Incidence, duration, and determinants of cervical Human Papillomavirus infection in a cohort of Colombian women with normal Cytological results

Q1Q1Data on the incidence and determinants of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women 130 years old are scarce. To address this, a cohort of 1610 women—15–85 years old, HPV negative, and with normal cytological results at baseline—was monitored every 6 months for an average of 4.1 years. Information on risk factors and cervical samples for cytological testing and detection and typing of HPV DNA were obtained at each visit. The incidence of high-risk types was higher than that of low-risk types (5.0 vs. 2.0 cases/100 woman-years). The agespecific incidence curve for high-risk types was bimodal, whereas the incidence of low-risk types gradually decreased with age. Infections with high-risk types lasted longer than infections with low-risk types (14.8 vs. 11.1 months). In this cohort of cytologically normal women, the incidence of cervical HPV infection was high, and the epidemiological profile of high-risk HPV types was different from that of low-risk typeshttp://scienti.colciencias.gov.co:8081/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000266264https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000017647https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001240307Revista Nacional - Indexad

Cervical coinfection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types and possible implications for the prevention of cervical cancer by HPV vaccines

Q1Q1http://scienti.colciencias.gov.co:8081/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000266264https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000017647https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001240307Revista Nacional - Indexad

Neural basis for categorical boundaries in the primate pre-SMA during relative categorization of time intervals

This is the final version. Available on open access from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordPerceptual categorization depends on the assignment of different stimuli to specific groups based, in principle, on the notion of flexible categorical boundaries. To determine the neural basis of categorical boundaries, we record the activity of pre-SMA neurons of monkeys executing an interval categorization task in which the limit between short and long categories changes between blocks of trials within a session. A large population of cells encodes this boundary by reaching a constant peak of activity close to the corresponding subjective limit. Notably, the time at which this peak is reached changes according to the categorical boundary of the current block, predicting the monkeys' categorical decision on a trial-by-trial basis. In addition, pre-SMA cells also represent the category selected by the monkeys and the outcome of the decision. These results suggest that the pre-SMA adaptively encodes subjective duration boundaries between short and long durations and contains crucial neural information to categorize intervals and evaluate the outcome of such perceptual decisions

Variable cardiac responses in rhesus macaque monkeys after discrete mediodorsal thalamus manipulations

This is the final version. Available on open access from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData availability; All data analysed during this study are included in this article.The control of some physiological parameters, such as the heart rate, is known to have a role in cognitive and emotional processes. Cardiac changes are also linked to mental health issues and neurodegeneration. Thus, it is not surprising that many of the brain structures typically associated with cognition and emotion also comprise a circuit-the central automatic network-responsible for the modulation of cardiovascular output. The mediodorsal thalamus (MD) is involved in higher cognitive processes and is also known to be connected to some of the key neural structures that regulate cardiovascular function. However, it is unclear whether the MD has any role in this circuitry. Here, we show that discrete manipulations (microstimulation during anaesthetized functional neuroimaging or localized cytotoxin infusions) to either the magnocellular or the parvocellular MD subdivisions led to observable and variable changes in the heart rate of female and male rhesus macaque monkeys. Considering the central positions that these two MD subdivisions have in frontal cortico-thalamocortical circuits, our findings suggest that MD contributions to autonomic regulation may interact with its identified role in higher cognitive processes, representing an important physiological link between cognition and emotion.Wellcome TrustFWOCost Action Primtrai

Distinct beta frequencies reflect categorical decisions

This is the final version. Available on open access from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData availability: The data generated in this study have been deposited in the OSF database under the accession code (43) https://osf.io/pza56/. The data are publicly available. Source data are provided in this paper.Code availability: The code used to analyze the data supporting the claims of this study is publicly available here https://osf.io/pza56/.Based on prior findings of content-specific beta synchronization in working memory and decision making, we hypothesized that beta oscillations support the (re-)activation of cortical representations by mediating neural ensemble formation. We found that beta activity in monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA) reflects the content of a stimulus in relation to the task context, regardless of its objective properties. In duration- and distance-categorization tasks, we changed the boundary between categories from one block of trials to the next. We found that two distinct beta-band frequencies were consistently associated with the two relative categories, with activity in these bands predicting the animals' responses. We characterized beta at these frequencies as transient bursts, and showed that dlPFC and preSMA are connected via these distinct frequency channels. These results support the role of beta in forming neural ensembles, and further show that such ensembles synchronize at different beta frequencies.Austrian Science Fund (FWF)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)NWO VidiNI

Sleep disturbances in tension-type headache and migraine

Current research into the pathogenesis of tension-type headache (TTH) and migraine is focused on altered nociceptive pain processing. Among the potential factors that influence sensitization mechanisms, emotional stress, depression, or sleep disorders all have an essential role: they increase the excitability of nociceptive firing and trigger hyperalgesic responses. Sleep disturbances and headache disorders share common brain structures and pathogenic mechanisms and TTH, migraine, and sleep disturbances often occur together; for example, 50% of individuals who have either TTH or migraine have insomnia. Moreover, insomnia and poor sleep quality have been associated with a higher frequency and intensity of headache attacks, supporting the notion that severity and prevalence of sleep problems correlate with headache burden. It should be noted that the association between headaches and sleep problems is bidirectional: headache can promote sleep disturbances, and sleep disturbances can also precede or trigger a headache attack. Therefore, a better understanding of the factors that affect sleep quality in TTH and migraine can assist clinicians in determining better and adequate therapeutic programs. In this review, the role of sleep disturbances in headaches, and the association with depression, emotional stress, and pain sensitivity in individuals with TTH or migraine are discussed