Feminism And Marginal Sectors: Achievements And Setbacks In A Difficult Dialog

The feminist movement has given voice to the demands of women and assured their conquests and demands. But not all groups of women have been equally recognized. Groups with greater social marginalization have the greatest difficulties inserting their demands within the hegemonic lines of feminism. There are currently polemics about how to approach themes such as sexual work and female crime. © 2016, Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP. All rights reserved.20164

Inclusion of Low Income Sectors in Latin American Agribusiness

We examine three case studies on agribusiness ventures that have included low income sectors (LIS) into value creation activities to reduce poverty in Latin America. While the goal for each agribusiness is economic profit, we find that this goal is not inconsistent with wealth creation among LIS. We use the agribusiness chain analytical framework to identify the roles played by LIS in the ventures studied, and we explore the ways in which LIS inclusion has influenced the performance of the agribusiness chains and contributed to their competitiveness.Agribusiness, Poverty reduction, Latin America, Agribusiness, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty,

A family of dissipative two-dimensional mappings: Chaotic, regular and steady state dynamics investigation

Abstract Some dynamical properties for a family of two dimensional mappings controlled by three parameters are considered in this paper. For null dissipation and depending on the other control parameters, diffusion in phase space is observed. A connection with the standard mapping is made to determine the range of control parameters leading to unlimited diffusion. In the dissipative case, for low nonlinearity, we obtain the fixed points and an expression to find any periodic orbit with any period, if it exists. For large nonlinearity we investigate the Lyapunov exponents and characterise the steady state of the system for a long time

Saddle points and rare collisions under scaling approach in a Fermi accelerator with two nonlinear terms

Abstract Rare collisions of a classical particle bouncing between two walls are studied. The dynamics is described by a two-dimensional, nonlinear and area-preserving mapping in the variables velocity and time at the instant that the particle collides with the moving wall. The phase space is of mixed type preventing diffusion of the particle to high energy. Successive and therefore rare collisions are shown to have a histogram of frequency which is scaling invariant with respect to the control parameters. The saddle fixed points are studied and shown to be scaling invariant with respect to the control parameters too

Predation in Many Dimensions: Spatial Context Is Important for Meaningful Functional Response Experiments

For simplicity and to minimize variation, functional response experiments frequently use environments of simple physical structure and small size. Less attention is paid to similarity of the experimental environment to the natural environment where predation occurs. Assumptions about predator and prey use of space are often implied in the choice of experimental environment. We illustrate how these assumptions may affect conclusions with an experiment testing how arena size affects a functional response. Toxorhynchites rutilus preyed upon larval Culex restuans in containers differing in volume by 15x, but spanning a similar range of prey/liter. The most plausible Type II model included attack rates that were statistically indistinguishable, but in the larger volume, had handling time that was lower by \u3e 30x compared to the smaller volume, suggesting a major change in predator behavior with container volume. When we altered our assumption that predation scales with prey/liter, assuming instead that aggregation causes predation to scale with prey/area of surface or bottom, the conclusions changed: neither attack rate nor handling time differed with container size. Thus, our assumption about how predator and prey used space altered the conclusions of the experiment. We then summarize recently published experiments showing that spatial context affects estimated functional responses. We suggest that functional response experiments would be improved by using larger experimental spaces that represent physical complexity of environments where predation occurs. Greater spatial extent and complexity are likely to cause aggregation of predation. Effects of more realistic spatial context are likely to yield more complete understanding of quantitative aspects of predation

The L\'evy Map: A two-dimensional nonlinear map characterized by tunable L\'evy flights

Once recognizing that point particles moving inside the extended version of the rippled billiard perform L\'evy flights characterized by a L\'evy-type distribution $P(\ell)\sim \ell^{-(1+\alpha)}$ with $\alpha=1$, we derive a generalized two-dimensional non-linear map $M_\alpha$ able to produce L\'evy flights described by $P(\ell)$ with $0<\alpha<2$. Due to this property, we name $M_\alpha$ as the L\'evy Map. Then, by applying Chirikov's overlapping resonance criteria we are able to identify the onset of global chaos as a function of the parameters of the map. With this, we state the conditions under which the L\'evy Map could be used as a L\'evy pseudo-random number generator and, furthermore, confirm its applicability by computing scattering properties of disordered wires.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Validity Of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis To Estimation Fat-free Mass In The Army Cadets

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is a fast, practical, non-invasive, and frequently used method for fat-free mass (FFM) estimation. The aims of this study were to validate predictive equations of BIA to FFM estimation in Army cadets and to develop and validate a specific BIA equation for this population. Methods: A total of 396 males, Brazilian Army cadets, aged 17-24 years were included. The study used eight published predictive BIA equations, a specific equation in FFM estimation, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference method. Student's t-test (for paired sample), linear regression analysis, and Bland-Altman method were used to test the validity of the BIA equations. Results: Predictive BIA equations showed significant differences in FFM compared to DXA (p < 0.05) and large limits of agreement by Bland-Altman. Predictive BIA equations explained 68% to 88% of FFM variance. Specific BIA equations showed no significant differences in FFM, compared to DXA values. Conclusion: Published BIA predictive equations showed poor accuracy in this sample. The specific BIA equations, developed in this study, demonstrated validity for this sample, although should be used with caution in samples with a large range of FFM.83Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel-CAPES [23001.000422/98-30]Sao Paulo Research Foundation-FAPESP [2011/23460-1]Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Dealing with diversity: State strategies on ethnic minority management in Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia’s ethnic, political and cultural diversity continues to pose major policy and governance hurdles in enforcing a common community born out of the post-colonial nationalist baggage of almost all the region’s countries. ASEAN’s “non-interference” clause gives leeway to each member state to respond to its ethnic diversity with nation-building projects through exclusionary governance. With this leeway, each Southeast Asian country’s nation-building policieslegitimize a particular, existing ethno-nationalist or “ethno-religious” majority at the expense of democratic accountability. This study proposes a preliminary quantitative model which uses regression analysis to compare Southeast Asian countries’ data on their religious and ethnic populations. The initial model categorizes the types of minority management strategies depending on their respective ethnic heterogeneity. This study hypothesizes that a) states with moreethnically homogenous populations will have more exclusionary and violent state policies towards minorities, while b) states with more heterogeneous populations will have fewer exclusionary and violent policies. The results indicate a moderate causality between the two variables and may be correlated with additional variables such as the level of democratic consolidation (as tabulated by the Polity IV democratic index) and the centralized structure of governance

Modelling economic impacts of deficit irrigated maize in Brazil with consideration of different rainfall regimes

Deficit irrigation is often required to cope with droughts and limited water availability. However, to select an appropriate irrigation management, it is necessary to assess when economic impacts of deficit irrigation are acceptable. Thus, the main goal of this study was to evaluate economic water productivity for maize submitted to various levels of water deficits and different irrigation systems. The study was based on two different experiments conducted in Southern Brazil, one using sprinkler irrigation to supplement rainfall and the other using drip irrigation with precipitation excluded by a rainfall shelter to simulate cultivation under dry conditions. Water productivity indicators were calculated referring to: a) actual field collected data, including yields, commodity prices and production costs; and b) a sensitivity analysis to commodity prices and production costs. Alternative centrepivot irrigation scenarios were also developed to assess their feasibility in terms of water use and productivity when irrigation is used to supplement rainfall or when rainfall is scarce. Results show that the feasibility of deficit irrigation is highly influenced by commodity prices and by the irrigation (and water) costs when the irrigation costs are a large part of the production costs. Results also show that deficit irrigation applied when rainfall is abundant is easier to implement than deficit irrigation where rainfall is very scarce, when only a mild stress is economically viable. For well-designed and managed centrepivot systems, results confirm that adopting deficit irrigation when rainfall is scarce is less attractive than under conditions of irrigation to supplement rainfall. It could be concluded that farmers are unlikely to choose a deficit irrigation strategy unless they are facing reduced water availability for irrigatio