A ‘Southern model’ of electoral mobilisation?: clientelism and electoral politics in post-Franco Spain

It is often argued that clientelism is a key feature of electoral mobilisation in Southern European democracies. This article examines the evidence for clientelism in the Spanish case, assessing the recruitment, redistributive strategies and electoral performance of governing parties in the 1977-96 period. It finds little evidence of extensive clientelistic mobilisation, finding instead that parties’ use of state resources is largely consistent with their programmatic and ideological positions. ‘Old’ clientelism from the pre-democratic era mostly did not survive the change of regime, whilst ‘new’ clientelism based on the expansion of state employment contributed to the Socialist Party’s organisational consolidation, but was not a significant feature of its strategy of electoral mobilisation

Clasificación H/α/λ de datos polarimétricos ALOS-PALSAR banda L en áreas forestales de la Mesopotamia argentina

Polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) is sensitive to the orientation of targets and polarimetry could yield several new descriptive radar target detection. Target decomposition theory has been used for information extraction in PolSAR. Many techniques were used in SAR data; the aim is to separate a complex target into simpler scattering mechanism. In this work is explored a technique based on the parameters extraction from the Coherency matrix and the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. These parameters are the Entropy (H), Anisotropy (A) and α angle. Combining H and α a bidimensional plane is generated, then any point in this plane can be assigned to a specific scattering mechanism. To get a 3D graphic the parameter λ is included in a third axe. All these parameters were extracted using the free software PolSARPro using a fully polarimetric ALOS-PALSAR image acquired over the study area, located in the northwest portion of Misiones province, Argentina. The preliminary result achieved in this work shows that this technique is valuable in the polarimetric parameters extraction in forest applications.Pages: 8491-849