Daily associations between sleep and physical activity : a systematic review and meta-analysis

The day-to-day variations of sleep and physical activity are associated with various health outcomes in adults, and previous studies suggested a bidirectional association between these behaviors. The daily associations between sleep and physical activity have been examined in observational or interventional contexts. The primary goal of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize existing evidence about daily associations between sleep and physical activity outcomes at inter- and intra-individual level in adults. A systematic search of records in eight databases from inception to July 2019 identified 33 peer-reviewed empirical publications that examined daily sleep – physical activity association in adults. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of included studies did not support a bidirectional daily association between sleep outcomes and physical activity. Multilevel meta-analyses showed that three sleep parameters were associated with physical activity the following day: sleep quality, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset. However, the associations were small, and varied in terms of direction and level of variability (e.g. inter- or intra-individual). Daytime physical activity was associated with lower total sleep time the following night at an inter-person level with a small effect size. From a clinical perspective, care providers should monitor the effects of better sleep promotion on physical activity behaviours in their patients. Future studies should examine sleep and physical activity during a longer period and perform additional sophisticated statistical analyses

Pooled analysis of prognostic impact of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its inhibitor PAI-1 in 8377 breast cancer patients

BACKGROUND: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) play essential roles in tumor invasion and metastasis. High levels of both uPA and PAI-1 are associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. To confirm the prognostic value of uPA and PAI-1 in primary breast cancer, we reanalyzed individual patient data provided by members of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Receptor and Biomarker Group (EORTC-RBG). METHODS: The study included 18 datasets involving 8377 breast cancer patients. During follow-up (median 79 months), 35% of the patients relapsed and 27% died. Levels of uPA and PAI-1 in tumor tissue extracts were determined by different immunoassays; values were ranked within each dataset and divided by the number of patients in that dataset to produce fractional ranks that could be compared directly across datasets. Associations of ranks of uPA and PAI-1 levels with relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by Cox multivariable regression analysis stratified by dataset, including the following traditional prognostic variables: age, menopausal status, lymph node status, tumor size, histologic grade, and steroid hormone-receptor status. All P values were two-sided. RESULTS: Apart from lymph node status, high levels of uPA and PAI-1 were the strongest predictors of both poor RFS and poor OS in the analyses of all patients. Moreover, in both lymph node-positive and lymph node-negative patients, higher uPA and PAI-1 values were independently associated with poor RFS and poor OS. For (untreated) lymph node-negative patients in particular, uPA and PAI-1 included together showed strong prognostic ability (all P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: This pooled analysis of the EORTC-RBG datasets confirmed the strong and independent prognostic value of uPA and PAI-1 in primary breast cancer. For patients with lymph node-negative breast cancer, uPA and PAI-1 measurements in primary tumors may be especially useful for designing individualized treatment strategies

Brucella beta 1,2 cyclic glucan is an activator of human and mouse dendritic cells

Bacterial cyclic glucans are glucose polymers that concentrate within the periplasm of alpha-proteobacteria. These molecules are necessary to maintain the homeostasis of the cell envelope by contributing to the osmolarity of Gram negative bacteria. Here, we demonstrate that Brucella beta 1,2 cyclic glucans are potent activators of human and mouse dendritic cells. Dendritic cells activation by Brucella beta 1,2 cyclic glucans requires TLR4, MyD88 and TRIF, but not CD14. The Brucella cyclic glucans showed neither toxicity nor immunogenicity compared to LPS and triggered antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell responses in vivo. These cyclic glucans also enhanced antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses including cross-presentation by different human DC subsets. Brucella beta 1,2 cyclic glucans increased the memory CD4(+) T cell responses of blood mononuclear cells exposed to recombinant fusion proteins composed of anti-CD40 antibody and antigens from both hepatitis C virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thus cyclic glucans represent a new class of adjuvants, which might contribute to the development of effective antimicrobial therapies

Drying colloidal systems: laboratory models for a wide range of applications

The drying of complex fluids provides a powerful insight into phenomena that take place on time and length scales not normally accessible. An important feature of complex fluids, colloidal dispersions and polymer solutions is their high sensitivity to weak external actions. Thus, the drying of complex fluids involves a large number of physical and chemical processes. The scope of this review is the capacity to tune such systems to reproduce and explore specific properties in a physics laboratory. A wide variety of systems are presented, ranging from functional coatings, food science, cosmetology, medical diagnostics and forensics to geophysics and art

GENERATION OF HIGH SHOCK PRESSURES BY LASER PULSES

Les caractéristiques d'ondes de choc de très haute pression induites par impulsion laser et les résultats obtenus au cours des dernières années sont examinés. Les pressions déduites de mesures de la vitesse de choc atteignent 5 TPa. L'influence de la longueur d'onde et du flux laser ainsi que les effets de l'expansion bidimensionnelle du plasma sur la pression de choc sont étudiés. Le rendement hydrodynamique déterminé à partir des données incluant de nouveaux résultats à 0,26 µm de longueur d'onde met en évidence l'avantage des courtes longueurs d'onde pour obtenir de très hautes pressions. La possibilité d'obtenir des pressions de l'ordre de 10 TPa par la méthode des impédances de choc est examinée.Aspects of laser generated high shock pressures and results obtained over the last years are reviewed. Shock pressures up to 5 TPa inferred from shock velocity measurements are reported. Effects of laser wavelength, intensity and 2-D plasma expansion on the generated shock pressure are discussed. The hydrodynamic efficiency determined from various data including new results at 0,26 µm wavelength outlines the advantage of short wavelengths for producing very high pressures. The possibility of achieving shock pressures in the 10 TPa range with the use of the impedance match technique is examined

Comportement sous choc de composés lamellaires aluminium-cuivre

Des composés lamellaires aluminium-cuivre sont soumis à l'action d'ondes de choc planes se propageant dans une direction perpendiculaire au plan des lamelles. Leur comportement sous choc est étudié expérimentalement par une méthode de détection de choc originale utilisant l'effet électrique créé au passage d'une onde de choc à travers une jonction bimétallique. La stabilité du choc dans les composés étudiés est ainsi mise en évidence. On montre que ces composés peuvent être assimilés à des corps quasi homogènes dont on détermine les polaires de choc. La comparaison entre les courbes expérimentales et les courbes calculées selon le modèle adiabatique proposé par Tsou et Chou [1] montre un accord satisfaisant

Comportement sous choc de composés lamellaires aluminium-cuivre

Plane shock waves are generated in lamellar aluminium copper composites. The direction of the wave propagation is perpendicular to the plane of the layers. The behavior under shock of these materials is experimentaly studied by means of an original shock detection technique based upon the electrical response under shock of a bimetallic junction. The shock front in these composites is found to be steady. It is shown that the composites behave like quasi homogeneous materials, the Hugoniot of which are determinated. The experimental Hugoniot curves compare satisfactorily with the calculated ones using the adiabatic model of Tsou and Chou [1].Des composés lamellaires aluminium-cuivre sont soumis à l'action d'ondes de choc planes se propageant dans une direction perpendiculaire au plan des lamelles. Leur comportement sous choc est étudié expérimentalement par une méthode de détection de choc originale utilisant l'effet électrique créé au passage d'une onde de choc à travers une jonction bimétallique. La stabilité du choc dans les composés étudiés est ainsi mise en évidence. On montre que ces composés peuvent être assimilés à des corps quasi homogènes dont on détermine les polaires de choc. La comparaison entre les courbes expérimentales et les courbes calculées selon le modèle adiabatique proposé par Tsou et Chou [1] montre un accord satisfaisant

Influence des conditions initiales sur l'évolution d'une onde de choc induite par impulsion laser

The evolution of a high amplitude laser-generated shock in a solid target is described by the use of a hydrodynamic model. In comparison with a previous model, this one takes into account the front face target propagation due to the ablation pressure effect. This model is also used to study the initial pressure profile effect on the shock wave decay.L'évolution d'un choc de forte amplitude induit par une impulsion laser dans une cible solide est décrite à l'aide d'un modèle hydrodynamique, précisant un modèle antérieur par la prise en compte du déplacement de la surface avant de la cible sous l'effet de la pression d'ablation. Ce modèle est également utilisé pour étudier l'influence du profil initial de pression sur l'amortissement de l'onde de choc au cours de sa propagation