521 research outputs found
Metaphor-related figurative language comprehension in clinical populations : a critical review
This paper aims to critically review current studies with respect to definitions, methods, and results on the comprehension of metaphor, metonymy, idioms, and proverbs under the following clinical conditions: aphasia, Alzheimerâs disease, autism, brain injuries, specific language impairment, and Williams Syndrome. A comprehensive search of experimental psycholinguistic research was conducted using EBSCOhost, PsychInfo, PUBMED, and Web of Science databases. Thirty-eight studies met the review inclusion criteria. Results point to deficits in figurative language comprehension in all conditions considered, lack of clear definitions of the phenomena investigated, and varied methods throughout the sample. Patientsâ difficulties are attributed to multiple factors, such as a lack of Theory of Mind, executive dysfunctions, and poor semantic knowledge. The study of nonliteral aspects of language comprehension in clinical populations reveals a range of disparate impairments. There was no specific feature about metaphor-related phenomena identified that could, on its own, account for the difficulty some populations have to understand figurative language. Rather, metaphor-related language comprehension difficulties are often part of pragmatic, linguistic, and/or cognitive impairments
Refazendo Corpos para os Mortos: As EfĂgies MortuĂĄrias Kalapalo (Alto Xingu, Brasil)
The Quarup is an Upper Xinguan ritual in which at least one deceased nobleman is remembered in the form of an effigy, a temporary body made out of the wood of a special tree trunk. In this paper I analyze how the notions of body, trunk, soul and chief are related to the concept akuĂŁpĂŒtelĂŒ (âto homageâ or âto substituteâ), by which the Kalapalo describe the Quarup. I argue that effigies work at restoring the conditions necessary for the production of kinship, and discuss why the ritualization of relations of enmity with other Xinguans is necessary for this process.
O Quarup Ă© um ritual alto-xinguano no qual pelo menos um nobre falecido Ă© lembrado sob a forma de uma efĂgie, um corpo temporĂĄrio feito do tronco de uma ĂĄrvore especial. Neste trabalho analiso como as noçÔes de corpo, tronco, alma e chefe estĂŁo relacionadas no conceito de akuĂŁpĂŒtelĂŒ, pelo qual os Kalapalo descrevem este processo, e que traduzem geralmente como âhomenagearâ ou âsubstituirâ. Argumento que as efĂgies atuam na reposição das condiçÔes para a produção do parentesco, e discuto porque sua condição Ă© a ritualização de relaçÔes de inimizade com outros xinguanos.
Le Quarup est un rituel du Haut Xingu dans lequel au moins un noble dĂ©cĂ©dĂ© est remĂ©morĂ© sous la forme dâune effigie, câest-Ă -dire dâun corps temporaire fait du tronc dâun arbre spĂ©cial. Dans cet article, jâanalyse comment les notions de corps, tronc, Ăąme et chef sont liĂ©s au concept akuĂŁpĂŒtelĂŒ, par lequel les Kalapalo dĂ©crivent ce processus, qui se traduit habituellement par « honorer » ou « remplacer ». Jâaffirme que les effigies aident au rĂ©tablissement des conditions permettant la reproduction de la parentĂ©, et dĂ©fend lâidĂ©e que la production de la parentĂ© dĂ©pend de la ritualisation des relations dâhostilitĂ© avec dâautres Xinguanos
Non-linear controls influence functions in an aircraft dynamics simulator
In the development and testing of novel structural and controls concepts, such as morphing aircraft wings, appropriate models are needed for proper system characterization. In most instances, available system models do not provide the required additional degrees of freedom for morphing structures but may be modified to some extent to achieve a compatible system. The objective of this study is to apply wind tunnel data collected for an Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV), that implements trailing edge morphing, to create a non-linear dynamics simulator, using well defined rigid body equations of motion, where the aircraft stability derivatives change with control deflection. An analysis of this wind tunnel data, using data extraction algorithms, was performed to determine the reference aerodynamic force and moment coefficients for the aircraft. Further, non-linear influence functions were obtained for each of the aircraft s control surfaces, including the sixteen trailing edge flap segments. These non-linear controls influence functions are applied to the aircraft dynamics to produce deflection-dependent aircraft stability derivatives in a non-linear dynamics simulator. Time domain analysis of the aircraft motion, trajectory, and state histories can be performed using these nonlinear dynamics and may be visualized using a 3-dimensional aircraft model. Linear system models can be extracted to facilitate frequency domain analysis of the system and for control law development. The results of this study are useful in similar projects where trailing edge morphing is employed and will be instrumental in the University of Maryland s continuing study of active wing load control
Grau de acabamento e unidades equivalentes de produção: uma abordagem conceitual e empĂrica
This paper focuses on how to determine the finishing level used in calculating the equivalent production units in the continuous process costing system. The hypothesis was established that cost accounting theory does not offer an objective solution for the calculation of the finishing level and, consequently, enterprises do not adopt the fundamental theoretical concepts about the inventory evaluation of goods in process and finished goods in continuous production industries. A collection of classic cost accounting works was revisedÂč , which revealed that there does not exist any objective indication about how to measure the finishing level. In this paper, a method for finishing level measurement is presented and an exploratory study is developed, which aims at obtaining practical knowledge about the reality of the enterprises in relation to the subject discussed in this paper. The bibliographical and empirical researches indicate the validity of the hypothesis established.Este artigo tem como objeto de estudo o problema da determinação do grau de acabamento utilizado no processo de cĂĄlculo das unidades equivalentes de produção no sistema de custeio por processo contĂnuo. Foi estabelecida a hipĂłtese que a teoria da contabilidade de custos nĂŁo oferece uma solução objetiva para o cĂĄlculo do grau de acabamento e, dessa forma, as empresas nĂŁo adotam os conceitos teĂłricos fundamentais definidos pela teoria, no que diz respeito Ă valorização do estoque de produtos em processo e valorização dos produtos acabados em indĂșstriais de produção contĂnua A revisĂŁo da literatura, considerando-se um grupo de obras de autores clĂĄssicos da contabilidade de custos, constatou que nĂŁo existe indicação objetiva da forma de cĂĄlculo do grau de acabamento. Este trabalho apresenta um mĂ©todo para cĂĄlculo do grau de acabamento e um estudo exploratĂłrio desenvolvido com a finalidade de se obter um conhecimento pragmĂĄtico sobre a realidade das empresas quanto ao tema em questĂŁo. As pesquisas bibliogrĂĄfica e empĂrica indicam a validade da hipĂłtese estabelecida
New method to assess manual lymph drainage using lymphoscintigraphy
The aim of this study was to describe a new variation of thetechnique to evaluate lymph drainage utilizing lymphoscintigraphy.A LS scan marks the route of lymphatic vessels andmay be used to assess both manual lymph drainage and lymphdrainage after using some apparatuses. This evaluation may bedynamic, collecting images whilst performing lymph drainage orstatic, with scans before and after the lymph drainage procedure.The aim of this study was to describe a new variation of thetechnique to evaluate lymph drainage utilizing lymphoscintigraphy.A LS scan marks the route of lymphatic vessels andmay be used to assess both manual lymph drainage and lymphdrainage after using some apparatuses. This evaluation may bedynamic, collecting images whilst performing lymph drainage orstatic, with scans before and after the lymph drainage procedure
Flight Testing of Novel Compliant Spines for Passive Wing Morphing on Ornithopters
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are proliferating in both the civil and military markets. Flapping wing UAVs, or ornithopters, have the potential to combine the agility and maneuverability of rotary wing aircraft with excellent performance in low Reynolds number flight regimes. The purpose of this paper is to present new free flight experimental results for an ornithopter equipped with one degree of freedom (1DOF) compliant spines that were designed and optimized in terms of mass, maximum von-Mises stress, and desired wing bending deflections. The spines were inserted in an experimental ornithopter wing spar in order to achieve a set of desired kinematics during the up and down strokes of a flapping cycle. The ornithopter was flown at Wright Patterson Air Force Base in the Air Force Research Laboratory Small Unmanned Air Systems (SUAS) indoor flight facility. Vicon motion tracking cameras were used to track the motion of the vehicle for five different wing configurations. The effect of the presence of the compliant spine on wing kinematics and leading edge spar deflection during flight is presented. Results show that the ornithopter with the compliant spine inserted in its wing reduced the body acceleration during the upstroke which translates into overall lift gains
SobrevivĂȘncia de pacientes adultos com Aids em hospital de referĂȘncia no Nordeste brasileiro
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of sociodemographic, clinical, and epidemiological factors in AIDS patients survival in a reference hospital. METHODS: A sample of 502 adult AIDS patients out of 1,494 AIDS cases registered in a hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil, was investigated between 1986 and 1998. Sixteen cases were excluded due to death at the moment of the AIDS diagnosis and 486 were analyzed in the study. Socioeconomic and clinical epidemiological were the variables studied. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Three hundred and sixty two out of the 486 patients studied took at least one antiretroviral drug and their survival was ten times longer than those who did not take any drug (746 and 79 days, respectively, pOBJETIVO: Avaliar, em um hospital de referĂȘncia, a influĂȘncia de fatores sociodemogrĂĄficos e clĂnico-epidemiolĂłgicos na sobrevivĂȘncia de pacientes com Aids. MĂTODOS:Foi estudada uma amostra de 486 adultos com Aids atendidos em hospital de referĂȘncia no CearĂĄ, entre 1986 e 1998. Foram avaliadas as variĂĄveis socioeconĂŽmicas e clĂnico-epidemiolĂłgicas. A anĂĄlise foi realizada pelo mĂ©todo Kaplan-Meier e por regressĂŁo de Cox. RESULTADOS: Dos 486 pacientes estudados, 362 utilizaram pelo menos uma droga anti-retroviral e tiveram sobrevida dez vezes maior que os que nĂŁo a utilizaram (746 e 79 dias, respectivamente;
Sequential closure of the abdominal wall with continuous fascia traction (using mesh or suture) and negative pressure therapy
The last decade was marked by a multiplication in the number of publications on (and usage of) the concept of damage control laparotomy, resulting in a growing number of patients left with an open abdomen (or peritoneostomy). Gigantic hernias are among the dreaded consequences of damage control and the impossibility of closing the abdomen during the initial hospital admission. To minimize this sequela, the literature has proposed many different strategies. In order to explore this topic, the Evidence-based Telemedicine - Trauma & Acute Care Surgery (EBT -TACS) conducted a literature review and critically appraised the most relevant articles on the topic. No commercially available systems for the closure of peritoneostomies were analyzed, except for negative pressure therapy. Three relevant and recently published studies on the sequential closure of the abdominal wall (with mesh or sutures) plus negative pressure therapy were appraised. For this appraisal 2 retrospective and one prospective study were included. The EBT-TACS meeting was attended by representatives of 6 Universities and following recommendations were generated: (1) the association of negative pressure therapy and continuous fascia traction with mesh or suture and adjusted periodically appears to be a viable surgical strategy to treat peritoneostomies. (2) the primary dynamic abdominal closure with sutures or mesh appears to be more efficient and economically sound than leaving the patient with a gigantic hernia to undergo complex repair at a later date. New studies including larger number of patients classified according to their different presentations and diseases are needed to better define the best surgical treatment for patients with peritoneostomies.Na Ășltima dĂ©cada multiplicaram-se as publicaçÔes e a utilização da cirurgia de controle de danos, resultando num nĂșmero crescente de pacientes deixados com o abdome aberto (ou peritoneostomia). Uma das consequĂȘncias nefastas do abdome aberto sĂŁo as hĂ©rnias ventrais gigantes que resultam da impossibilidade de se fechar o abdome durante a internação hospitalar do paciente. Para minimizar esta sequela tĂȘm surgido na literatura diferentes tipos de abordagem. Para abordar este tĂłpico, a reuniĂŁo de revista Telemedicina Baseada em EvidĂȘncia - Cirurgia do Trauma e EmergĂȘncia (TBE-CiTE) optou por nĂŁo analisar sistemas comerciais de fechamento abdominal dinĂąmico, com exceção da terapia de pressĂŁo negativa ou vĂĄcuo. O grupo fez uma avaliação crĂtica dirigida de trĂȘs artigos mais relevantes publicados recentemente sobre fechamento sequencial da parede abdominal (com tela ou sutura) mais vĂĄcuo. Nesta avaliação foram incluĂdos dois estudos retrospectivos mais um estudo prospectivo. Baseados na anĂĄlise crĂtica desses 3 estudos mais a discussĂŁo que contou com a participação de representantes de 6 Universidades e realizada via telemedicina, sĂŁo feitas as seguintes recomendaçÔes: (1) a associação de terapia de pressĂŁo negativa com tração fascial constante mediada por tela ou sutura, ajustada periodicamente, parece ser uma Ăłtima estratĂ©gia cirĂșrgica para o tratamento de peritoneostomias. (2) O fechamento abdominal primĂĄrio dinĂąmico com sutura e mediada por tela parece ser mais econĂŽmico e eficiente do que deixar o paciente com uma hĂ©rnia gigante e planejar uma reconstrução complexa tardiamente. Novos estudos com grupos maiores de pacientes separados de acordo com as diferentes apresentaçÔes e doenças sĂŁo necesĂĄrios para definir qual o melhor mĂ©todo cirĂșrgico para o tratamento de peritoneostomias.858
Mutation Frequency of the Major Frontotemporal Dementia Genes, MAPT, GRN and C9ORF72 in a Turkish Cohort of Dementia Patients
âMicrotubule-associated protein tauâ (MAPT), âgranulinâ (GRN) and âchromosome 9 open reading frame72â (C9ORF72) gene mutations are the major known genetic causes of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Recent studies suggest that mutations in these genes may also be associated with other forms of dementia. Therefore we investigated whether MAPT, GRN and C9ORF72 gene mutations are major contributors to dementia in a random, unselected Turkish cohort of dementia patients. A combination of whole-exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing and fragment analysis/Southern blot was performed in order to identify pathogenic mutations and novel variants in these genes as well as other FTD-related genes such as the âcharged multivesicular body protein 2Bâ (CHMP2B), the âFUS RNA binding proteinâ (FUS), the âTAR DNA binding proteinâ (TARDBP), the âsequestosome1â (SQSTM1), and the âvalosin containing proteinâ (VCP). We determined one pathogenic MAPT mutation (c.1906C>T, p.P636L) and one novel missense variant (c.38A>G, p.D13G). In GRN we identified a probably pathogenic TGAG deletion in the splice donor site of exon 6. Three patients were found to carry the GGGGCC expansions in the non-coding region of the C9ORF72 gene. In summary, a complete screening for mutations in MAPT, GRN and C9ORF72 genes revealed a frequency of 5.4% of pathogenic mutations in a random cohort of 93 Turkish index patients with dementia
- âŠ