1,639 research outputs found
Chemical and Physical Charecteristics of Water in Estuaries of Texas, October 1976-September 1978
Report..
The cleavage of biglycan by aggrecanases
SummaryObjectiveAggrecanase-1 [a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4] and aggrecanase-2 (ADAMTS-5) have been named for their ability to degrade the proteoglycan aggrecan. While this may be the preferred substrate for these enzymes, they are also able to degrade other proteins. The aim of this work was to determine whether the aggrecanases could degrade biglycan and decorin.MethodsBiglycan, decorin and aggrecan were purified from human and bovine cartilage and subjected to degradation by recombinant aggrecanase-1 or aggrecanase-2. In vitro degradation was assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE) and immunoblotting, and the cleavage site in biglycan was determined by N-terminal amino acid sequencing. SDS/PAGE and immunoblotting were also used to assess in situ degradation in both normal and arthritic human articular cartilage.ResultsBoth aggrecanase-1 and aggrecanase-2 are able to cleave bovine and human biglycan at a site within their central leucine-rich repeat regions. Cleavage occurs at an asparagine–cysteine bond within the fifth leucine-rich repeat. In contrast, the closely related proteoglycan decorin is not a substrate for the aggrecanases. Analysis of human articular cartilage from osteoarthritic (OA) and rheumatoid arthritic (RA) joints showed that a biglycan degradation product of equivalent size is present in the extracellular matrix. No equivalent degradation product was, however, detectable in normal adult human articular cartilage.ConclusionBiglycan, which is structurally unrelated to aggrecan, can act as a substrate for aggrecanase-1 and aggrecanase-2, and these proteinases may account for at least part of the biglycan degradation that is present in arthritic cartilage
Not throwing out the baby with the bathwater: Bell's condition of local causality mathematically 'sharp and clean'
The starting point of the present paper is Bell's notion of local causality
and his own sharpening of it so as to provide for mathematical formalisation.
Starting with Norsen's (2007, 2009) analysis of this formalisation, it is
subjected to a critique that reveals two crucial aspects that have so far not
been properly taken into account. These are (i) the correct understanding of
the notions of sufficiency, completeness and redundancy involved; and (ii) the
fact that the apparatus settings and measurement outcomes have very different
theoretical roles in the candidate theories under study. Both aspects are not
adequately incorporated in the standard formalisation, and we will therefore do
so. The upshot of our analysis is a more detailed, sharp and clean mathematical
expression of the condition of local causality. A preliminary analysis of the
repercussions of our proposal shows that it is able to locate exactly where and
how the notions of locality and causality are involved in formalising Bell's
condition of local causality.Comment: 14 pages. To be published in PSE volume "Explanation, Prediction, and
Confirmation", edited by Dieks, et a
Pressure and linear heat capacity in the superconducting state of thoriated UBe13
Even well below Tc, the heavy-fermion superconductor (U,Th)Be13 has a large
linear term in its specific heat. We show that under uniaxial pressure, the
linear heat capacity increases in magnitude by more than a factor of two. The
change is reversible and suggests that the linear term is an intrinsic property
of the material. In addition, we find no evidence of hysteresis or of latent
heat in the low-temperature and low-pressure portion of the phase diagram,
showing that all transitions in this region are second order.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity of dilute Bose gas in a random potential
We develop the dilute Bose gas model with random potential in order to
understand the Bose system in random media such as 4He in porous glass. Using
the random potential taking account of the pore size dependence, we can compare
quantitatively the calculated specific heat with the experimental results,
without free parameters. The agreement is excellent at low temperatures, which
justifies our model. The relation between Bose condensation and superfluidity
is discussed. Our model can predict some unobserved phenomena in this system.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Distribution of the area enclosed by a 2D random walk in a disordered medium
The asymptotic probability distribution for a Brownian particle wandering in
a 2D plane with random traps to enclose the algebraic area A by time t is
calculated using the instanton technique.Comment: 4 pages, ReVTeX. Phys. Rev. E (March 1999), to be publishe
25th-order high-temperature expansion results for three-dimensional Ising-like systems on the simple cubic lattice
25th-order high-temperature series are computed for a general
nearest-neighbor three-dimensional Ising model with arbitrary potential on the
simple cubic lattice. In particular, we consider three improved potentials
characterized by suppressed leading scaling corrections. Critical exponents are
extracted from high-temperature series specialized to improved potentials,
obtaining , , ,
, , . Moreover, biased
analyses of the 25th-order series of the standard Ising model provide the
estimate for the exponent associated with the leading scaling
corrections. By the same technique, we study the small-magnetization expansion
of the Helmholtz free energy. The results are then applied to the construction
of parametric representations of the critical equation of state, using a
systematic approach based on a global stationarity condition. Accurate
estimates of several universal amplitude ratios are also presented.Comment: 40 pages, 15 figure
Self-consistent Ornstein-Zernike approximation for three-dimensional spins
An Ornstein-Zernike approximation for the two-body correlation function
embodying thermodynamic consistency is applied to a system of classical
Heisenberg spins on a three-dimensional lattice. The consistency condition
determined in a previous work is supplemented by introducing a simplified
expression for the mean-square fluctuations of the spin on each lattice site.
The thermodynamics and the correlations obtained by this closure are then
compared with approximants based on extrapolation of series expansions and with
Monte Carlo simulations. The comparison reveals that many properties of the
model, including the critical temperature, are very well reproduced by this
simple version of the theory, but that it shows substantial quantitative error
in the critical region, both above the critical temperature and with respect to
its rendering of the spontaneous magnetization curve. A less simple but
conceptually more satisfactory version of the SCOZA is then developed, but not
solved, in which the effects of transverse correlations on the longitudinal
susceptibility is included, yielding a more complete and accurate description
of the spin-wave properties of the model.Comment: 32 pages, 12 figure
Current-density functional for disordered systems
The effective action for the current and density is shown to satisfy an
evolution equation, the functional generalization of Callan-Symanzik equation.
The solution describes the dependence of the one-particle irreducible vertex
functions on the strength of the quenched disorder and the annealed Coulomb
interaction. The result is non-perturbative, no small parameter is assumed. The
a.c. conductivity is obtained by the numerical solution of the evolution
equation on finite lattices in the absence of the Coulomb interaction. The
static limit is performed and the conductivity is found to be vanishing beyond
a certain threshold of the impurity strength.Comment: final version, 28 pages, 17 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Critical Exponents for Nuclear Multifragmentation: dynamical lattice model
We present a dynamical and dissipative lattice model, designed to mimic
nuclear multifragmentation. Monte-Carlo simulations with this model show clear
signature of critical behaviour and reproduce experimentally observed
correlations. In particular, using techniques devised for finite systems, we
could obtain two of its critical exponents, whose values are in agreement with
those of the universality class to which nuclear multifragmentation is supposed
to belong.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Nuclear Physics
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