Considerations in lunar landmark sighting and recommended techniques - Project Apollo

Lunar landmark sighting techniques for Apollo command service modul

On the customs union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia

The article gives a general overview of the process of forming a customs union among three Soviet successor states - Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia. Following some theoretical considerations, the author outlines the evolution of the idea of customs union within the CIS. Thereafter, he analyses the economic situation in its member states, with particular emphasis on their structural problems, economic efficiency and trade characteristics. He comes to the conclusion that the foregoing results have not helped diversify the economic structure of its participants and lessen their import dependence. Moreover, the declining level of intra-trade does not bode well for the future of this organization, while the situation is further complicated by the negative impact of the present global crisis and increasing geopolitical rivalry in the region

Infinite Divisibility in Euclidean Quantum Mechanics

In simple -- but selected -- quantum systems, the probability distribution determined by the ground state wave function is infinitely divisible. Like all simple quantum systems, the Euclidean temporal extension leads to a system that involves a stochastic variable and which can be characterized by a probability distribution on continuous paths. The restriction of the latter distribution to sharp time expectations recovers the infinitely divisible behavior of the ground state probability distribution, and the question is raised whether or not the temporally extended probability distribution retains the property of being infinitely divisible. A similar question extended to a quantum field theory relates to whether or not such systems would have nontrivial scattering behavior.Comment: 17 pages, no figure

The Issue Doctrine an Examination of the Impact of Rosenbloom Versus Metromedia on Constitutional Libel Litigation

This thesis examines the Rosenbloom v. Metromedia, Inc. Supreme Court decision as the source of the public issue doctrine (the application of the actual malice doctrine to private individuals who were involved in controversies over matters of public or general concern). The study uses an historical-legal viewpoint beginning with the Court of Star Chambers in early seventeenth century England. Within the framework of the law of defamation, the evolution of the concepts of public officials, public figures, private individuals and the public issue doctrine are examined in detail. The historical progression of libel litigation is briefly traced through the American Colonies and into the early years of the United States\u27 legal development. A detailed examination is made of the court rulings that make up the common law of defamation beginning with the Supreme Court\u27s New York Times v. Sullivan landmark decision in 1964. The concept of actual malice is examined, relative to the public issue doctrine, from its inception in the New York Times decision to its application to public figures who are not public employees. The next evolutionary step studied was the application of the actual malice doctrine to private individuals via the public issue doctrine. This was accomplished by the 1971 Rosenbloom decision. For three years, all plaintiffs in libel litigation were required to prove actual malice if the defamation involved an issue of public or general concern. The state courts and lower level federal courts adopted this standard and held it until the 1974 Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. decision repudiated the Rosenbloom issue doctrine. Several states retained the public issue standard even after it was repudiated by the Gertz decision. The states of Michigan, Indiana, Alaska and Colorado made a conscious choice, but Pennsylvania retained the issue doctrine by failing to readdress it in subsequent decisions for more than 20 years. The lasting effects that came from the Rosenbloom issue doctrine were the clear and convincing standard of proof required for actual malice and the increased difficulty experienced by libel defendants seeking summary judgments. In the aftermath of the issue doctrine, the courts have returned to refining the law of defamation

Simon Burris, Jr. to James (2 October 1962)

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_pro/1548/thumbnail.jp

Clinical Programs That Allow Both Compensation and Credit: A Model Program for Law Schools

In this Article, the authors set out the arguments for and against credit-plus-pay clinical programs, categorizing the arguments on both sides as either educational arguments or economic arguments. The authors then develop a model credit-plus-pay program. The authors begin with two fundamental premises. First, every law school should be free to design a curriculum that is best suited to serve its own students and produce competent lawyers. Second, each program offered by a law school should be evaluated on its own educational merits, not on the basis of a rigid litmus test such as compensation