Skew angle optimization analysis of a permanent magnet synchronous motor for EVs

© 2018 IEEE. In this paper, the skew angle of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for electric vehicles (EVs) is studied. The stability of the output torque of the driving motor is important for the EVs. The influence of skew angle on the Back-electromotive force, cogging torque, and output torque are studied by finite element analysis. The optimum skew angle of the stator slot is analyzed for the prototype. The results show that the proposed PMSM has better comprehensive performance after the optimization of the skew angle

Visualization of vortex motion in FeAs-based BaFe<inf>1.9</inf>Ni <inf>0.1</inf>As<inf>2</inf> single crystal by means of magneto-optical imaging

Superconductivity has been found in newly discovered iron-based compounds. This paper studies the motion of magnetic vortices in BaFe1.9Ni 0.1As2 single crystal by means of the magneto-optical imaging technique. A series of magneto-optical images reflecting magnetic flux distribution at the crystal surface were taken when the crystal was zero-field cooled to 10 K. The behavior of the vortices, including penetration into and expulsion from the single crystal with increasing and decreasing external fields, respectively, is discussed. The motion behavior is similar to that observed in high-Tc superconducting cuprates with strong vortex pinning; however, the flux-front is irregular due to randomly distributed defects in the crystal. © 2011 American Institute of Physics

Study on Microcystis aeruginosa growth in incubator experiments by combination of Logistic and Monod functions

A combination of Logistic and Monod functions was proposed in this paper to study Microcystis aeruginosa growth in incubator experiments. This enables the Microcystis aeruginosa growth dynamics to be better described in incubator experiments and its parameters to be calculated more accurately. This method was justified by the data from the experiment and applied to study the effect of prometryn on Microcystis aeruginosa growth. In the experiment, a different concentrations of prometryn (0, 50, 100 and 200 μg·L−1) were added to the culture medium; the algal cell density, concentrations of orthophosphate (PO43−-P) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) were measured. The results show that Microcystis aeruginosa growth with time can be well described using the Logistic function. The maximum algae densities of Microcystis aeruginosa corresponding to the four prometryn concentrations are 11.7 × 106, 8.1 × 106, 5.6 × 106and 3.0 × 106cells·mL−1, respectively. The derived formula for the specific growth rate, growth rate and inhibition rate using Logistic function agreed reasonably well with the measured data. It was found that variations of consumed nutrients concentrations (PO43−-P and NH4+-N) can also be well described by the Logistic function. A function that describes the relationship between algal densities and consumed nutrient (PO43−-P and NH4+-N) concentrations is also derived from the Logistic function. Combination of Monod and Logistic functions can better describe relationship between specific growth rates and nutrients concentrations compared to the use of Monod function alone. In general, the half saturation coefficient, Kcfor PO43−-P (4.74 × 10−4, 1.99 × 10−3, 5.54 × 10−3and 3.87 × 10−2mg·L−1) and Kcfor NH4+-N (1.80 × 10−3, 5.84 × 10−3, 5.23 × 10−3and 1.06 × 10−2mg·L−1) in Monod function increase with increasing prometryn concentrations, which indicates that the affinity of algae growth to PO43−-P and NH4+-N decrease with increasing prometryn concentrations. In addition, relationships between nutrients concentrations and time can be derived by combining of Monod and Logistic functions, which agree well with the measured data. It is concluded that the combined application of Monod and Logistic functions provides a promising and more robust method of studying algal growth in incubator experiments

Methods of Isolation and Analysis of TREG Immune Infiltrates from Injured and Dystrophic Skeletal Muscle

The immune infiltrate present in acutely injured or dystrophic skeletal muscle has been shown to play an important role in the process of muscle regeneration. Our work has described, for the first time, muscle regulatory T cells (Tregs), a unique population in phenotype and function capable of promoting skeletal muscle repair. Herein, we describe the methods we have optimized to study muscle Tregs, including their isolation from injured muscle, immuno-labeling for analysis/separation by flow cytometry, and measurement of their proliferation status

Impact damage characteristics of carbon fibre metal laminates : experiments and simulation

In this work, the impact response of carbon fibre metal laminates (FMLs) was experimentally and numerically studied with an improved design of the fibre composite lay-up for optimal mechanical properties and damage resistance. Two different stacking sequences (Carall 3–3/2–0.5 and Carall 5–3/2–0.5) were designed and characterised. Damage at relatively low energy impact energies (≤30 J) was investigated using Ultrasonic C-scanning and X–ray Computed Tomography (X-RCT). A 3D finite element model was developed to simulate the impact induced damage in both metal and composite layers using Abaqus/Explicit. Cohesive zone elements were introduced to capture delamination occurring between carbon fibre/epoxy plies and debonding at the interfaces between aluminium and the composite layers. Carall 5–3/2–0.5 was found to absorb more energy elastically, which indicates better resistance to damage. A good agreement is obtained between the numerically predicted results and experimental measurements in terms of force and absorbed energy during impact where the damage modes such as delamination was well simulated when compared to non-destructive techniques (NDT)

Microbiome profiling by Illumina sequencing of combinatorial sequence-tagged PCR products

We developed a low-cost, high-throughput microbiome profiling method that uses combinatorial sequence tags attached to PCR primers that amplify the rRNA V6 region. Amplified PCR products are sequenced using an Illumina paired-end protocol to generate millions of overlapping reads. Combinatorial sequence tagging can be used to examine hundreds of samples with far fewer primers than is required when sequence tags are incorporated at only a single end. The number of reads generated permitted saturating or near-saturating analysis of samples of the vaginal microbiome. The large number of reads al- lowed an in-depth analysis of errors, and we found that PCR-induced errors composed the vast majority of non-organism derived species variants, an ob- servation that has significant implications for sequence clustering of similar high-throughput data. We show that the short reads are sufficient to assign organisms to the genus or species level in most cases. We suggest that this method will be useful for the deep sequencing of any short nucleotide region that is taxonomically informative; these include the V3, V5 regions of the bac- terial 16S rRNA genes and the eukaryotic V9 region that is gaining popularity for sampling protist diversity.Comment: 28 pages, 13 figure

Combinatorial CRISPR-Cas9 screens for de novo mapping of genetic interactions.

We developed a systematic approach to map human genetic networks by combinatorial CRISPR-Cas9 perturbations coupled to robust analysis of growth kinetics. We targeted all pairs of 73 cancer genes with dual guide RNAs in three cell lines, comprising 141,912 tests of interaction. Numerous therapeutically relevant interactions were identified, and these patterns replicated with combinatorial drugs at 75% precision. From these results, we anticipate that cellular context will be critical to synthetic-lethal therapies