Assessment of a New ROS1 Immunohistochemistry Clone (SP384) for the Identification of ROS1 Rearrangements in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: the ROSING Study

Introduction: The ROS1 gene rearrangement has become an important biomarker in NSCLC. The College of American Pathologists/International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/Association for Molecular Pathology testing guidelines support the use of ROS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a screening test, followed by confirmation with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or a molecular test in all positive results. We have evaluated a novel anti-ROS1 IHC antibody (SP384) in a large multicenter series to obtain real-world data. Methods: A total of 43 ROS1 FISH-positive and 193 ROS1 FISH-negative NSCLC samples were studied. All specimens were screened by using two antibodies (clone D4D6 from Cell Signaling Technology and clone SP384 from Ventana Medical Systems), and the different interpretation criteria were compared with break-apart FISH (Vysis). FISH-positive samples were also analyzed with next-generation sequencing (Oncomine Dx Target Test Panel, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Results: An H-score of 150 or higher or the presence of at least 70% of tumor cells with an intensity of staining of 2+ or higher by the SP384 clone was the optimal cutoff value (both with 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity). The D4D6 clone showed similar results, with an H-score of at least 100 (91% sensitivity and 100% specificity). ROS1 expression in normal lung was more frequent with use of the SP384 clone (p < 0.0001). The ezrin gene (EZR)-ROS1 variant was associated with membranous staining and an isolated green signal FISH pattern (p = 0.001 and p = 0.017, respectively). Conclusions: The new SP384 ROS1 IHC clone showed excellent sensitivity without compromising specificity, so it is another excellent analytical option for the proposed testing algorithm

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and populations age, non-fatal outcomes of diseases and injuries are becoming a larger component of the global burden of disease. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 328 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016

Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

BACKGROUND: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. METHODS: We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death rates for each location-year. Using various international databases, we identified fatal discontinuities, which we defined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0·5% and where VR systems were less than 65% complete, we informed our estimates of age-sex-specific mortality using the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model fitted to national HIV/AIDS prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance systems. We estimated stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal, and childhood mortality using both survey and VR data in spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. We estimated abridged life tables for all location-years using age-specific death rates. We grouped locations into development quintiles based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and analysed mortality trends by quintile. Using spline regression, we estimated the expected mortality rate for each age-sex group as a function of SDI. We identified countries with higher life expectancy than expected by comparing observed life expectancy to anticipated life expectancy on the basis of development status alone. FINDINGS: Completeness in the registration of deaths increased from 28% in 1970 to a peak of 45% in 2013; completeness was lower after 2013 because of lags in reporting. Total deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased from 1970 to 2016, and slower decreases occurred at ages 5-24 years. By contrast, numbers of adult deaths increased in each 5-year age bracket above the age of 25 years. The distribution of annualised rates of change in age-specific mortality rate differed over the period 2000 to 2016 compared with earlier decades: increasing annualised rates of change were less frequent, although rising annualised rates of change still occurred in some locations, particularly for adolescent and younger adult age groups. Rates of stillbirths and under-5 mortality both decreased globally from 1970. Evidence for global convergence of death rates was mixed; although the absolute difference between age-standardised death rates narrowed between countries at the lowest and highest levels of SDI, the ratio of these death rates-a measure of relative inequality-increased slightly. There was a strong shift between 1970 and 2016 toward higher life expectancy, most noticeably at higher levels of SDI. Among countries with populations greater than 1 million in 2016, life expectancy at birth was highest for women in Japan, at 86·9 years (95% UI 86·7-87·2), and for men in Singapore, at 81·3 years (78·8-83·7) in 2016. Male life expectancy was generally lower than female life expectancy between 1970 and 2016, an

Detection of short high-energy transients in the local universe with SVOM/ECLAIRs

International audienceThe coincidental detection of the gravitational wave event GW 170817 and the gamma-ray burst GRB 170817A marked the advent of multi-messenger astronomy and represented a milestone in the study of GRBs. Significant progress in this field is expected in the coming years with the increased sensitivity of gravitational waves detectors and the launch of new facilities for the high-energy survey of the sky. In this context, the launch of SVOM in mid-2022, with its two wide-field high-energy instruments ECLAIRs and GRM, will foster the possibilities of coincidental transient detection with gravitational waves and gamma-rays events. The purpose of this paper is to assess the ability of SVOM/ECLAIRs to detect and quickly characterize high-energy transients in the local Universe (z ≤ 0.3), and to discuss the contribution of this instrument to multi-messenger astronomy and to gamma-ray burst (GRB) astrophysics in the 2020’s. A list of local HE transients, along with their main characteristics, is constructed through an extensive literature survey. This list includes 41 transients: 24 long GRBs, 10 short GRBs and 7 SGR Giant Flares. The detectability of these transients with ECLAIRs is assessed with detailed simulations using tools developed for the SVOM mission, including a GEANT4 simulation of the energy response and a simulated trigger algorithm representative of the onboard trigger algorithm. SVOM/ECLAIRs would have been able to detect 88% of the short high-energy transients in our list: 22 out of 24 long GRBs, 8 out of 10 short GRBs and 6 out of 7 SGR Giant Flares. The SNR for almost all detections will be sufficiently high to allow the on-board ECLAIRs trigger algorithm to derive the localisation of the transient, transmitting it to the SVOM satellite and ground-based instruments. Coupled with the anti-solar pointing strategy of SVOM, this will enable an optimal follow-up of the events, allowing the observation of their afterglows, supernovae/kilonovae counterparts, and host galaxies. We conclude the paper with a discussion of the unique contribution expected from SVOM and of the possibility of simultaneous GW detection for each type of transient in our sample

Platform switching in the treatment of Cleidocranial Dysplasia: a case report

Background Cleidocranial dysplasia is a very rare occurrence, its incidence being 1: 1,000,000.Case report This report describes the treatment of a 31-year-old woman with cleidocranial dysplasia treated with expanded platform implants. All mandibular and maxillary teeth were extracted and porcine collagenized bone was used to cover the bone defects in both arches. Six months later, four expanded platform implants were used to restore the mandibular arch, but one of them failed before the prosthesis was placed. In the maxillary arch a complete denture was relined and placed in the maxilla. The definitive mandibular restoration was delivered 3 months after surgery.Conclusion Since early diagnosis of cleidocranial dysplasia is essential for choosing the appropriate treatment approach, clinicians should be aware of its characteristic features

Mechanical, histological and histomorphometric evaluation of modified by femtosecond laser zirconia implants versus titanium implants. An experimental study in dogs at three months

Aim The present study was aimed at quantifying implant´s stability and elemental composition by Periotest® and evaluating bone to implant contact (BIC) and crestal bone loss of modified by femtosecond laser zirconia and titanium implants.Materials and methods Forty-eight implants were divided into 2 groups: titanium (control) and modified by femtosecond laser zirconia (test) and then inserted in 6 American Foxhound dogs. Primary stability and secondary stability were measured by Periotest, BIC was evaluated by histomorphometry at 1 and 3 months, elemental composition of the surrounding bone in both groups after 1 and 3 months was assessed.Results Differences between groups regarding primary stability and secondary stability were not significant (p>0.05). The Carbon ratio at zirconia (12.529%) was significantly lower (p0.05) regarding BIC for titanium vs modified zirconia were observed. Crestal bone loss at 3 months was significantly (p<0.05) lower (0.07 ±0.34 mm) in titanium group than in zirconia (1.25 ± 1.73 mm).Conclusion Surface treatment by using femtosecond laser equalizes osseointegration of zirconia implants

Lineamientos para una gestión integral de los residuos de artículos eléctricos y electrónicos (RAEE) para los hogares de la ciudad de Ibagué

Los residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos -RAEE por sus siglas en español- es un tema de creciente interés en la comunidad científica por sus múltiples retos, no solo a nivel nacional sino también internacional: su rápida tasa de crecimiento anual, los componentes tanto tóxicos como valiosos que los componen, y por el nivel de informalidad en cuanto a su manejo que es entre otras la principal causa para la contaminación ambiental y los problemas de salud humana. En Colombia se han hecho algunos estudios frente a la generación de este flujo de residuos, se han generado diferentes normativas que finalizaron en la Política Nacional de Gestión de RAEE. Sin embargo, a nivel municipal aún siguen existiendo muchos vacíos de información sobre esta problemática, conllevando a una disposición incorrecta de RAEE. Parte de esta desinformación radica en la ausencia de casos de estudio de centros urbanos que aborden sus particularidades geográficas, socioeconómicas, ambientales y político-administrativas. Es por ello por lo que este trabajo busca presentar un diagnóstico y finalmente unos lineamientos para el manejo integral de RAEE en la ciudad de Ibagué, para lo cual se recopiló información de diagnóstico de RAEE en Ibagué, se realizaron entrevistas y a partir de estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales, se obtienen conclusiones y lineamientos desde la ecología y la gestión ambiental para encontrar las estrategias oportunas, efectivas y ajustadas al contexto de esta ciudad.The waste of electrical and electronic equipment -RAEE by its acronym in Spanish- is a subject of growing interest in the scientific community for its many challenges, not only at the national level but also internationally: its rapid annual growth rate, the toxic components as valuable that compose them, and for the level of informality in terms of their management which is, among others, the main cause for environmental pollution and human health problems. In Colombia, some studies have been made regarding the generation of this waste stream, different regulations have been generated that ended in the National WEEE Management Policy. However, at the municipal level there are still many information gaps about this problem, leading to an incorrect provision of WEEE. Part of this misinformation lies in the absence of case studies of urban centers that address their geographical, socioeconomic, environmental and political-administrative particularities. That is why this work seeks to present a diagnosis and finally guidelines for the comprehensive management of WEEE in the city of Ibagué, for which WEEE diagnostic information was collected in Ibagué, interviews were conducted and from descriptive statistics and Inferential, conclusions and guidelines are obtained from the ecology and environmental management to find the opportune strategies, effective and adjusted to the context of this city