38 research outputs found

    Becoming a Maker Educator

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    The Maker Movement is a global-do-it-yourself (DIY) movement of people who take charge of their lives, solve their own problems and share how they solved them (Roscorla, 2013). This movement is gaining traction in the educational sphere, in both formal (public and private K-16 schools) and informal educational environments (after-school programs, community makerspaces, libraries, museums, etc.). As such, there has been a corresponding increase in the number of articles about the Maker Movement and Maker Education in professional journals, as well as increased attention to the topic with-in school-related professional development activities and education conferences

    Moving from Education 1.0 Through Education 2.0 Towards Education 3.0

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    This article compares the developments of the Internet and the Web with those of education. The web influences people\u27s way of thinking, doing and being, and people influence the development and content of the web. The evolution of the web from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 and now to Web 3.0 can be used as a metaphor of how education should also be evolving, as a movement from Education 1.0 towards that of Education 3.0. The Web, Internet, Social Media, and the evolving, emerging technologies have created a perfect storm or convergence of resources, tools, open and free information access. The result is not only a change in what individuals learn but how, why, and where they learn. Taking this one step further, or from another angle, moving from Education 1.0 to Education 3.0 can be likened to moving from Pedagogy/ Essentialism/ Instructivism through Andragogy/ Construttivism towards Heutagogy/ Connectivism. Source materials and content for this article, and the associated graphics come from Education 3.0: Altering Round Peg in Round Hole Education (http://usergeneratededucation.wordpress.com/2013/06/09/education-3-0-altering-round-peg-in-round-hole-education)

    N-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with dysglycemia

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    Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2012 Massachusetts Medical Society.Background: The use of n-3 fatty acids may prevent cardiovascular events in patients with recent myocardial infarction or heart failure. Their effects in patients with (or at risk for) type 2 diabetes mellitus are unknown. Methods: In this double-blind study with a 2-by-2 factorial design, we randomly assigned 12,536 patients who were at high risk for cardiovascular events and had impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or diabetes to receive a 1-g capsule containing at least 900 mg (90% or more) of ethyl esters of n-3 fatty acids or placebo daily and to receive either insulin glargine or standard care. The primary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes. The results of the comparison between n-3 fatty acids and placebo are reported here. Results: During a median follow up of 6.2 years, the incidence of the primary outcome was not significantly decreased among patients receiving n-3 fatty acids, as compared with those receiving placebo (574 patients [9.1%] vs. 581 patients [9.3%]; hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87 to 1.10; P = 0.72). The use of n-3 fatty acids also had no significant effect on the rates of major vascular events (1034 patients [16.5%] vs. 1017 patients [16.3%]; hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.10; P = 0.81), death from any cause (951 [15.1%] vs. 964 [15.4%]; hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.07; P = 0.63), or death from arrhythmia (288 [4.6%] vs. 259 [4.1%]; hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.30; P = 0.26). Triglyceride levels were reduced by 14.5 mg per deciliter (0.16 mmol per liter) more among patients receiving n-3 fatty acids than among those receiving placebo (P<0.001), without a significant effect on other lipids. Adverse effects were similar in the two groups. Conclusions: Daily supplementation with 1 g of n-3 fatty acids did not reduce the rate of cardiovascular events in patients at high risk for cardiovascular events. (Funded by Sanofi; ORIGIN ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00069784.).Peer reviewe

    Visit-to-visit variability in multiple biological measurements and cognitive performance and risk of cardiovascular disease:A cohort study

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    BACKGROUND: Visit-to-visit variability in single biological measurements has been associated with cognitive decline and an elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the effect of visit-to-visit variability in multiple biological measures is underexplored. We investigated the effect of visit-to-visit variability in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), weight, fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides on cognitive performance and CVD.METHODS: Data on BP, HR, weight, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides from study visits in the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial were used to estimate the association between visit-to-visit variability, cognitive performance (Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score) and CVD (non-fatal stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular death). Visit-to-visit variation for each measurement was estimated by calculating each individuals visit-to-visit standard deviation for that measurement. Participants whose standard deviation was in the highest quarter were classified as having high variation. Participants were grouped into those having 0, 1, 2, 3, or ≄ 4 high variation measurements. Regression and survival models were used to estimate the association between biological measures with MMSE and CVD with adjustment for confounders and mean measurement value.RESULTS: After adjustment for covariates, higher visit-to-visit variability in BP, HR, weight, and FPG were associated with poorer MMSE and a higher risk of CVD. Effect sizes did not vary greatly by measurement. The effects of high visit-to-visit variability were additive; compared to participants who had no measurements with high visit-to-visit variability, those who had high visit-to-visit variability in ≄4 measurements had poorer MMSE scores (-0.63 (95 % CI -0.96 to -0·31). Participants with ≄4 measurements with high visit-to-visit variability compared to participants with none had higher risk of CVD (hazard ratio 2.46 (95 % CI 1.63 to 3.70).CONCLUSION: Visit-to-visit variability in several measurements were associated with cumulatively poorer cognitive performance and a greater risk of CVD.</p

    Improving analysis of cognitive outcomes in cardiovascular trials using different statistical approaches

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    Background: The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaires are commonly used to measure global cognition in clinical trials. Because these scales are discrete and bounded with ceiling and floor effects and highly skewed, their analysis as continuous outcomes presents challenges. Normality assumptions of linear regression models are usually violated, which may result in failure to detect associations with variables of interest. Methods: Alternative approaches to analyzing the results of these cognitive batteries include transformations (standardization, square root, or log transformation) of the scores in the multivariate linear regression (MLR) model, the use of nonlinear beta-binomial regression (which is not dependent on the assumption of normality), or Tobit regression, which adds a latent variable to account for bounded data. We aim to empirically compare the model performance of all proposed approaches using four large randomized controlled trials (ORIGIN, TRANSCEND, COMPASS, and NAVIGATE-ESUS), and using as metrics the Akaike information criterion (AIC). We also compared the treatment effects for the methods that have the same unit of measure (i.e., untransformed MLR, beta-binomial, and Tobit). Results: The beta-binomial consistently demonstrated superior model performance, with the lowest AIC values among nearly all the approaches considered, followed by the MLR with square root and log transformations across all four studies. Notably, in ORIGIN, a substantial AIC reduction was observed when comparing the untransformed MLR to the beta-binomial, whereas other studies had relatively small AIC reductions. The beta-binomial model also resulted in a significant treatment effect in ORIGIN, while the untransformed MLR and Tobit regression showed no significance. The other three studies had similar and insignificant treatment effects among the three approaches. Conclusion: When analyzing discrete and bounded outcomes, such as cognitive scores, as continuous variables, a beta-binomial regression model improves model performance, avoids spurious significance, and allows for a direct interpretation of the actual cognitive measure. Trials registration: ORIGIN (NCT00069784). Registered on October 1, 2003; TRANSCEND (NCT00153101). Registered on September 9, 2005; COMPASS (NCT01776424). Registered on January 24, 2013; NAVIGATE-ESUS (NCT02313909). Registered on December 8, 2014

    Cognitive performance following stroke, transient ischaemic attack, myocardial infarction, and hospitalisation:an individual participant data meta-analysis of six randomised controlled trials

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    BACKGROUND: Survivors of stroke are often concerned about cognitive problems, and information on the risk of cognitive problems often comes from small studies. We aimed to estimate years of cognitive ageing associated with stroke compared with transient ischaemic attack, myocardial infarction, and other hospitalisations in a large population.METHODS: Using data from six randomised controlled trials (ORIGIN, ONTARGET, TRANSCEND, COMPASS, HOPE-3, and NAVIGATE ESUS), we completed an individual participant data meta-analysis using data requested from the Public Health Research Institute to estimate the association of stroke (by type and severity), transient ischaemic attack, myocardial infarction, and other hospitalisations with cognitive performance measured at the end of each trial. We included participants in any of these randomised controlled trials with a cognitive assessment at baseline and at least one other timepoint. Cognitive performance was measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, transformed into Z scores. We estimated Z score differences in end of trial cognitive performance between people with and without events and calculated corresponding years of cognitive ageing in these trials, and additionally calculated using a population representative cohort-the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study.FINDINGS: In 64 106 participants from 55 countries, compared with no event, stroke was associated with 18 years of cognitive ageing (1487 strokes included in the model, 95% CI 10 to 28; p&lt;0·0001) and transient ischaemic attack with 3 years (660 transient ischaemic attacks included in the model, 0 to 6; p=0·021). Myocardial infarction (p=0·60) and other hospitalisations (p=0·26) were not associated with cognitive ageing. The mean difference in SD compared with people without an event was -0·84 (95% CI -0·91 to -0·76; p&lt;0·0001) for disabling stroke, and -0·12 (-0·19 to -0·05; p=0·0012) for non-disabling stroke. Haemorrhagic stroke was associated with worse cognition (-0·75, -0·95 to -0·55; p&lt;0·0001) than ischaemic stroke (-0·42, -0·48 to -0·36; p &lt;0·0001).INTERPRETATION: Stroke has a substantial effect on cognition. The effects of transient ischaemic attack were small, whereas myocardial infarction and hospitalisation had a neutral effect. Prevention of stroke could lead to a reduction in cognitive ageing in those at greatest risk.FUNDING: Population Health Research Institute and Chief Scientist Office of Scotland.</p

    DreamTel; Diabetes risk evaluation and management tele-monitoring study protocol

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes underlines the importance of secondary strategies for the prevention of target organ damage. While access to diabetes education centers and diabetes intensification management has been shown to improve blood glucose control, these services are not available to all that require them, particularly in rural and northern areas. The provision of these services through the Home Care team is an advance that can overcome these barriers. Transfer of blood glucose data electronically from the home to the health care provider may improve diabetes management.</p> <p>Methods and design</p> <p>The study population will consist of patients with type 2 diabetes with uncontrolled A1c levels living on reserve in the Battlefords region of Saskatchewan, Canada. This pilot study will take place over three phases. In the first phase over three months the impact of the introduction of the Bluetooth enabled glucose monitor will be assessed. In the second phase over three months, the development of guidelines based treatment algorithms for diabetes intensification will be completed. In the third phase lasting 18 months, study subjects will have diabetes intensification according to the algorithms developed.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The first phase will determine if the use of the Bluetooth enabled blood glucose devices which can transmit results electronically will lead to changes in A1c levels. It will also determine the feasibility of recruiting subjects to use this technology. The rest of the Diabetes Risk Evaluation and Management Tele-monitoring (DreamTel) study will determine if the delivery of a diabetes intensification management program by the Home Care team supported by the Bluetooth enabled glucose meters leads to improvements in diabetes management.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>Protocol NCT00325624</p

    Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

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    Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale

    Beyond the Game: Quest Atlantis as an Online Learning Experience for Gifted Elementary Students

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    Quest Atlantis (QA) is a learning and teaching project that uses a 3D virtual environment to immerse children, ages 8-15, in educational tasks. It allows users to travel to virtual places to perform educational activities known as Quests. The core elements of QA are: 1) a 3D multi-user virtual environment (MUVE), 2) inquiry learning Quests and unit plans, 3) a storyline involving a mythical Council and a set of social commitments, and 4) a globally-distributed community of participants (Barab, Arici, & Jackson, 2005). These inherently engaging environments are natural motivators for this age-level student, who can be considered members of the Club Penguin generation. To determine the perspectives of the users, themselves, a survey was conducted with a group of 35 gifted elementary students. The results, gathered through both closed and open-ended questions, identified the strengths and limitations of this media as a viable pedagogy for teaching more traditional content area subjects. Teacher observations of student behavior both in the real life classroom and in the online environment present additional insights how digital natives engage in and interact with this media. Implications for using virtual worlds such as Quest Atlantis for distance learning of upper elementary students are proposed

    The Use of Twitter for Professional Growth and Development

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    T witter, the micro blogging tool, has seen unprecedented growth in the past year and is expected to continue into the future. “By the end of the year, some 18 million U.S. adults will access the micro blogging service on any platform every month. That’s more than the population of Switzerland, Singapore, and Norway combined, and also a 200 percent increase over 2008 stats. By 2010, that number’s expected to jump to 26 million, representing another 44 percent increase” (Lilly, 2009). Twitter’s power, engagement, and popularity lie in its endless networking opportunities. Its potential as a venue for professional growth and development needs to be explored, discussed, and ultimately used as such
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