53 research outputs found
Studies in isoquinoline chemistry
The use of Reissert compounds as intermediates for the synthesis of 1-benzylisoquinolines has been
investigated. An improved method, utilising sodium
hydride, for the generation of the carbanion of
Reissert compounds and subsequent reaction with benzyl
halides has been found and demonstrated to be a
general procedure. This method has been successfully
applied as the key stage in providing a new total synthesis of the alkaloid petaline.
The stereochemistry of the Reissert compound
system has been elucidated by spectroscopic techniques
`In pursuit of the Nazi mind?' the deployment of psychoanalysis in the allied struggle against Germany
This paper discusses how psychoanalytic ideas were brought to bear in the Allied struggle against the Third Reich and explores some of the claims that were made about this endeavour. It shows how a variety of studies of Fascist psychopathology, centred on the concept of superego, were mobilized in military intelligence, post-war planning and policy recommendations for ‘denazification’. Freud's ideas were sometimes championed by particular army doctors and government planners; at other times they were combined with, or displaced by, competing, psychiatric and psychological forms of treatment and diverse studies of the Fascist ‘personality’. This is illustrated through a discussion of the treatment and interpretation of the deputy leader of the Nazi Party, Rudolf Hess, after his arrival in Britain in 1941
Use of SMS texts for facilitating access to online alcohol interventions: a feasibility study
A41 Use of SMS texts for facilitating access to online alcohol interventions: a feasibility study
In: Addiction Science & Clinical Practice 2017, 12(Suppl 1): A4
The Impact of Future Expectations on Adolescent Sexual Risk Behavior
Rates of STIs, HIV, and pregnancy remain high among adolescents in the US, and recent
approaches to reducing sexual risk have shown limited success. Future expectations, or the
extent to which one expects an event to actually occur, may influence sexual risk behavior. This
prospective study uses longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997
(N=3,205 adolescents; 49.8% female) to examine the impact of previously-derived latent
classes of future expectations on sexual risk behavior. Cox regression and latent growth models
were used to determine the effect of future expectations on age at first biological child, number
of sexual partners, and inconsistent contraception use. The results indicate that classes of
future expectations were uniquely associated with each outcome. The latent class reporting
expectations of drinking and being arrested was consistently associated with the greatest risks
of engaging in sexual risk behavior compared with the referent class, which reported
expectations of attending school and little engagement in delinquent behaviors. The class
reporting expectations of attending school and drinking was associated with having greater
numbers of sexual partners and inconsistent contraception use but not with age at first
biological child. The third class, defined by expectations of victimization, was not associated
with any outcome in adjusted models, despite being associated with being younger at the birth
of their first child in the unadjusted analysis. Gender moderated specific associations between
latent classes and sexual risk outcomes. Future expectations, conceptualized as a
multidimensional construct, may have a unique ability to explain sexual risk behaviors over time.
Future strategies should target multiple levels of influence to improve individual future
expectations prior to high school and throughout the adolescent period
Glucocorticoid Ultradian Rhythmicity Directs Cyclical Gene Pulsing of the Clock Gene Period 1 in Rat Hippocampus
In vivo glucocorticoid (GC) secretion exhibits a distinctive ultradian rhythmicity. The lipophilic hormone can rapidly diffuse into cells, although only the pulse peak is of sufficient amplitude to activate the low affinity glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Discrete pulses readily access brain regions such as the hippocampus where GR expression is enriched and known to regulate neuronal function, including memory and learning processes. In the present study, we have tested the hypothesis that GR brain targets are responsive to ultradian GC rhythmicity. We have used adrenalectomised rats replaced with pulses of corticosterone to determine the transcriptional effects of ultradian pulses in the hippocampus. Confocal microscopy confirmed that each GC pulse results in transient GR nuclear localisation in hippocampal CA1 neurones. Concomitant GR activation and DNA binding was demonstrated by synthetic glucocorticoid response element oligonucleotide binding, and verified for the Clock gene Period 1 promoter region by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Strikingly each GC pulse induced a 'burst' of transcription of Period 1 measured by heterogeneous nuclear RNA quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The net effect of pulsatile GC exposure on accumulation of the mature transcript was also assessed, revealing a plateau of mRNA levels throughout the time course of pulsatile exposure, indicating the pulse timing works optimally for steady state Per1 expression. The plateau dropped to baseline within 120 min of the final pulse, indicating a relatively short half-life for hippocampal Per1. The significance of this strict temporal control is that any perturbation to the pulse frequency or duration would have rapid quantitative effects on the levels of Per1. This in turn could affect hippocampal function, especially circadian related memory and learning processes.Stress hormones and brain functio
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