An Introduction to the How and Why of API

The focus of this session is to provide and introduction to the code behind application programming interfaces (APIs). Have you ever listened to a presentation and thought, “That is a great idea!” but feel a little lost when the word API is tossed into the mix? I want to remove some of the mystery and encourage you to try out a little coding. We will start by looking at the languages and data formats that are frequently used as well as what tools can be used, then we will move on to a couple of code examples that are relevant to those working with IRs

Descriptive Anatomy and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Skull of the Early Tetrapod Acanthostega gunnari Jarvik, 1952

The early tetrapod Acanthostega gunnari is an iconic fossil taxon exhibiting skeletal morphology reflecting the transition of vertebrates from water onto land. Computed tomography data of two Acanthostega skulls was segmented using visualization software to digitally separate bone from matrix and individual bones of the skull from each other. A revised description of cranial and lower jaw anatomy in this taxon based on CT data includes new details of sutural morphology, the previously undescribed quadrate and articular bones, and the mandibular symphysis. Sutural morphology is used to infer loading regime in the skull during feeding, and suggests Acanthostega used its anterior jaws to initially seize prey while smaller posterior teeth were used to restrain struggling prey during ingestion. Novel methods were used to repair and retrodeform the skull, resulting in a three-dimensional digital reconstruction that features a longer postorbital region and more strongly hooked anterior lower jaw than previous attempts while supporting the presence of a midline gap between the nasals and median rostrals

Diagonal resolutions for metacyclic groups

We show the finite metacyclic groups G(p, q) admit a class of projective resolutions which are periodic of period 2q and which in addition possess the properties that a) the differentials are 2×2 diagonal matrices; b) the Swan-Wall finiteness obstruction (cf [21], [22]) vanishes. We obtain thereby a purely algebraic proof of Petrie’s Theorem ([16]) that G(p, q) has free period 2q

The Nuclear Arsenal of Cilia

Several recent studies have revealed that nuclei and cilia share molecular components implicated in DNA damage response, splicing, gene expression, and sub-compartmentalization of the cell. We review evidence that exchange of components between the nucleus and cilia is facilitated by the centrosome, which contributes both to the mitotic apparatus of the nucleus and to the cilia structure. Moreover, the centrosome and the pericentriolar material form condensates that share components with stress granules and P-bodies, membrane-less organelles enriched in RNA and RNA-processing proteins. These features may largely explain the origin of similar molecular mechanisms in nuclei and cilia

Exact properties of Frobenius numbers and fraction of the symmetric semigroups in the weak limit for n=3

We generalize and prove a hypothesis by V. Arnold on the parity of Frobenius number. For the case of symmetric semigroups with three generators of Frobenius numbers we found an exact formula, which in a sense is the sum of two Sylvester's formulaes. We prove that the fraction of the symmetric semigroups is vanishing in the weak limit

Eotaxin: a potent eosinophil chemoattractant cytokine detected in a guinea pig model of allergic airways inflammation.

Eosinophil accumulation is a prominent feature of allergic inflammatory reactions, such as those occurring in the lung of the allergic asthmatic, but the endogenous chemoattractants involved have not been identified. We have investigated this in an established model of allergic inflammation, using in vivo systems both to generate and assay relevant activity. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was taken from sensitized guinea pigs at intervals after aerosol challenge with ovalbumin. BAL fluid was injected intradermally in unsensitized assay guinea pigs and the accumulation of intravenously injected 111In-eosinophils was measured. Activity was detected at 30 min after allergen challenge, peaking from 3 to 6 h and declining to low levels by 24 h. 3-h BAL fluid was purified using high performance liquid chromatography techniques in conjunction with the skin assay. Microsequencing revealed a novel protein from the C-C branch of the platelet factor 4 superfamily of chemotactic cytokines. The protein, eotaxin, exhibits homology of 53% with human MCP-1, 44% with guinea pig MCP-1, 31% with human MIP-1α, and 26% with human RANTES. Laser desorption time of flight mass analysis gave four different signals (8.15, 8.38, 8.81, and 9.03 kD), probably reflecting differential O-glycosylation. Eotaxin was highly potent, inducing substantial 111In-eosinophil accumulation at a 1-2-pmol dose in the skin, but did not induce significant 111In-neutrophil accumulation. Eotaxin was a potent stimulator of both guinea pig and human eosinophils in vitro. Human recombinant RANTES, MIP-1α, and MCP-1 were all inactive in inducing 111In-eosinophil accumulation in guinea pig skin; however, evidence was obtained that eotaxin shares a binding site with RANTES on guinea pig eosinophils. This is the first description of a potent eosinophil chemoattractant cytokine generated in vivo and suggests the possibility that similar molecules may be important in the human asthmatic lung

A review of the characteristics and treatment progress of 45 pregnant opiate addicts attending the Irish National Drug Advisory and Treatment Centre over a two year period.

The increase in the number of patients presenting to the National Drug Advisory and Treatment Centre addicted to opiates has been accompanied by an increase in the number of pregnant opiate addicts attending for treatment. Studies published in January 1982 referred to the emergence of maternal addiction as a serious problem in Ireland. Since then the escalation of this specific problem has continued and a programme designed to meet the needs of the pregnant addict was initiated at the clinic. This paper reviews the characteristics and treatment progress of 45 opiate addicts who were referred to the clinic over a two year period

Communities` attitudes towards conservation in Gashakagumti National Park Nigeria

This study assessed the attitudes of communities around GashakaGumti National Park towards conservation. It also investigated factors that influence these conservation attitudes. Data were obtained through structured questionnaire which covered demographic characteristics, perceived benefits and  challenges derived from the park and responses to attitudinal statements. Data were subjected to  descriptive and inferential analysis. The result indicated that 79.3% of the respondents had a positive  attitude towards conservation on GashakaGumti National Park. Perceived benefits derived from the Park  included construction of classrooms, roads, medical centre, employment opportunity, improved  economy through tourist inflow while perceived challenges included destruction of farm produce by wild  animals and lack of access to fodder for livestock. 78.9% of the respondents were willing to be involved in community based projects planning and execution. 94.7% accepted and supported community  development projects. 100% supported the continued existence of the park. The positive conservation  attitude of the respondents might be attributed to the perceived economic benefits derived from the park and the communities` willingness to be involved in  community based projects. Result of the chi square and correlation analysis indicated gender, occupation, level of education, perceived benefits and distance from the park had significant relationship with attitude towards conservation in GashakaGumti National Park. The authorities of the park should not relent in their effort in maintaining their peaceful co existence with the surrounding communities but ensure consolidation of this feat. The park management should look into the issues  considered as challenges by communities to avert conflict, animosity and breeding of negative conservation attitudes. It is also recommended that attitudinal  studies should be conducted periodically and incorporated into National Park Service Management Plan.Key words: Attitudes, Conservation, Benefits, GashakaGumti National Par