A Gravidez Na Adolescência : Um Desafio Além Das Políticas Públicas De Saúde

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A New Preference Reversal in Health Utility Measurement

A central assumption in health utility measurement is that preferences are invariant to the elicitation method that is used. This assumption is challenged by preference reversals. Previous studies have observed preference reversals between choice and matching tasks and between choice and ranking tasks. We present a new preference reversal that is entirely choice-based. Because choice is the basic primitive of economics and utility theory, this preference reversal is more fundamental and troubling. The preference reversal was observed in two studies regarding health states after stroke. Both studies involved large representative samples from the Spanish population, interviewed professionally and face-to-face. Possible explanations for the preference reversal are the anticipation of disappointment and elation in risky choice and the impact of ethical considerations about the value of life

Analysis of the viability of the LexDoBusiness Collaborative Platform

The objective of this work is to validate the viability of the LexDoBusiness collaborative platform project with the main stakeholders. Considering that the LexDoBusiness project should address several issues, including digital transformation, that brings together several services essential to its success, such as legal, accounting, tax and technological services, this work, regarding the research methodology, uses Design Science Research because it is considered the most appropriate for this project, which had the external collection of secondary data present in the platforms of INE, RACIUS and PORDATA, as well as the collection of primary data through a semi-structured survey addressed to clients of a network of lawyers and potential clients. The LexDoBusiness value proposition is the personalization of its services and in the relationship with its customers, as the permanent support, offering in a single platform, the qualification of entrepreneurs, support in different areas suchThis work is financed by portuguese national funds through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, under the project UIDB/05422/2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Vascular and apoptotic changes in the placode of myelomeningocele mice during the final stages of in utero development

JOAQUIM L. REIS, M.D., PH.D.,1,2 JORGE CORREIA-PINTO, M.D., PH.D.,3,4 MARIANA P. MONTEIRO, M.D., PH.D.,1 MADALENA COSTA, B.SC.,1 AND GROVER M. HUTCHINS, M.D.5 1Department of Anatomy, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences and Unit for Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, University of Porto; 2Department of Neurosurgery, Santo António General Hospital; 4Department of Pediatric Surgery, São João Hospital, Porto; 3Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; and 5Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Object. Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a primary neurulation defect that is associated with devastating neurological disabilities in affected newborns. To better characterize the in utero neurodegenerative process of MMC, the authors investigated the changes in vascular organization, apoptosis, and the presence of inflammatory cells during gestation by using a mutant mouse model of MMC. Methods. The curly tail/loop tail (ct/lp) mutant mouse model of MMC was chosen to obtain fetuses at different stages of gestation. Mouse fetuses harboring MMC were harvested by caesarean section at embryonic Days 14.5, 16.5, and 18.5 (complete mouse gestation at 19 days, 6 mice/group); littermate fetuses with the same gestational age but without an MMC were used as controls. Samples of the MMC placode or normal spinal cord were stained for immunocytochemical labeling with caveolin antibody (endothelium marker) and activated caspase-3 antibody (apoptosis marker). Samples were morphometrically analyzed with a computer-assisted image analyzer. Results. The MMC mice presented with an increase in vascular density from embryonic Days 16.5–18.5 and an enhanced number of apoptotic cells at embryonic Day 18.5, compared with controls. There were scarce signals of an inflammatory reaction in the MMC placode, as a few infiltrating neutrophils were seen only at embryonic Day 18.5. Conclusions. Fetal placodes in MMC mice showed evidence of increased vascular density since embryonic Day 16.5 and increased apoptosis at embryonic Day 18.5. These new data support the view that in utero changes of the MMC placode, occurring during the last stages of gestation, contribute to the neuropathological manifestations in fullterm newborns with MMC. (DOI: 10.3171/PED/2008/2/8/150

We can’t hang out anymore: an analysis of self-other asymmetries and anti-COVID vaccination confidence in Guatemala

I conduct a survey indagating on risk perception and anti-COVID protection measures to 438 Guatemalan citizens of a high range of ages (from less than 18 to more than 60 years old) and middle to upper socio-economic level. I utilized the lottery framework developed by Holt and Laury to elicit behavior at the face of risk in two domains, financial and health. Both the survey and the risk assessments were subject to a self-other framing, in which respondents were asked to answer either on behalf of themselves or of another. Results show that Guatemalans are more risk-taking in the financial domain when deciding for themselves than for another, but both groups reported almost identical risk attitudes in the health domain. The results report a great dissociation between prosocial behavior to stop the COVID-19 spread, were people rank themselves better than others. Data also shows than being vaccinated does not increase economically active behavior, and this paper explains this in relation with the self-other dissociation found

Investigation of bonded hydrogen defects in nanocrystalline diamond films grown with nitrogen/methane/hydrogen plasma at high power conditions

In this work, we investigate the influence of some growth parameters such as high microwave power ranging from 3.0 to 4.0 kW and N2 additive on the incorporation of bonded hydrogen defects in nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films grown through a small amount of pure N2 addition into conventional 4% CH4/H2 plasma using a 5 kW microwave plasma CVD system. Incorporation form and content of hydrogen point defects in the NCD films produced with pure N2 addition was analyzed by employing Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the first time. A large amount of hydrogen related defects was detected in all the produced NCD films with N2 additive ranging from 29 to 87 µm thick with grain size from 47 nm to 31 nm. Furthermore, a specific new H related sharp absorption peak appears in all the NCD films grown with pure N2/CH4/H2 plasma at high powers and becomes stronger at powers higher than 3.0 kW and is even stronger than the 2920 cm−1 peak, which is commonly found in CVD diamond films. Based on these experimental findings, the role of high power and pure nitrogen addition on the growth of NCD films including hydrogen defect formation is analyzed and discussed

A critical review on the numerical simulation related to Physical Vapour Deposition

Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) is a process usually used for the production of advanced coatings regarding its application in several industrial and current products, such as optical lens, moulds and dies, decorative parts or tools. This process has several variants due to its strong evolution along the last decades. The process is commonly assisted by plasma, creating a particular low pressure and medium temperature atmosphere, which is responsible for the transition of atomic particles between the target and the parts to be coated into a vacuum reactor. Several parameters are directly affecting the deposition, namely the substrate temperature, pressure inside the reactor, assisting gases used, type of current, power supply, bias, substrate and target materials, samples holder and corresponding rotation, deposition time, among others. Many mathematical models have been developed in order to allow the generation of numerical simulation applications, trying to combine parameters and expect the corresponding results. Numerical simulation applications were created around the mathematical models previously developed, which can play an important role in the prediction of the coating properties and structure. This paper intends to describe the numerical simulation evolution in the last years, namely the use of Finite Elements Method (FEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

On the Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD): Evolution of Magnetron Sputtering Processes for Industrial Applications

Advanced coatings play an important role in a wide range of industrial applications. These coatings are commonly used in machining tools due to their high hardness and wear resistance, but also can be applied in jewellery and decorative purposes. Deposition techniques have seen a strong evolution as result of the directly related devices, control evolution and software. Several variants have been developed around the main techniques: arc evaporation and sputtering. The coatings produced present significant differences in their characteristics, namely in terms of structure, mechanical properties and surface morphology. Depending on the substrate material and application, the deposition process needs to be properly selected, providing the particular characteristics requested. This paper intends to do a critical review of the evolution of the advanced coatings deposition process, mainly focused on the Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) process, particularly in the Magnetron Sputtering technique, which is able to produce smooth surfaces, using lower temperatures, presenting excellent mechanical and tribological properties and having very good adhesion to the main materials used as substrate.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Decennial comparison of changes in social vulnerability: a municipal analysis in support of risk management

The concept of Social Vulnerability (SV) is characterized and distinguished by its complexity and multidisciplinarity. This concept takes into account the specific characteristics of the individual and his social and economic relations, as well as the physical environment where he is inserted. These differentiating characteristics make Social Vulnerability (SV) an indispensable work tool in the process of characterizing and understanding the degree of exposure of communities, as well as evaluating their capacity for resilience and recovery from hazardous events. This paper presents a comparison between the SV performed in 2008 with the results obtained in 2017 for the 278 municipalities of mainland Portugal. The methodology was based on the work developed by the Center for Social Studies of the University of Coimbra, which is distinguished by the fact that SV is composed of two components: Criticity and Support Capability. The analysis of SV and its components was done using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) starting from an initial set of 235 variables (90 for Criticality and 145 for Support Capability). With respect to Criticality, the results point out the importance of factors related to the economic condition, employment and factors related to the disadvantaged population and risk groups. Support Capability is strongly influenced by the population density and the most relevant factors for the final results are those related to civil protection response, economic and environmental dynamism and logistic and service capacity. Regarding the SV spatial distribution, the highest values are located mainly in the central and northern parts of the country, with emphasis on the Douro river valley and surrounding municipalities; also a general decrease of SV was recorded in the southern regions from 2008 to 2017.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio