Education and Education Practices among Quilombolas: The School and the Cultural Diversity

AbstractThis text examines different aspects of the discussion on the disconnection between teaching and its practices and contents vs. the cultural diversity within the contexts it operates. Among these aspects one should highlight the types of comprehension and construing of the world, as these map our notions of Education and Culture and take place within an interconnected way.Here, we take as the basis for reference the study on culture and educational activities reflecting specific ways to understand and construe the world, within a quilombola community (black community) in Brazil

Enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy sensitivity through intra-cavity OPO excitation

We report an optical molecular gas sensor exhibiting high levels of selectivity and sensitivity. The outstanding sensitivity demonstrated by our technology is rooted in a novel combination of photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) operated within the cavity of a continuous-wave, intra-cavity Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO). We exploit the very high circulating field present within the resonant down-converted cavity as the excitation source of the photoacoustic effect, conferring orders-of-magnitude improvement in optical excitation power. Additionally, the wide selectivity of the system arises from the inherent broad tunability and narrow optical linewidth of an OPO. Here we report the use of this technology for the detection of ammonia (NH3) as a simulant target molecule. A 3-D printed miniature PAS cell with microelectromechanical systems based (MEMS) microphone is used for the gas detection. The resonance frequency of the cell was measured at 17.9 kHz with a Q-factor of 9. The down-converted signal wave resonating within its optical cavity was tuned to 6605.6cm-1 (corresponding to a strong local NH3 absorption line) through a combination of phase matching and intra-cavity etalon control. The laser was amplitude modulated at the resonance frequency of the PAS cell, producing an average optical excitation power of ~10W in the signal arm of the OPO, to induce the photoacoustic effect for only 4W of primary diode pump power. In this work we show detection limit at the level of single parts-per-billion (ppb). Additionally, we will discuss how this technology could be readily refined to potentially demonstrate a sensitivity of tens parts-per-quadrillion

On Fermionic T-duality of Sigma modes on AdS backgrounds

We study the fermionic T-duality symmetry of integrable Green-Schwarz sigma models on AdS backgrounds. We show that the sigma model on $AdS_5\times S^1$ background is self-dual under fermionic T-duality. We also construct new integrable sigma models on $AdS_2\times CP^n$. These backgrounds could be realized as supercosets of SU supergroups for arbitrary $n$, but could also be realized as supercosets of OSp supergroups for $n=1,3$. We find that the supercosets based on SU supergroups are self-dual under fermionic T-duality, while the supercosets based on OSp supergroups are not. However, the reasons of OSp supercosets being not self-dual under fermionic T-duality are different. For $OSp(6|2)$ case, corresponding to $AdS_2\times CP^3$ background, the failure is due to the singular fermionic quadratic terms, just like $AdS_4\times CP^3$ case. For $OSp(3|2)$ case, the failure is due to the shortage of right number of $\kappa$-symmetry to gauge away the fermionic degrees of freedom, even though the fermionic quadratic term is not singular any more. More general, for the supercosets of the OSp supergroups with superalgebra $B(n,m)$, including $AdS_2\times S^{2n}$ and $AdS_4\times S^{2n}$ backgrounds, the sigma models are not self-dual under fermionic T-duality as well, obstructed by the $\kappa$-symmetry.Comment: 17 pages; Clarfications on kappa symmetries, references added;Published versio

What can we learn about “engineering thinking in extreme situations” from the testimony by the Fukushima Dai Ichi plant manager?

International audienceThe concept of engineering thinking in emergency situations addresses an epistemological gap in the field of safety sciences, following the accident at Fukushima Dai Ichi. Institutional bodies have not grasped the need to study the conditions in which the plant’s teams had to work to maintain the integrity of the facilities. However, an understanding of the situation as it unfolded is crucial to understanding the deci-sions taken by the actors during the crisis. It is clear that the description of the accident and its representa-tion, as it is presented in reports prepared by various official agencies fails in this respect. The testimony of Masao Yoshida, director of the plant, helps to fill in some gaps. Transcripts of his testimony provide detailed information that is key to understanding the sequence of events triggered by the earthquake and tsunami of 11 March, 2011. This article shows the importance of the study of his testimony and highlights the relationship between the management of the nuclear accident and the concept of engineering thinking in emergency situations

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU MEROKOK PADA PELAJAR DI SMA KRISTEN RATATOTOK KAB. MINAHASA TENGGARA

Merokok merupakan masalah yang belum dapat terseselesaikan hingga saat ini. Merokok sudah melanda berbagai masyarakat di Indonesia, dari anak-anak sampai orang tua, laki-laki maupun perempuan. Salah satu sasaran program perilaku sehat dan pemberdayaan masyarakat adalah menurunnya prevalensi perokok serta meningkatnya lingkungan sehat bebas rokok di sekolah, tempat kerja, dan tempat umum. Perilaku merokok merupakan aktivitas menghisap atau menghirup asap rokok dengan menggunakan pipa atau rokok yang dilakukan secara intensif dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku  merokok pada pelajar di SMA Kristen Ratatotok Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan desain cross sectional atau studi potong lintang. Jumlah responden 50 pelajar di SMA Kristen Ratatotok untuk mencari hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap dengan perilaku merokok. Berdasarkan hasil uji chi-square hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku merokok didapati nilai p-value = 0.699, dan pada hubungan antara sikap dengan perilaku merokok didapati nilai p-value 0.017. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku merokok dan terdapat hubungan antara sikap dengan perilaku merokok. Kata Kunci : Perilaku Merokok, Pengetahuan dan Sikap ABSTRACTSmoking is a problem that cannot be solved until now. Smoking has hit various communities in Indonesia, from children to the elderly, male and female. One of the goals of a healthy behavior and community empowerment program is a decrease in the prevalence of smokers and an increase in a healthy, smoke-free environment in schools, workplaces, and public places. Smoking behavior is the activity of smoking or inhaling cigarette smoke using pipes or cigarettes which is done intensively in everyday life. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with smoking behavior in students in SMA Kristen Ratatotok Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara. Analytic survey research with cross sectional study. The number of respondents is 50 students in SMA Kristen Ratatotok to look for the correlation between knowledge and attitude with smoking behavior. Based on the results of the chi-square test the correlation between knowledge and smoking behavior was found to be p-value = 0.699, and the correlation between attitude and smoking behavior was found to be p-value 0.017. There is no correlation between knowledge and smoking behavior and there is a correlation between attitude and smoking behavior. Keywords : Smoking Behavior, knowledge and Attitud

Lifestyle intervention in individuals with impaired glucose regulation affects Caveolin-1 expression and DNA methylation

© 2020, © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Aims: We investigated whether a lifestyle intervention could influence expression and DNA methylation of diabetes-related genes in patients with impaired glucose regulation (IGR), the results were compared to bariatric surgery, considering it an intensive change. Methods: Twenty participants with IGR had adipose tissue biopsy and blood collected pre- and post-lifestyle (6 months) intervention; 12 obese patients had subcutaneous fat taken before and after bariatric surgery. RNA/DNA was extracted from all samples and underwent qPCR. DNA was bisulphite converted and 12 CpG sites of Caveolin-1 (CAV1) promoter were pyrosequenced. Results: lifestyle intervention resulted in opposite direction changes in fat tissue and blood for CAV1 expression and DNA methylation and these changes were correlated between tissues, while no significative differences were found in CAV1 expression after bariatric surgery. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a role for CAV1 in modulating adipocyte function as a consequence of lifestyle changes, as exercises and diet. These results may provide insights into new therapeutic targets for diabetes prevention

Determination of two-body potentials from n-body spectra

We show how the two-body potential may be uniquely determined from n-body spectra where the hypercentral approximation is valid. We illustrate this by considering an harmonic oscillator potential which has been altered by changing the energy or normalisation constant of the ground state of the n-body system and finding how this modifies the two-body potential. It is shown that with increasing number of particles the spectrum must be known more precisely to obtain the two-body potential to the same degree of accuracy.Comment: 13 pages of text (LATEX), 3 figures (not included, available from authors), NIKHEF-93-P

Classification for hyperspectral imaging

Hyperspectral Imaging is a method of collecting and processing the information across pre-defined electromagnetic spectrum. These measurements make it possible to derive a continuous spectrum for each pixel of the image. After necessary adjustments these image spectra can be compared with database of reflectance spectra in order to recognise tested materials. This project is conducted in cooperation between Fraunhofer Centre for Applied Photonics and Heriot-Watt Industrial Doctorate Centre in Photonics and Optics Technologies in partnership with University of Strathclyde. Fraunhofer Institute is known of world-class photonics solutions and this project aims in enhancement of one of their Hyperspectral Imaging systems with signal processing techniques. Set of classification procedures would be applied for the output of imaging spectrometer with the intention of spatial and spectral classification of objects captured by the spectrometer. Spatial classification is based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Use of texture features of the objects is considered as a base for labelling of detected items. Spectral classification is based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. With database of calibration reflectance spectra, method this can be used for prediction of “end members” concentration and therefore identification of the objects captured on the hyperspectral image.

PENGARUH PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN TENTANG BAHAYA MEROKOK TERHADAP SIKAP PESERTA DIDIK LAKI-LAKI DI SMK COKROAMINOTO KOTA MANADO

Merokok merupakan suatu fenomenal, artinya meskipun sudah diketahui dampak negatif rokok, jumlah perokok tetap tinggi. Rokok adalah salah satu produk tembakau yang dimaksudkan untuk dibakar dan dihisap dan atau dihirup asapnya. Sekolah merupakan perpanjangan tangan keluarga, artinya sekolah merupakan tempat lanjutan untuk meletakan dasar perilaku bagi anak, termasuk perilaku kesehatan. Peran guru dalam promosi kesehatan di sekolah sangat penting karena guru pada umumnya lebih dipatuhi oleh anak-anak dari pada orang tuanya. Tujuan Penelitian Untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Penyuluhan Kesehatan Tentang Bahaya Merokok Terhadap Sikap Peserta Didik Laki-Laki Di SMK Cokroaminoto Kota Manado. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah True-Eksperiment dengan penelitian pretest-posttest control grup design. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September-Oktober 2019. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas XI yang berjumlah 40 peserta didik yang diambil secara random. Hasil statistik menggunakan Uji Paired Test menunjukkan bahwa, terdapat perbedaan sikap bahaya merokok pada kontrol grup yang diberikan leaflet diketahui nilai p value 0.000 dengan nilai rata-rata 18,25, sedangkan nilai p value untuk Perbedaan sikap bahaya merokok pada eksperimen grup yang diberikan penyuluhan yaitu 0,000 dengan nilai rata-rata 25,10. Kesimpulan berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu pemberian perlakuan berupa penyuluhan kesehatan pada eksperimen grup lebih berpengaruh terhadap sikap tentang bahaya merokok dibandingkan dengan pemberian perlakuan berupa leaflet pada kontrol grup. Kata kunci: Merokok, Sekolah, Penyuluhan, Sikap ABSTRACTSmoking is phenomenal, it means that despite the known negative effects of smoking, the number of smokers remains high. Cigarettes are one of the tobacco products that are intended to be burned and smoked and inhaled by the smoke. School is an extended arm of the family, it means the school is a continuation place for laying the foundation of behavior for children, including health behavior. The role of teachers in health promotion in schools is very important because teachers in general are more obeyed by children than their parents.The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of health education on the dangers of smoking on the attitudes of male students in the Cokroaminoto Vocational High School, Manado. This type of research is a True-Experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. This research was conducted in September-October 2019. The sample in this study was class XI, amounting to 40 random peoples. Statistical results using the Paired Test showed that there were differences in the smoking hazard attitudes in the control group given leaflets known to the p value 0,000 with an average value of 18.25, while the p value for the difference in smoking hazard attitudes in the experimental group given counseling 0,000 with an average value of 25,10. Conclusion based on research conducted, the provision of treatment in the form of health education in group experiments has more influence on attitudes about the dangers of smoking compared to the treatment of leaflets in group control. Keywords: Smoke,School, Counseling, Attitude

Emission and absorption of photons and the black-body spectra in Lorentz-odd Electrodynamics

We study a number of issues related to the emission and absorption radiation by non-relativistic electrons within the framework of a Lorentz-breaking electrodynamics in (3+1) dimensions. Our main results concern how Planck-like spectrum law is sensitive to terms that violate Lorentz symmetry. We have realized that Planck law acquires extra terms proportional to the violating parameters: for the CPT-odd model, the leading extra terms appear to be linear or quadratic in these violating parameters according to the background vector is parallel or perpendicular to the photon wave-vector. In the CPT-even case a linear `correction' shows up. Among other possible ways to probe for these violations, by means of the present results, we may quote the direct observation of the extra contributions or an unbalancing in the mean occupation number of photon modes in a given thermal bath.Comment: 11 pages, Late