Monetary policy without reserve requirements : case studies and options for the United States

Over the past decade, the level of required balances held by depository institutions in the United States has declined dramatically. The decline in reserve balances has fueled a debate over the role of reserve requirements. On the one hand, proponents of reserve requirements argue that low reserve balances may complicate monetary policy operations and increase short-term interest rate volatility. On the other hand, critics of reserve requirements argue that lower reserve requirements remove a distortionary tax on depository institutions and need not complicate monetary policy operations. ; In this article, the authors examine how three countries - Canada, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand conduct monetary policy without using reserve requirements. The experience of these three countries provides insight into the linkages between the payments system and monetary policy and into the connection between reserve requirements and interest rate volatility. This insight is particularly helpful in understanding the implications of a further reduction of reserve balances in the United States.Monetary policy ; Bank reserves ; Monetary policy - Canada ; Monetary policy - Great Britain ; Monetary policy - New Zealand

Building An Earnest and Amicable Argument Culture in the Secondary Classroom

How do we build collaborative, positive argument cultures in secondary classrooms? In this article, the author walks through two methods for doing this. First, the author describes the use of organized sentence templates for making collaborative argument more accessible to students. Second, the author lays out a method for facilitating whole-class, argumentative discussions: pop-up debate. Classroom examples are provided to illustrate the concepts

Tagging Along

This engaging memoir records the recollections of a grandson of the times he spent with a kind, wise, generous, and very patient grandfather. Focused on events in James Wolcott Wadsworth, Jr.’s, life as he related them to his grandson, Stuart Symington, Jr., weaves this story of his grandfather’s political career and private life against a rich background of family history.https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/geneseo-authors/1000/thumbnail.jp

AX-5 space suit bearing torque investigation

The symptoms and eventual resolution of a torque increase problem occurring with ball bearings in the joints of the AX-5 space suit are described. Starting torques that rose 5 to 10 times initial levels were observed in crew evaluation tests of the suit in a zero-g water tank. This bearing problem was identified as a blocking torque anomaly, observed previously in oscillatory gimbal bearings. A large matrix of lubricants, ball separator designs and materials were evaluated. None of these combinations showed sufficient tolerance to lubricant washout when repeatedly cycled in water. The problem was resolved by retrofitting a pressure compensated, water exclusion seal to the outboard side of the bearing cavity. The symptoms and possible remedies to blocking are discussed

Laparoscopic Transperitoneal Pyeloplasty

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty is a first-line option for the management of ureteropelvic junction obstruction. It has a greater success rate than endopyelotomy and is associated with a shorter and less intense convalescence than open surgical pyeloplasty. The technique is well established and reproducible, although the procedure is more difficult in certain situations, such as after a previous pyeloplasty. Because laparoscopic suturing is needed, it is considered an advanced laparoscopic procedure. Suturing devices can facilitate suturing, but they are not optimal for all repairs. This article and the accompanying video summarize the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative considerations for laparoscopic pyeloplasty.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90443/1/end-2E2010-2E0605.pd

An electrophoretic analysis of the genetic relationship between Etheostoma nigrum and Etheostoma Olmstedi (percidae: etheostomatini) in the James River drainage of Virginia

Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820, the Johnny darter ranges from Alabama to the Hudson Bay and from Colorado east to the Atlantic slope in the James, Roanoke, Tar and Neuse Rivers. Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842, the tesselated darter, is restricted to the east coast in the Atlantic and Lake Ontario drainage. In the James and Roanoke River systems in Virginia E. nigrum occupies the piedmont and montane regions whereas E. olmstedi primarily inhabits the coastal plain. The relationship between the morphologically similar species of darters (subgenus Boleosoma) is controversial and has been investigated by several authors. Stone (1947), using multiple character analysis of the two forms in the zone of overlap in the Lake Ontario drainage, concluded that they were separate species. Hubbs and Lagler (1958) treated E. olmstedi as a subspecies of E. nigrum. Based on meristic data in a study of the two forms, Cole (1958, 1965 and 1967) supported Stone\u27s conclusions that separate species status is justified in drainages in New York, Virginia, and North Carolina. Scott and Crossman (1973) referred all Canadian Johnny darters to E. nigrum until it could be determined whether variation in the widespread form was somatic or genetic

The Only Game in town: the Relationship Between Drones and the Just War Tradition

Since he first came to Regis University in 2010, Stuart Jenkins has been driven by the question, what is the right thing to do? His desire to extend this inquiry into the subject of war inspired him to understand and evaluate the ethical issues at stake in the national debate about the use of drone. This Senior Honors Thesis explores the relationship between the principles of Just War Theory and the use of drones. It asks, what are the core principles of Just War Theory, and how have they developed over time; and, how does the Just War tradition address the issue of terrorism? It also analyzes the dynamic relationship between Just War Theory and the use of drones, and considers the challenges of applying a set of theoretical standards to the complex and difficult problem posed by counterterrorism, raising various additional questions. These questions include what are the strategic and tactical advantages of drones that inform our moral approach to drone strikes; how does the Obama administration justify the use of drones as an instrument of counterterrorism; and, what are the ethical issues that remain unresolved that are relevant to the evolution to the Just War tradition

Focal concerns and case advancement in sexual assault cases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Scholars have frequently used focal concerns to explain case advancement – suspect identification, case clearance, and arrest and charge decisions – in sexual assault cases. Indeed, focal concerns has been popularly used to explain prosecutor decision-making and, more recently, it has increasingly been used to explain police decision-making in sexual assault cases. As such, a systematic review and meta-analysis is needed to synthesize and evaluate existing literature. In this study, meta-analysis is used to estimate the overall size, strength, and direction of focal concerns variables on case advancement in sexual assault cases by using police officers’ decision to arrest and prosecutors’ decision to charge. This evaluation will follow protocols recommended by the Campbell Collaboration of Systematic Reviews to conduct an exhaustive literature search and use meta-analytic techniques to estimate effect sizes. Results from this study will hopefully help inform policy and training by determining factors associated sexual assault case advancement