Evaluating Pillar Industry's Transformation Capability: A Case Study of Two Chinese Steel-Based Cities.

Many steel-based cities in China were established between the 1950s and 1960s. After more than half a century of development and boom, these cities are starting to decline and industrial transformation is urgently needed. This paper focuses on evaluating the transformation capability of resource-based cities building an evaluation model. Using Text Mining and the Document Explorer technique as a way of extracting text features, the 200 most frequently used words are derived from 100 publications related to steel- and other resource-based cities. The Expert Evaluation Method (EEM) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques are then applied to select 53 indicators, determine their weights and establish an index system for evaluating the transformation capability of the pillar industry of China's steel-based cities. Using real data and expert reviews, the improved Fuzzy Relation Matrix (FRM) method is applied to two case studies in China, namely Panzhihua and Daye, and the evaluation model is developed using Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE). The cities' abilities to carry out industrial transformation are evaluated with concerns expressed for the case of Daye. The findings have policy implications for the potential and required industrial transformation in the two selected cities and other resource-based towns

Does administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug determine morphological changes in adrenal cortex: ultrastructural studies

Rofecoxib (Vioxx© made by Merck Sharp & Dohme, the USA) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which belongs to the group of selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenasis-2, i.e., coxibs. Rofecoxib was first registered in the USA, in May 1999. Since then the drug was received by millions of patients. Drugs of this group were expected to exhibit increased therapeutic action. Additionally, there were expectations concerning possibilities of their application, at least as auxiliary drugs, in neoplastic therpy due to intensifying of apoptosis. In connection with the withdrawal of Vioxx© (rofecoxib) from pharmaceutical market, attempts were made to conduct electron-microscopic evaluation of cortical part of the adrenal gland in preparations obtained from animals under influence of the drug. Every morning animals from the experimental group (15 rats) received rofecoxib (suspension in physiological saline)—non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (Vioxx©, Merck Sharp and Dohme, the USA), through an intragastric tube in the dose of 1.25 mg during 8 weeks. In the evaluated material, there was found a greater number of secretory vacuoles and large, containing cholesterol and other lipids as well as generated glucocorticoids, lipid drops in cytoplasm containing prominent endoplasmic reticulum. There were also found cells with cytoplasm of smaller density—especially in apical and basal parts of cells. Mitochondria occasionally demonstrated features of delicate swelling. The observed changes, which occurred on cellular level with application of large doses of the drug, result from mobilization of adaptation mechanisms of the organism

Pollen dispersal of tropical trees (Dinizia excelsa: Fabaceae) by native insects and African honeybees in pristine and fragmented Amazonian rainforest.

Tropical rainforest trees typically occur in low population densities and rely on animals for cross-pollination. It is of conservation interest therefore to understand how rainforest fragmentation may alter the pollination and breeding structure of remnant trees. Previous studies of the Amazonian tree Dinizia excelsa (Fabaceae) found African honeybees ( Apis mellifera scutellata ) as the predominant pollinators of trees in highly disturbed habitats, transporting pollen up to 3.2 km between pasture trees. Here, using microsatellite genotypes of seed arrays, we compare outcrossing rates and pollen dispersal distances of (i) remnant D. excelsa in three large ranches, and (ii) a population in undisturbed forest in which African honeybees were absent. Self-fertilization was more frequent in the disturbed habitats (14%, n = 277 seeds from 12 mothers) than in undisturbed forest (10%, n = 295 seeds from 13 mothers). Pollen dispersal was extensive in all three ranches compared to undisturbed forest, however. Using a TWOGENER analysis, we estimated a mean pollen dispersal distance of 1509 m in Colosso ranch, assuming an exponential dispersal function, and 212 m in undisturbed forest. The low effective density of D. excelsa in undisturbed forest ( ~ 0.1 trees/ha) indicates that large areas of rainforest must be preserved to maintain minimum viable populations. Our results also suggest, however, that in highly disturbed habitats Apis mellifera may expand genetic neighbourhood areas, thereby linking fragmented and continuous forest populations.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83310/1/Dick2003.pd

Golfresenärers förväntningar kontra upplevelser av sin golfresa

Resenärernas förväntningar inför sin resa har en stor inverkan på hur de upplever den. Syftet med denna undersökning är att utreda vilka faktorer som bidrar till att forma Deturs golfresenärers förväntningar inför sin resa och om deras upplevelse av resan motsvarar dessa förväntningar. Undersökningen utreder även resenärernas upplevelsenivå av resan samt kundnöjdheten. Undersökningen görs i form av en elektronisk enkät, som Detur skickade åt de golfresenärer som åkt på en golfresa under april och maj 2016. Resultaten av undersökningen analyseras med hjälp av Excel och statistikprogrammet SPSS och jämförs sedan med den teoretiska referensramen. Den teoretiska referensramen består av teorier över resenärens köpbeslut och förväntningar, förväntningar över resans kvalitet, kundnöjdhet samt om upplevelsens olika nivåer i form av upplevelsepyramiden av Lapin elämysteollisuuden osaamiskeskus. Enkätens resultat visar att de viktigaste faktorerna som resenärerna förväntar sig av resan är destinationens golfmöjligheter, att få en avkoppling ur vardagen samt Deturs rykte, dvs. att Detur förväntas leverera en professionell service som researrangör. Majoriteten av respondenterna har även varit på Deturs golfresor tidigare, vilket betyder att de har vissa förväntningar över hur resan skall se ut. Resultaten visar även att Detur har långt lyckats med att uppfylla resenärernas förväntningar under resan. Dessutom har Detur lyckats erbjuda en resa med ett utmärkt pris-kvalitet förhållande. På basen av resultaten kommer resenärerna även högt upp i upplevelsepyramiden.Matkustajien odotuksilla ennen matkaa on suuri vaikutus siihen, miten he kokevat matkansa. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoitus on selvittää tekijöitä, jotka vaikuttavat Deturin golfmatkustajien odotuksiin golfmatkaansa kohtaan, sekä miten heidän kokemuksensa matkasta vastaavat näihin odotuksiin. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan myös matkustajien elämyksen tasoa sekä asiakastyytyväisyyttä. Kysely suoritetaan sähköisenä kyselylomakkeena, jonka Detur lähetetti golf matkustajille, jotka lähtivät golfmatkalle huhti- ja toukokuussa 2016. Tutkimuksen tulokset analysoidaan Excel ja SPSS ohjelmilla, jonka jälkeen niitä verrataan teoreettiseen viitekehykseen. Teoreettinen viitekehys koostuu teorioihin matkustajan ostopäätöksestä ja odotuksista, odotuksista matkan laatuun, asiakastyytyväisyyteen, sekä kokemuksen eri tasoista elämyskolmion muodossa, jonka on laatinut Lapin elämysteollisuuden osaamiskeskus. Kyselyn tulokset osoittavat, että tärkeimmät tekijät jotka matkustajat odottavat matkaltaan ovat matkakohteen golf mahdollisuudet, saada irtiotto arjesta sekä Deturin maine golfmatkojen järjestäjänä, eli Deturin odotetaan antavan ammattitaitoista palvelua matkanjärjestäjänä. Suurin osa vastaajista ovat olleet Deturin golf matkoilla ennen, mikä tarkoittaa sitä, että heillä on jo tiettyjä odotuksia siitä, miltä matka näyttäisi. Tulokset osoittavat, että Detur on yleisesti katsoen onnistunut hyvin täyttämään matkustajien odotukset matkan aikana. Lisäksi Detur onnistui tarjoamaan matkan, jolla on erinomainen hinta-laatu-suhde ja matkustajat pääsivät myös korkealle tasolle elämyskolmiossa.Travelers’ expectations greatly influence how they perceive their trip. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that contribute to shaping Detur’s golf travelers’ expectations before their golftrip and if their experience of their trip meet these expectations. The study also examines travelers' experience level of the trip, as well as customer satisfaction. The survey is conducted in the form of an electronic questionnaire, which Detur sends to their golf travelers who experience a golf trip in April and May 2016. The survey results are analysed with Excel and SPSS, and then compared with the theoretical framework. The theoretical framework consists of theories about travelers’ buying decisions and expectations, expectations of the trip’s quality, customer satisfaction, and the levels of an experience in the form of the ‘’experience pyramid’’ by Lapin elämysteollisuuden osaamiskeskus. The results of the questionnaire show that the main factors golftravelers expect of their trip are the destinations’ golf opportunities, enjoying a relaxing holiday that differs from their everyday life and Detur’s reputation, which means that Detur is expected to deliver professional services as a tour operator. The majority of the respondents being recurring customers on Detur’s golf trips, means that they already have certain expectations about how the trip would look like. The results show that Detur has in general managed to meet the travelers' expectations with their golftrips. According to the results Detur manages to offer golf trips with an excellent pricequality ratio, which also contributes to the travelers’ experience ranking high in the ‘’experience pyramid’’