Influence of a Concurrent Exercise Training Intervention during Pregnancy on Maternal and Arterial and Venous Cord Serum Cytokines: The GESTAFIT Project

The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of a supervised concurrent exercise-training program, from the 17th gestational week until delivery, on cytokines in maternal (at 17th and 35th gestational week, and at delivery) and arterial and venous cord serum. Fifty-eight Caucasian pregnant women (age: 33.5 +/- 4.7 years old, body mass index: 23.6 +/- 4.1kg/m(2)) from the GESTAFIT Project (exercise (n = 37) and control (n = 21) groups) participated in this quasi-experimental study (per-protocol basis). The exercise group followed a 60-min 3 days/week concurrent (aerobic-resistance) exercise-training from the 17th gestational week to delivery. Maternal and arterial and venous cord serum cytokines (fractalkine, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha) were assessed using Luminex xMAP technology. In maternal serum (after adjusting for the baseline values of cytokines), the exercise group decreased TNF-alpha (from baseline to 35th week, p = 0.02), and increased less IL-1 beta (from baseline to delivery, p = 0.03) concentrations than controls. When adjusting for other potential confounders, these differences became non-significant. In cord blood, the exercise group showed reduced arterial IL-6 and venous TNF-alpha (p = 0.03 and p = 0.001, respectively) and higher concentrations of arterial IL-1 beta (p = 0.03) compared to controls. The application of concurrent exercise-training programs could be a strategy to modulate immune responses in pregnant women and their fetuses. However, future research is needed to better understand the origin and clearance of these cytokines, their role in the maternal-placental-fetus crosstalk, and the influence of exercise interventions on them

Trasplantes amigdalares embrionarios en ratas adultas con lesiones de la corteza motora: análisis molecular y electrofisiológico

Transplants of embryonic nervous tissue ameliorate motor deficits induced by motor cortex lesions in adult animals. Restoration of lost brain functions has been recently shown in grafts of homotopic cortical origin, to be associated with a functional integration of the transplant after development of reciprocal host-graft connections. Nevertheless little is known about physiological properties or gene expression profiles of cortical implants with functional restorative capacity but no cortical origin. In this study, we show molecular and electrophysiological evidence supporting the functional development and integration of heterotopic transplants of embryonic amygdalar tissue placed into pre-lesioned motor cortex of adult rats. Grafts were analyzed 3 months post-transplantation

Living landscapes and sound ontologies in Altai (Siberia, Russia): the European Artsoundscapes project (ERC ref. 787842) and the challenge of the intangible context of rock art

En este artículo explicamos varios de los avances obtenidos en el proyecto del ERC Artsoundscapes. Comenzamos encuadrando la arqueoacústica en la evolución del pensamiento arqueológico de estas últimas décadas y en concreto en la importancia del estudio de los sentidos en arqueología. Como explicamos en el trabajo, para el desarrollo de esta subdisciplina el diseño de una metodología rigurosa e interdisciplinar ha constituido una de las principales preocupaciones. Nuestro trabajo de campo en Altai sirve para ejemplificar cómo hemos llevado a cabo nuestro cometido en la práctica. En esta área el arte rupestre, con una cronología de principios del III milenio aproximadamente a mitad del I milenio de nuestra era, con añadidos esporádicos posteriores, se concentra en algunos lugares hoy denominados santuarios. Los destacables datos obtenidos para claridad del habla y musical se consideran dentro del marco ontológico de las poblaciones indígenas de Altai, quienes mantienen que la dimensión acústica es un factor importante en la relación entre los seres humanos y los paisajes que habitan

Condiciones laborales, empleabilidad sostenible y determinantes sociales de la salud. Análisis de la incidencia del estilo de vida y dos programas de actividad física y salud en el trabajo sobre la productividad y el bienestar de trabajadores en puestos de trabajo físicamente inactivos

156 p.El presente informe de investigación muestra los resultados más relevantes obtenidos tras la realización del programa de investigación llevado a cabo en el marco del proyecto titulado ?Organización e influencia de un programa de ejercicio físico supervisado sobre la salud y la productividad de profesionales sedentarios de los centros de trabajo españoles? (Ref.: DEP2016-77790-R) financiado por el Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad dentro del Programa Estatal de I+D+i Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad (2013-2016). La mayor parte de los miembros del equipo de investigación que ha participado en este proyecto ha orientado su línea de investigación hacia la investigación social y organizativa en la actividad física y el deporte, especialmente en los colectivos más discriminados para dicha práctica. Durante los últimos años, la colaboración interuniversitaria en materia de investigación ha posibilitado alcanzar de los logros más importantes del grupo. En primer lugar, en el marco de la línea de investigación en Gerontología de la Actividad Física y del Deporte iniciada en 2002, primero desde el Departamento de Educación y posteriormente desde los Departamentos de psicopedagogía y educación física y desde el actual departamento de ciencias biomédicas de la Universidad de Alcalá, en colaboración estrecha con la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, se diseñó y validó la primera escala motivacional específica de actividad física y personas mayores. Pues bien, dentro de esta etapa, en 2005, con la creación del Grupo de Investigación Psicosocial y Técnicas Aplicadas en el Deporte (hoy, grupo de Investigación Psicosocial en el Deporte) de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid y la estrecha colaboración investigadora que se ha mantenido con el Grupo de Investigación en Gestión y Entrenamiento Deportivo de la Universidad de Alcalá, hemos podido avanzar y alcanzar en equipo diversos logros científicos a través de numerosas publicaciones científicas indexadas. Fruto de esta colaboración, otro de los logros alcanzados se materializó en el establecimiento de una significativa relación entre la práctica de actividad física de las personas mayores y la recomendación médica de ejercicio físico, el apoyo social, el estatus socioeconómico y otras variables analizadas. Asimismo, y de manera reciente, se identificaron las principales barreras y motivaciones de actividad física de las personas adultas y mayores. Los intereses y objetivos científico-técnicos desde el medio plazo de nuestra línea de investigación en conjunto reside en el estudio de las demandas y barreras a la actividad física en los grupos sociales con mayor desigualdad en el acceso a la salud y los determinantes de la salud (individuales y sociales) proporcionados por la actividad física. Para dar continuidad a esta línea de investigación, el Grupo de Investigación Psicosocial en el Deporte de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, dentro de la línea de investigación en ?Organización de la actividad física y del deporte?, inició su investigación sobre el objeto de estudio en organización de programas de ejercicio físico en las empresas con la intención de acumular evidencia empírica a este campo de conocimiento. El proyecto que engloba esta línea de investigación, titularizado por la Universidad de Alcalá, supone dar continuidad al trabajo que se inició entonces, y del que forman parte hoy investigadores e investigadoras de tres universidades y dos grupos de investigación distintos en la identificación de los mencionados grupos sociales para establecer sus demandas, barreras y hábitos, y justificar así la posterior aplicación en políticas, acciones, programas y procesos que reduzcan específicamente la desigualdad en el acceso a la práctica de actividad física y sus beneficios individuales y sociales que le son propios (primero fueron las personas mayores, luego las mujeres adultas y, ahora, a través del proyecto que presentamos, las personas que trabajan en las empresas).Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitivida

Intranasal Administration of Undifferentiated Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells as a Potential Approach to Deliver Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells into Brain

Oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) migration is a mechanism involved in remyelination; these cells migrate from niches in the adult CNS. However, age and disease reduce the pool of OPCs; as a result, the remyelination capacity of the CNS decreases over time. Several experimental studies have introduced OPCs to the brain via direct injection or intrathecal administration. In this study, we used the nose-to brain pathway to deliver oligodendrocyte lineage cells (human oligodendroglioma (HOG) cells), which behave similarly to OPCs in vitro. To this end, we administered GFP-labelled HOG cells intranasally to experimental animals, which were subsequently euthanised at 30 or 60 days. Our results show that the intranasal route is a viable route to the CNS and that HOG cells administered intranasally migrate preferentially to niches of OPCs (clusters created during embryonic development and adult life). Our study provides evidence, albeit limited, that HOG cells either form clusters or adhere to clusters of OPCs in the brains of experimental animals

Examining the immune signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and the impact on neurodevelopment: Protocol of the SIGNATURE longitudinal study.

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a valuable opportunity to carry out cohort studies that allow us to advance our knowledge on pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric diseases. One of these opportunities is the study of the relationships between inflammation, brain development and an increased risk of suffering neuropsychiatric disorders. Based on the hypothesis that neuroinflammation during early stages of life is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and confers a greater risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, we propose a cohort study of SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women and their newborns. The main objective of SIGNATURE project is to explore how the presence of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection and other non-infectious stressors generates an abnormal inflammatory activity in the newborn. The cohort of women during the COVID-19 pandemic will be psychological and biological monitored during their pregnancy, delivery, childbirth and postpartum. The biological information of the umbilical cord (foetus blood) and peripheral blood from the mother will be obtained after childbirth. These samples and the clinical characterisation of the cohort of mothers and newborns, are tremendously valuable at this time. This is a protocol report and no analyses have been conducted yet, being currently at, our study is in the recruitment process step. At the time of this publication, we have identified 1,060 SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers and all have already given birth. From the total of identified mothers, we have recruited 537 SARS-COV-2 infected women and all of them have completed the mental health assessment during pregnancy. We have collected biological samples from 119 mothers and babies. Additionally, we have recruited 390 non-infected pregnant women

Variación estacional de la condición nutricional larvaria del boquerón (Engraulis encrasicolus) en el estuario del Guadalquivir

European anchovy recruitment to the Guadalquivir estuary mainly occurs when the environmental conditions show more stability. Unusual changes in the environmental conditions of this estuary negatively impacted on key preys of anchovy and therefore on its nursery function. In this way, nutritional condition should determine strongly the physiological state of this species in estuaries and thus its survival and recruitment. RNA:DNA ratio has been applied with success as indicator of nutritional condition and growth in marine organisms. We study RNA:DNA ratio in anchovies of the coupled system Guadalquivir estuary-coastal influenced area in the Gulf of Cádiz in order to evaluate the condition seasonal variability of this species along this spatial gradient. Spatial differences in the size distribution of anchovy and high values of RNA:DNA in the Guadalquivir estuary compared to its influence coastal area suggest that anchovies migrate to the estuary and they acquire a very good condition. We conclude that RNA:DNA is an useful tool to understand the ecological mechanisms by which the coupled system Guadalquivir estuary-coastal influenced area in the Gulf of Cádiz control the success or failure of the recruitment of this important fishery resource in the region

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]