitere Forschung und für politische Entscheidungen im Sinne einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung

Capacitive coupling of atomic systems to mesoscopic conductors

We describe a technique that enables a strong, coherent coupling between isolated neutral atoms and mesoscopic conductors. The coupling is achieved by exciting atoms trapped above the surface of a superconducting transmission line into Rydberg states with large electric dipole moments, that induce voltage fluctuations in the transmission line. Using a mechanism analogous to cavity quantum electrodynamics an atomic state can be transferred to a long-lived mode of the fluctuating voltage, atoms separated by millimeters can be entangled, or the quantum state of a solid state device can be mapped onto atomic or photonic states.Comment: 4 pages, including one figure. v2: Improved discussion of surface effect

Saúde e tecnologia: construção de um Podcast sobre experiências exitosas entre participantes do PET-saúde/interprofissionalidade

Introdução: Com o grande avanço e uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) tanto no Brasil como no mundo, percebe-se o vasto espaço que essas ferramentas vêm ganhando, seja em pesquisas ou até no cotidiano em saúde¹. A sociedade necessita se adaptar aos novos meios de busca por informações e notícias nas diversas áreas, sendo as TIC importantes para transmitir dados e informações, mediante estratégias visuais, vídeos ou áudios (como os chamados Podcast). Essa ferramenta constitui-se em um áudio com intuito de repassar informações sobre assuntos das mais diversas áreas, e no âmbito da saúde, se tornou um meio que facilita e auxilia na busca por conhecimentos fidedignos e cientificamente comprovados, em tempos de fake news (para além do cenário pandêmico)². Objetivo: Relatar a experiência da construção de um Podcast realizado entre participantes do PET-Saúde/Interprofissionalidade. Metodologia: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de uma ação realizada no mês de maio do ano de 2020, pelo projeto PET-Saúde/Interprofissionalidade número 140. Conta com a participação da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Chapecó-SC (SESAU), Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) e Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (Unoesc), através da participação de profissionais e docentes de distintas áreas, e de discentes da Enfermagem, Medicina, Psicologia e Educação Física. O tema do podcast foi: “O que são e quais foram as experiências exitosas no contexto do PET-Saúde Interprofissionalidade?” Resultados: A pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus traz à tona a necessidade de renovação e adaptação ao “novo normal”. Assim, a construção de um podcast sobre experiências exitosas, fez com que sejam repensadas vivências interprofissionais que geraram sentido e significado para o grupo. O uso dessa estratégia de áudio fez emergir algumas dificuldades e limitações, sobretudo na composição/roteiro, edição e manuseio da ferramenta. Contudo, esse contato com a tecnologia, juntamente com os profissionais de saúde que atuam na ponta e linha de frente do enfrentamento pandêmico, foi produtivo, pois fez emergir elementos valiosos para interprofissionalidade, como criatividade, criticidade, preocupação em transmitir informações de forma didática, e consequente busca por novas estratégias, como essa, para o momento pandêmico. Refletir sobre o que pode ser considerado exitoso, em si, ressignificou representações superficiais do complexo contexto onde o projeto atua, agora, remotamente. Considerações Finais: A aproximação da universidade (estudantes e professores de distintas áreas) com os serviços de saúde (profissionais da atenção básica), proporcionou numerosas e valiosas experiências interprofissionais, e a realização de um podcast representa um exercício de reflexão crítica, trabalho em equipe, e adaptação à novas linguagens. Palavras-chave: Educação Interprofissional. Educação em Saúde. Pandemia. Webcast. Tecnologia

Alterations in the gut microbiome implicate key taxa and metabolic pathways across inflammatory arthritis phenotypes

Musculoskeletal diseases affect up to 20% of adults worldwide. The gut microbiome has been implicated in inflammatory conditions, but large-scale metagenomic evaluations have not yet traced the routes by which immunity in the gut affects inflammatory arthritis. To characterize the community structure and associated functional processes driving gut microbial involvement in arthritis, the Inflammatory Arthritis Microbiome Consortium investigated 440 stool shotgun metagenomes comprising 221 adults diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, or psoriatic arthritis and 219 healthy controls and individuals with joint pain without an underlying inflammatory cause. Diagnosis explained about 2% of gut taxonomic variability, which is comparable in magnitude to inflammatory bowel disease. We identified several candidate microbes with differential carriage patterns in patients with elevated blood markers for inflammation. Our results confirm and extend previous findings of increased carriage of typically oral and inflammatory taxa and decreased abundance and prevalence of typical gut clades, indicating that distal inflammatory conditions, as well as local conditions, correspond to alterations to the gut microbial composition. We identified several differentially encoded pathways in the gut microbiome of patients with inflammatory arthritis, including changes in vitamin B salvage and biosynthesis and enrichment of iron sequestration. Although several of these changes characteristic of inflammation could have causal roles, we hypothesize that they are mainly positive feedback responses to changes in host physiology and immune homeostasis. By connecting taxonomic alternations to functional alterations, this work expands our understanding of the shifts in the gut ecosystem that occur in response to systemic inflammation during arthritis

Effects of Spider Venom Toxin PWTX-I (6-Hydroxytrypargine) on the Central Nervous System of Rats

The 6-hydroxytrypargine (6-HT) is an alkaloidal toxin of the group of tetrahydro-β-carbolines (THβC) isolated from the venom of the colonial spider Parawixia bistriata. These alkaloids are reversible inhibitors of the monoamine-oxidase enzyme (MAO), with hallucinogenic, tremorigenic and anxiolytic properties. The toxin 6-HT was the first THβC chemically reported in the venom of spiders; however, it was not functionally well characterized up to now. The action of 6-HT was investigated by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intravenous (i.v.) applications of the toxin in adult male Wistar rats, followed by the monitoring of the expression of fos-protein, combined with the use of double labeling immunehistochemistry protocols for the detection of some nervous receptors and enzymes related to the metabolism of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS). We also investigated the epileptiform activity in presence of this toxin. The assays were carried out in normal hippocampal neurons and also in a model of chronic epilepsy obtained by the use of neurons incubated in free-magnesium artificial cerebro-spinal fluid (ACSF). Trypargine, a well known THβC toxin, was used as standard compound for comparative purposes. Fos-immunoreactive cells (fos-ir) were observed in hypothalamic and thalamic areas, while the double-labeling identified nervous receptors of the sub-types rGlu2/3 and NMR1, and orexinergic neurons. The 6-HT was administrated by perfusion and ejection in “brain slices” of hippocampus, inducing epileptic activity after its administration; the toxin was not able to block the epileptogenic crisis observed in the chronic model of the epilepsy, suggesting that 6-HT did not block the overactive GluRs responsible for this epileptic activity

Uganda's experience in Ebola virus disease outbreak preparedness, 2018-2019.

BACKGROUND: Since the declaration of the 10th Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in DRC on 1st Aug 2018, several neighboring countries have been developing and implementing preparedness efforts to prevent EVD cross-border transmission to enable timely detection, investigation, and response in the event of a confirmed EVD outbreak in the country. We describe Uganda's experience in EVD preparedness. RESULTS: On 4 August 2018, the Uganda Ministry of Health (MoH) activated the Public Health Emergency Operations Centre (PHEOC) and the National Task Force (NTF) for public health emergencies to plan, guide, and coordinate EVD preparedness in the country. The NTF selected an Incident Management Team (IMT), constituting a National Rapid Response Team (NRRT) that supported activation of the District Task Forces (DTFs) and District Rapid Response Teams (DRRTs) that jointly assessed levels of preparedness in 30 designated high-risk districts representing category 1 (20 districts) and category 2 (10 districts). The MoH, with technical guidance from the World Health Organisation (WHO), led EVD preparedness activities and worked together with other ministries and partner organisations to enhance community-based surveillance systems, develop and disseminate risk communication messages, engage communities, reinforce EVD screening and infection prevention measures at Points of Entry (PoEs) and in high-risk health facilities, construct and equip EVD isolation and treatment units, and establish coordination and procurement mechanisms. CONCLUSION: As of 31 May 2019, there was no confirmed case of EVD as Uganda has continued to make significant and verifiable progress in EVD preparedness. There is a need to sustain these efforts, not only in EVD preparedness but also across the entire spectrum of a multi-hazard framework. These efforts strengthen country capacity and compel the country to avail resources for preparedness and management of incidents at the source while effectively cutting costs of using a "fire-fighting" approach during public health emergencies