Síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo (burnout) en los médicos de España.

El Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (SQT) o "Burnout" es un problema de salud que puede afectar a profesionales de todo tipo, pero muy especialmente a aquellos cuya actividad guarda relación con el cuidado de seres humanos. Los profesionales de la salud están particularmente expuestos a este cuadro y los médicos son el prototipo de trabajador expuesto al mismo. Se trata de un problema de salud tremendamente destructivo que afecta a la vida laboral y personal, que lesiona la calidad del trabajo prestado y que deteriora los planos cognitivo y emocional del individuo, su vida familiar y hasta su salud física

An Investigation of some Environmental Impacts for Possible Diversions of Flow from the Merrimack River

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Exercise, the diurnal cycle of cortisol and cognitive impairment in older adults

Exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of developing Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease as well as to improve cognition in healthy and cognitively impaired individuals. However, the mechanisms of these benefits are not well understood. The stress hypothesis suggests that the cognitive benefits attributed to exercise may partially be mediated by changes in the cortisol secretion pattern. Chronic stress may increase the risk of AD and exacerbate the cognitive deficits and brain pathology characteristic of the condition while physical activity has been shown to attenuate most of stress consequences and risk factors for AD. Initially, research on the effects of cortisol on cognition and physical activity focused on cortisol levels at one time point but the circadian pattern of cortisol secretion is complex and it is still unclear which aspects are most closely associated with cognitive function. Thus, the aim of this review was to analyze the exercise/stress/cognition hypothesis focusing on the effects of the diurnal cycle of cortisol on cognitive function and physical activity in older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, Exercise, Physical activity, Cognition, Cortiso

Efeitos de um programa fora da escola baseado em mindfulness para redução do estresse e desenvolvimento de bem-estar emocional em adolescentes

Abstract: In recent years schools and youth-serving organizations have pro- gressively adopted programs to reduce adolescents’ stress levels and improve optimism trough mindfulness interventions. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a mindfulness out-of-school program for adolescents, on perceived levels of stress, optimism and mindfulness skills. Thirty ado- lescents (15 girls and 15 boys), aging from 16 to 18 years old (M = 16.8) were randomly allocated to either 8-week mindfulness extracurricular program (n = 15; 8 girls and 7 boys) or a control group (n = 15; 7 girls and 8 boys). The results demonstrate that participants in the intervention group repor- ted reductions in perceived stress and increases in levels of optimism and in five specific mindfulness skills. These findings suggest that using an out- of-school mindfulness program may be an effective setting to teach adoles- cents to use mindfulness to manage stress and to cultivate more positive emotional and social skills. This study is therefore significant for encourage the implementation of out-of-school mindfulness program that contribute to positive youth development and for an improvement of their health and more holistic health and well-being.Resumen: En los últimos años, los centros educativos e instituciones que prestan servicios a los jóvenes han adoptado progresivamente programas para reducir los niveles de estrés de los adolescentes y mejorar el optimismo mediante intervenciones de basadas en la atención plena (mindfulness). El objetivo de este estudio ha sido examinar los efectos de un programa ex- traescolar de mindfulness para adolescentes, sobre los niveles percibidos de estrés, optimismo y habilidades de mindfulness. Treinta adolescentes (15 niñas y 15 niños), con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y los 18 años (M = 16,8) fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un programa extracurricular de ocho semanas para el desarrollo de la atención plena (n = 15, 8 niñas y 7 niños) (N = 15, 7 niñas y 8 niños). Los resultados demuestran que los par- ticipantes en el grupo de intervención obtuvieron reducciones en el estrés percibido y aumentos en los niveles de optimismo y en cinco habilidades específicas de atención plena. Estos resultados sugieren que la aplicación de programas extraescolares basados en la atención plena (mindfulness) pue- den favorecer que los adolescentes aprendar a regular el estrés y cultivar ha- bilidades emocionales y sociales más positivas. Este estudio es, por lo tanto, significativo para favorecer la implementación de programas extraescolares basados en mindfulness que contribuyan al positivo de los jóvenes y a una mejora de su salud y bienestar más integral.Resumo: Nos últimos anos, escolas e instituições que prestam serviços aos jovens adotaram progressivamente programas para reduzir os níveis de es- tresse e melhorar o otimismo através de intervenções baseadas na atenção plena (mindfulness). O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar os efeitos de um programa de atenção plena fora da escola para adolescentes, sobre os níveis percebidos de estresse, otimismo e habilidades de atenção plena. Trinta adolescentes (15 meninas e 15 meninos), com idade entre 16 e 18 anos (M = 16,8) foram alocados aleatoriamente para o programa extracurricular de oito semanas da atenção plena (n = 15, 8 meninas e 7 meninos). Os re- sultados mostraram que os participantes do grupo de intervenção obtido reduções no estresse percebido e aumento dos níveis de otimismo e cinco habilidades específicas da atenção plena. Estes resultados sugerem que a aplicação de programas de atenção plena fora da escola pode incentivar os adolescentes para regular o estresse e cultivar habilidades emocionais e so- ciais mais positivas. Este estudo é, portanto, significativa para encorajar a implementação de programas de atenção plena fora da escola que que con- tribuem para o desenvolvimento positivo da juventude e para uma melhoria da sua saúde e bem-estar

Rootstock on vine performance and wine quality of ‘Syrah’ under double pruning management

In the Brazilian Southeast, the production of high quality wines is attained by a new management approach called double pruning. This management changes the harvesting of wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) from wet summer to dry winter through a two pruning procedures carried out during the year. The first pruning is done during the winter to induce a vegetative cycle (all clusters are removed) and a second pruning is done during the summer to induce the reproductive cycle. In this study, ten different rootstocks were compared in order to optimize yield and wine quality of Syrah vines conducted under autumn-winter season by double pruning approach. Syrah grapevines grafted onto ‘Rupestris du Lot’ and ‘IAC 766’ showed the highest pruning weight, while ‘110 Richter’ and ‘161-49 Courdec’ induced the lowest cane vigor. The average production of two seasons identified ‘IAC 766’, ‘Kober 5BB’ and ‘Rupestris du Lot’ as the most productive rootstocks. In both seasons, the grape quality was more influenced by the plant development status than by rootstocks. ‘Syrah’ wine from vigorous and high yielding rootstocks, ‘IAC 766’ and ‘Rupestris du Lot’, showed satisfactory wine phenolic composition and alcohol/acidity balance. This study showed that vigorous rootstock increased yield without compromising grape and winter wine quality of Syrah grapevines subjected to double pruning management in the Brazilian Southeast