Posiedzenie przygotowawcze w świetle nowelizacji Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego z dnia 4 lipca 2019 r.

This article is a scientific and research study, which includes an analysis of new legal regulations regarding a preparatory hearing in civil proceedings in the light of the amendment to the Civil Procedure Code of 4 July 2019. This article aims to discuss the institution of the preparatory hearing and to attempt to answer the questions whether the adopted shape of the regulation may contribute to increasing the efficiency of civil proceedings and why this institution is rarely used in practice. In addition to presenting the legal regulations concerning the institution of the preparatory hearing, some considerations concerning the practical significance of individual regulations and their impact on the course of civil proceedings were also presented, as well as why these regulations are still rarely used in practice. The article deals with national issues, particularly important for law practitioners.Niniejszy artykuł jest opracowaniem o charakterze naukowo-badawczym, w którym zawarta jest analiza nowych regulacji prawnych dotyczących posiedzenia przygotowawczego w postępowaniu cywilnym w świetle nowelizacji Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego z dnia 4 lipca 2019 r. Celem jest omówienie instytucji posiedzenia przygotowawczego oraz próba odpowiedzi na pytania, czy przyjęty kształt regulacji może przyczynić się do zwiększenia sprawności postępowań cywilnych oraz dlaczego instytucja ta jest dość rzadko stosowania w praktyce. Oprócz regulacji prawnych dotyczących instytucji posiedzenia przygotowawczego przedstawiono także rozważania dotyczące znaczenia praktycznego poszczególnych regulacji i ich wpływu na przebieg postępowania cywilnego oraz to, z jakich powodów przepisy te są nadal dość rzadko stosowane w praktyce. Artykuł dotyczy tematyki o zasięgu krajowym, szczególnie istotnej dla praktyków prawa

Vector Sum Excited Linear Prediction (VSELP) speech coding at 4.8 kbps

Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) speech coders exhibit good performance at data rates as low as 4800 bps. The major drawback to CELP type coders is their larger computational requirements. The Vector Sum Excited Linear Prediction (VSELP) speech coder utilizes a codebook with a structure which allows for a very efficient search procedure. Other advantages of the VSELP codebook structure is discussed and a detailed description of a 4.8 kbps VSELP coder is given. This coder is an improved version of the VSELP algorithm, which finished first in the NSA's evaluation of the 4.8 kbps speech coders. The coder uses a subsample resolution single tap long term predictor, a single VSELP excitation codebook, a novel gain quantizer which is robust to channel errors, and a new adaptive pre/postfilter arrangement

Modeling of cortical bone adaptation due to oscillatory loading

Bone is a living tissue which constantly undergoes a complex process of adaptation in response to its biochemical and mechanical environment to optimize its resistance to failure. The bone adaptation due to the mechanical loading is dependent on a combination of different mechanical stimuli such as the magnitude and frequency of the applied load, number of cycles, number of bouts, time between bounds, and other factors. In this presentation we discuss the model of adaptation in cortical bone which employs the finite element stress analysis coupled with an evolution law. The finite element model is generated from microcomputed tomography images of the rat ulna and the stress analysis is carried out using boundary and loading conditions on the rat ulna obtained from the experiments of Robling et al. [1]. Initially, we use an elastic material model and a simple growth law with strain energy density as the mechanical stimulus to simulate the effects of the load magnitude and the number of bouts. Then, we include the effect of load induced fluid flow in cortical bone by modeling bone as a poroelastic material. Our analysis focuses on the growth behavior in a rat ulna due to oscillatory loading. We use the dissipation energy based the mechanical stimulus as the triggering stimulus for adaptation using arguments based on the second law of thermodynamics. In the analysis, we account for the hierarchical structure of bone indirectly. Very good agreement is found with the experiments of Robling et al. [1]. REFERENCE [1] Robling et al. JBMR, 2002, 17, 1545

Applying European Union law by European Union member states

Застосування права Європейського Союзу державами-членами ЄС породило багато проблем. Особливо викликає спори принцип пріоритетного права Європейського Союзу. Законодавство Європейського Союзу, визначене як acquis communautaire, для держав-членів ЄС є обов’язковим. Законодавство Європейського Союзу є автономним порядком, який не залежить від національного права (є частиною цього права, але автономною).Applying European Union law by European Union member states. Applying European Union law by the Member States gives many problems. The principle of primacy of EU law is controversial in a special manner. The EU system of law named the acquis communautaire binds its members. The European Union law is an autonomous legal order independent of international law (which is however part of that law, but stand-alone).Применение права Европейского Союза государствами-членами ЕС порождает множество проблем. Особенно вызывает споры принцип приоритета права Европейского Союза. Законодательство Европейского Союза, определённое как acquis communautaire, для государств-членов ЕС является обязательным. Законодательство Европейского Союза является автономным правопорядком, независимым от национального права (является частью этого права, только частью автономной)

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Truskawiec - dzieje kresowego uzdrowiska na tle różnorodności kulturowej i etnicznej Małopolski Wschodniej

The aim of this article is to present the history of Truskawiec Health Resort, using scientific materials, pre-Second World War newspapers and postcards, coming from the author's collection. Following aspects will be mentioned: the history of the town from the old times to the recent period, biographies of two important characters: Kazimierz Pelczar and Rajmund Jarosz, whose lives were strictly connected with Truskawiec and also famous guests from the country and abroad- being treated or just spending time in the city. Much attention was given to the period between the First and the Second World War.Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zarysu dziejów uzdrowiska Truskawiec, z wykorzystaniem m.in. materiałów naukowych, przedwojennej prasy czy pocztówek pochodzących ze zbiorów własnych. Omówione zostały następujące aspekty: historia miejscowości od dziejów najdawniejszych po czasy współczesne, zarys dwóch wybitnych postaci związanych z Truskawcem – Kazimierza Pelczara i Rajmunda Jarosza– a także sławnych gości tego miejsca. Dużo uwagi poświęcono latom 1918–1939.

Organization of technical rescue operations in the national rescue system

The organization of technical rescue is crucial to carry out an effective rescue operation. Often, this field of rescue is an inseparable element when conducting medical rescue operations, where it is necessary to use highly specialized equipment that is designed to provide access to the injured person and enable members of the Emergency Medical Teams to conduct medical rescue operations, as well as to provide them with qualified first aid by firefighters

On the use of graph neural networks and shape-function-based gradient computation in the deep energy method

A graph neural network (GCN) is employed in the deep energy method (DEM) model to solve the momentum balance equation in 3D for the deformation of linear elastic and hyperelastic materials due to its ability to handle irregular domains over the traditional DEM method based on a multilayer perceptron (MLP) network. Its accuracy and solution time are compared to the DEM model based on a MLP network. We demonstrate that the GCN-based model delivers similar accuracy while having a shorter run time through numerical examples. Two different spatial gradient computation techniques, one based on automatic differentiation (AD) and the other based on shape function (SF) gradients, are also accessed. We provide a simple example to demonstrate the strain localization instability associated with the AD-based gradient computation and show that the instability exists in more general cases by four numerical examples. The SF-based gradient computation is shown to be more robust and delivers an accurate solution even at severe deformations. Therefore, the combination of the GCN-based DEM model and SF-based gradient computation is potentially a promising candidate for solving problems involving severe material and geometric nonlinearities

Congenital toxoplasmosis: potential outcomes and therapeutic challenges - a complex case report of the newborn with treatment-resistant manifestations

Introduction and purpose Toxoplasmosis, a prevalent parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, impacts approximately one-third of the global population. Among congenital infections, Congenital Toxoplasmosis (CT) ranks second only to CMV infection in neonates. The severity of fetal and neonatal clinical manifestations depends on factors such as gestational age during infection, parasite load, infectious strain virulence, and maternal immune status. The organogenesis stage in the second trimester is identified as the critical period (10th-24th gestational weeks). Fetal CT may present with ultrasound-detected abnormalities, including intracranial calcifications, microcephaly, hydrocephalus, ascites, hepatosplenomegaly or severe intrauterine growth restriction. Even in the absence of symptoms at birth, CT can lead to long-term consequences such as hydrocephalus, seizures, and cognitive, auditory, and visual impairments. The aim of this study is to present a clinical case of a patient with CT infection complicated by treatment-resistant hydrocephalus and neurological symptoms, including muscle tone disturbances and seizures.   Conclusion  The significance of screening tests cannot be overstated, as early intervention is crucial to prevent enduring complications. Routine counseling for pregnant women is imperative to raise awareness about Toxoplasma gondii infection, empowering them to adopt necessary preventive measures. Additionally, further research is warranted to assess the efficacy of diverse treatment protocols, the risk of adverse effects, and the effectiveness of emerging therapeutic agents