Arreglos silvopastoriles con especie arbórea Alnus acuminata (aliso) y su efecto sobre los factores ambientales de sistemas ganaderos

Los sistemas silvopastoriles constituyen sistemas de producción sostenible y también una alternativa que no solo sirve para mitigar el efecto del cambio climático, sino tambien para adaptarse a este. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de arreglos silvopastoriles con Alnus acuminata (árboles en callejones, árboles dispersos en potreros, cercas vivas) sobre los factores ambientales como la temperatura y humedad relativa. Las evaluaciones se realizaron en cuatro localidades del distrito de Molinopampa (Molinopampa, Santa Cruz del Tingo, Pumahermana y Ocol), región Amazonas (Perú), durante el periodo de noviembre del 2016 a octubre del 2017. Se consideraron 16 potreros con homogeniedad en edad y densidad de árboles, y componente forrajero, establecidos bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar. Los datos se registraron con una frecuencia de cuatro horas y se procesaron mediante las pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y U de Mann-Whitney por pares (p<0,05). Los resultados muestran la existencia de diferencias estadísticas para la temperatura y la humedad de los arreglos silvopastoriles y sistema a campo abierto. Los arreglos con árboles en callejones registraron menor variación de temperatura y humedad relativa del aire permitiendo generar un microclima favorable para el desarrollo del componente forrajero y el confort del ganado; asimismo, minimizan el efecto del cambio climático.Silvopastoral systems constitute sustainable production systems and also an alternative that not only serves to mitigate the effect of climate change, but also to adapt to it. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of silvopastoral arrangements with Alnus acuminata (trees in alleys, scattered trees in paddocks, living fences) on environmental factors such as temperature and relative humidity. The evaluations were carried out in four locations in the district of Molinopampa (Molinopampa, Santa Cruz del Tingo, Pumahermana and Ocol), Amazonas region (Peru); during the period from November 2016 to October 2017. Sixteen paddocks with homogeneity in age and density of trees, and fodder component, established under a randomized complete blocks design, were considered. The data were recorded with a frequency of four hours and processed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests in pairs (p <0.05). The results show the existence of statistical differences for temperature and relative humidity of the silvopastoral and open field systems. Arrangements with trees in alleys registered less variation of temperature and relative humidity of the air, allowing to generate a favorable microclimate for the development of the forage component and the comfort of the livestock; they also minimize the effect of climate change.Gerencia de Comunicación Institucional, DG SICyP, INTAFil: Saucedo, J. Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas. Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva; PerúFil: Oliva, M. Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas. Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva; PerúFil: Maicelo, J.L. Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas. Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva; PerúFil: Quispe, H. Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas. Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva; PerúFil: Meléndez, J.B. Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas. Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva; Per

The Milky Way Bulge: Observed properties and a comparison to external galaxies

The Milky Way bulge offers a unique opportunity to investigate in detail the role that different processes such as dynamical instabilities, hierarchical merging, and dissipational collapse may have played in the history of the Galaxy formation and evolution based on its resolved stellar population properties. Large observation programmes and surveys of the bulge are providing for the first time a look into the global view of the Milky Way bulge that can be compared with the bulges of other galaxies, and be used as a template for detailed comparison with models. The Milky Way has been shown to have a box/peanut (B/P) bulge and recent evidence seems to suggest the presence of an additional spheroidal component. In this review we summarise the global chemical abundances, kinematics and structural properties that allow us to disentangle these multiple components and provide constraints to understand their origin. The investigation of both detailed and global properties of the bulge now provide us with the opportunity to characterise the bulge as observed in models, and to place the mixed component bulge scenario in the general context of external galaxies. When writing this review, we considered the perspectives of researchers working with the Milky Way and researchers working with external galaxies. It is an attempt to approach both communities for a fruitful exchange of ideas.Comment: Review article to appear in "Galactic Bulges", Editors: Laurikainen E., Peletier R., Gadotti D., Springer Publishing. 36 pages, 10 figure

HD 183579b: A warm sub-Neptune transiting a solar twin detected by TESS

We report the discovery and characterization of a transiting warm sub-Neptune planet around the nearby bright (V = 8.75 mag, K = 7.15 mag) solar twin HD 183579, delivered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The host star is located 56.8 ± 0.1 pc away with a radius of R∗ = 0.97 ± 0.02 R and a mass of M∗ = 1.03 ± 0.05 M. We confirm the planetary nature by combining space and ground-based photometry, spectroscopy, and imaging. We find that HD 183579b (TOI-1055b) has a radius of Rp = 3.53 ± 0.13 R on a 17.47 d orbit with a mass of Mp = 11.2 ± 5.4 M (3σ mass upper limit of 27.4 M). HD 183579b is the fifth brightest known sub-Neptune planet system in the sky, making it an excellent target for future studies of the interior structure and atmospheric properties. By performing a line-by-line differential analysis using the high-resolution and signal-to-noise ratio HARPS spectra, we find that HD 183579 joins the typical solar twin sample, without a statistically significant refractory element depletion

Com o diabo no corpo: os terríveis papagaios do Brasil colônia

Desde a Antiguidade, papagaios, periquitos e afins (Psittacidae) fascinaram os europeus por seu vivo colorido e uma notável capacidade de interação com seres humanos. A descoberta do Novo Mundo nada faria além de acrescentar novos elementos ao tráfico de animais exóticos há muito estabelecido pelos europeus com a África e o Oriente. Sem possuir grandes mamíferos, a América tropical participaria desse comércio com o que tinha de mais atrativo, essencialmente felinos, primatas e aves - em particular os papagaios, os quais eram embarcados em bom número. Contudo, a julgar pelos documentos do Brasil colônia, esses voláteis podiam inspirar muito pouca simpatia, pois nenhum outro animal - exceto as formigas - foi tantas vezes mencionado como praga para a agricultura. Além disso, alguns psitácidas mostravam-se tão loquazes que inspiravam a séria desconfiança de serem animais demoníacos ou possessos, pois só três classes de entidades - anjos, homens e demônios - possuíam o dom da palavra. Nos dias de hoje, vários representantes dos Psittacidae ainda constituem uma ameaça para a agricultura, enquanto os indivíduos muito faladores continuam despertando a suspeita de estarem possuídos pelo demônio. Transcendendo a mera curiosidade, essa crença exemplifica o quão intrincadas podem ser as relações do homem com o chamado “mundo natural”, revelando um universo mais amplo e multifacetado do que se poderia supor a princípio. Nesse sentido, a existência de aves capazes de falar torna essa relação ainda mais complexa e evidencia que as dificuldades de estabelecer o limite entre o animal e o humano se estendem além dos primatas e envolvem as mais inusitadas espécies zoológicas.Since ancient times, parrots and their allies (Psittacidae) have fascinated Europeans by their striking colors and notable ability to interact with human beings. The discovery of the New World added new species to the international exotic animal trade, which for many centuries had brought beasts to Europe from Africa and the Orient. Lacking large mammals, tropical America participated in this trade with its most appealing species, essentially felines, primates and birds - especially parrots - which were shipped in large numbers. It should be noted, however, that at times these birds were not well liked. In fact, according to documents from colonial Brazil, only the ants rank higher than parrots as the animals most often mentioned as agricultural pests. On the other hand, some of these birds were so chatty that people suspected them to be demonic or possessed animals, since only three classes of beings - angels, men and demons - have the ability to speak. Nowadays, several Psittacidae still constitute a threat to agriculture, and the suspicion that extremely talkative birds were demon possessed has also survived. More than a joke or a mere curiosity, this belief exemplifies how intricate man’s relationships with the “natural world” may be. In this sense, the existence of birds that are able to speak adds a further twist to these relationships, demonstrating that the problem of establishing a boundary between the animal and the human does not only involve primates, but also includes some unusual zoological species

Arreglos silvopastoriles con especie arbórea Alnus acuminata (aliso) y su efecto sobre los factores ambientales de sistemas ganaderos

Los sistemas silvopastoriles constituyen sistemas de producción sostenible y también una alternativa que no solo sirve para mitigar el efecto del cambio climático, sino tambien para adaptarse a este. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de arreglos silvopastoriles con Alnus acuminata (árboles en callejones, árboles dispersos en potreros, cercas vivas) sobre los factores ambientales como la temperatura y humedad relativa. Las evaluaciones se realizaron en cuatro localidades del distrito de Molinopampa (Molinopampa, Santa Cruz del Tingo, Pumahermana y Ocol), región Amazonas (Perú), durante el periodo de noviembre del 2016 a octubre del 2017. Se consideraron 16 potreros con homogeniedad en edad y densidad de árboles, y componente forrajero, establecidos bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar. Los datos se registraron con una frecuencia de cuatro horas y se procesaron mediante las pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y U de Mann-Whitney por pares (p<0,05). Los resultados muestran la existencia de diferencias estadísticas para la temperatura y la humedad de los arreglos silvopastoriles y sistema a campo abierto. Los arreglos con árboles en callejones registraron menor variación de temperatura y humedad relativa del aire permitiendo generar un microclima favorable para el desarrollo del componente forrajero y el confort del ganado; asimismo, minimizan el efecto del cambio climático

Las Hoyas

Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu