Baryons: What, When and Where?

We review the current state of empirical knowledge of the total budget of baryonic matter in the Universe as observed since the epoch of reionization. Our summary examines on three milestone redshifts since the reionization of H in the IGM, z = 3, 1, and 0, with emphasis on the endpoints. We review the observational techniques used to discover and characterize the phases of baryons. In the spirit of the meeting, the level is aimed at a diverse and non-expert audience and additional attention is given to describe how space missions expected to launch within the next decade will impact this scientific field.Comment: Proceedings Review for "Astrophysics in the Next Decade: JWST and Concurrent Facilities", ed. X. Tielens, 38 pages, 10 color figures. Revised to address comments from the communit

Measurement Of Charge Multiplicity Asymmetry Correlations In High-energy Nucleus-nucleus Collisions At Snn =200 Gev

A study is reported of the same- and opposite-sign charge-dependent azimuthal correlations with respect to the event plane in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. The charge multiplicity asymmetries between the up/down and left/right hemispheres relative to the event plane are utilized. The contributions from statistical fluctuations and detector effects were subtracted from the (co-)variance of the observed charge multiplicity asymmetries. In the mid- to most-central collisions, the same- (opposite-) sign pairs are preferentially emitted in back-to-back (aligned on the same-side) directions. The charge separation across the event plane, measured by the difference, Δ, between the like- and unlike-sign up/down-left/right correlations, is largest near the event plane. The difference is found to be proportional to the event-by-event final-state particle ellipticity (via the observed second-order harmonic v2obs), where Δ=[1.3±1.4(stat)-1.0+4.0(syst)]×10- 5+[3.2±0.2(stat)-0.3+0.4(syst)]×10-3v2obs for 20-40% Au+Au collisions. The implications for the proposed chiral magnetic effect are discussed. © 2014 American Physical Society.894NRF-2012004024; National Research FoundationArsene, I., (2005) Nucl. Phys. A, 757, p. 1. , (BRAHMS Collaboration),. NUPABL 0375-9474 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.02.130Back, B.B., (2005) Nucl. Phys. A, 757, p. 28. , (PHOBOS Collaboration),. NUPABL 0375-9474 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.084Adams, J., (2005) Nucl. Phys. A, 757, p. 102. , (STAR Collaboration),. NUPABL 0375-9474 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.085Adcox, K., (2005) Nucl. Phys. A, 757, p. 184. , (PHENIX Collaboration),. NUPABL 0375-9474 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.086Lee, T.D., (1973) Phys. Rev. D, 8, p. 1226. , 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.8.1226Lee, T.D., Wick, G.C., (1974) Phys. Rev. D, 9, p. 2291. , 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.9.2291Morley, P.D., Schmidt, I.A., (1985) Z. Phys. C, 26, p. 627. , ZPCFD2 0170-9739 10.1007/BF01551807Kharzeev, D., Pisarski, R.D., Tytgat, M.H.G., (1998) Phys. Rev. Lett., 81, p. 512. , PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.512Kharzeev, D., (2006) Phys. Lett. B, 633, p. 260. , PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.11.075Kharzeev, D., Zhitnitsky, A., (2007) Nucl. Phys. A, 797, p. 67. , NUPABL 0375-9474 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.10.001Fukushima, K., Kharzeev, D.E., Warringa, H.J., (2008) Phys. Rev. D, 78, p. 074033. , PRVDAQ 1550-7998 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.074033Kharzeev, D.E., McLerran, L.D., Warringa, H.J., (2008) Nucl. Phys. A, 803, p. 227. , NUPABL 0375-9474 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2008.02.298Voloshin, S.A., (2004) Phys. Rev. C, 70, p. 057901. , PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.70.057901Abelev, B.I., (2009) Phys. Rev. Lett., 103, p. 251601. , (STAR Collaboration),. PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.251601Abelev, B.I., (2010) Phys. Rev. C, 81, p. 054908. , (STAR Collaboration),. PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.054908Abelev, B., (2013) Phys. Rev. Lett., 110, p. 012301. , (ALICE Collaboration),. PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.012301Wang, Q., (2012), http://drupal.star.bnl.gov/STAR/theses/phd/quanwang, Ph.D. thesis, Purdue University, arXiv:1205.4638Ackermann, K.H., (2003) Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 499, p. 624. , (STAR Collaboration),. NIMAER 0168-9002 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01960-5Bieser, F.S., (2003) Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 499, p. 766. , (STAR Collaboration),. NIMAER 0168-9002 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01974-5Adler, C., (2003) Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 499, p. 433. , NIMAER 0168-9002 10.1016/j.nima.2003.08.112Adams, J., (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett., 92, p. 112301. , (STAR Collaboration),. PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.112301Abelev, B.I., (2009) Phys. Rev. C, 79, p. 034909. , (STAR Collaboration),. PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.79.034909Ackermann, K.H., (1999) Nucl. Phys. A, 661, p. 681. , (STAR Collaboration),. NUPABL 0375-9474 10.1016/S0375-9474(99)85117-3Anderson, M., (2003) Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 499, p. 659. , NIMAER 0168-9002 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01964-2Poskanzer, A.M., Voloshin, S.A., (1998) Phys. Rev. C, 58, p. 1671. , PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.1671Wang, G., (2005), http://drupal.star.bnl.gov/STAR/theses/ph-d/gang-wang, Ph.D. thesis, UCLAAdamczyk, L., (2012) Phys. Rev. Lett., 108, p. 202301. , (STAR Collaboration),. PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.202301Wang, F., (2010) Phys. Rev. C, 81, p. 064902. , PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.064902Pratt, S., Schlichting, S., Gavin, S., (2011) Phys. Rev. C, 84, p. 024909. , PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.84.024909Adams, J., (2005) Phys. Rev. Lett., 95, p. 152301. , (STAR Collaboration),. PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.152301Aggarwal, M.M., (2010) Phys. Rev. C, 82, p. 024912. , (STAR collaboration),. PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.024912Abelev, B.I., (2009) Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, p. 052302. , (STAR Collaboration),. PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.052302Abelev, B.I., (2009) Phys. Rev. C, 80, p. 064912. , (STAR Collaboration),. PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.80.064912Abelev, B.I., (2010) Phys. Rev. Lett., 105, p. 022301. , (STAR Collaboration),. PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.022301Agakishiev, H., (STAR Collaboration), arXiv:1010.0690Petersen, H., Renk, T., Bass, S.A., (2011) Phys. Rev. C, 83, p. 014916. , PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.014916Adamczyk, L., (2013) Phys. Rev. C, 88, p. 064911. , (STAR Collaboration),. 10.1103/PhysRevC.88.064911Asakawa, M., Majumder, A., Müller, B., (2010) Phys. Rev. C, 81, p. 064912. , PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.064912Bzdak, A., Koch, V., Liao, J., (2010) Phys. Rev. C, 81, pp. 031901R. , PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.031901Liao, J., Koch, V., Bzdak, A., (2010) Phys. Rev. C, 82, p. 054902. , PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.054902Ma, G.-L., Zhang, B., (2011) Phys. Lett. B, 700, p. 39. , PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/j.physletb.2011.04.057Voloshin, S.A., (2010) Phys. Rev. Lett., 105, p. 172301. , PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.17230

Fluctuations Of Charge Separation Perpendicular To The Event Plane And Local Parity Violation In S Nn = 200 Gev Au + Au Collisions At The Bnl Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

Previous experimental results based on data (∼15×106 events) collected by the STAR detector at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider suggest event-by-event charge-separation fluctuations perpendicular to the event plane in noncentral heavy-ion collisions. Here we present the correlator previously used split into its two component parts to reveal correlations parallel and perpendicular to the event plane. The results are from a high-statistics 200-GeV Au + Au collisions data set (57×106 events) collected by the STAR experiment. We explicitly count units of charge separation from which we find clear evidence for more charge-separation fluctuations perpendicular than parallel to the event plane. We also employ a modified correlator to study the possible P-even background in same- and opposite-charge correlations, and find that the P-even background may largely be explained by momentum conservation and collective motion. © 2013 American Physical Society.886NRF-2012004024; National Research FoundationLee, T.D., Yang, C.N., (1956) Phys. Rev., 104. , 1, 254. 0031-899X PHRVAO 10.1103/PhysRev.104.254Vafa, C., Witten, E., (1984) Phys. Rev. Lett., 53. , 2, 535. 0031-9007 PRLTAO 10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.535Lee, T.D., (1973) Phys. Rev. D, 8. , 3, 1226. 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.8.1226Lee, T.D., Wick, G.C., (1974) Phys. Rev. D, 9. , 4, 2291. 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.9.2291Kharzeev, D., Parity violation in hot QCD: Why it can happen, and how to look for it (2006) Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics, 633 (2-3), pp. 260-264. , DOI 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.11.075, PII S0370269305017430Kharzeev, D., Zhitnitsky, A., (2007) Nucl. Phys. A, 797. , 6, 67. 0375-9474 NUPABL 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.10.001Kharzeev, D., McLerran, L.D., Warringa, H.J., (2008) Nucl. Phys. A, 803. , 7, 227. 0375-9474 NUPABL 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2008.02.298Fukushima, K., Kharzeev, D.E., Warringa, H.J., (2008) Phys. Rev. D, 78. , 8, 074033. 1550-7998 PRVDAQ 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.074033Abelev, B.I., (2009) Phys. Rev. Lett., 103. , 9 (STAR Collaboration), 251601. 0031-9007 PRLTAO 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103. 251601Abelev, B.I., (2010) Phys. Rev. C, 81. , 10 (STAR Collaboration), 054908. 0556-2813 PRVCAN 10.1103/PhysRevC.81. 054908Abelev, B.I., (2013) Phys. Rev. Lett., 110. , 11 (ALICE Collaboration), 012301. 0031-9007 PRLTAO 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 110.012301Ackermann, K.H., Adams, N., Adler, C., Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, S., Allgower, C., Amonett, J., Harris, J.W., STAR detector overview (2003) Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 499 (2-3), pp. 624-632. , DOI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01960-5Adams, J., Aggarwal, M.M., Ahammed, Z., Amonett, J., Anderson, B.D., Arkhipkin, D., Averichev, G.S., Bai, Y., Directed flow in Au+Au collisions at sNN=62.4 GeV (2006) Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics, 73 (3), pp. 1-7. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevC.73.034903&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.034903, 034903Adamczyk, L., (2012) Phys. Rev. Lett., 108. , 14 (STAR Collaboration), 202301. 0031-9007 PRLTAO 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 108.202301Voloshin, S.A., Parity violation in hot QCD: How to detect it (2004) Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics, 70 (5), pp. 0579011-0579012. , DOI 10.1103/PhysRevC.70.057901, 057901Poskanzer, A.M., Voloshin, S.A., Methods for analyzing anisotropic flow in relativistic nuclear collisions (1998) Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics, 58 (3), pp. 1671-1678. , DOI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.1671Ollitrault, J.-Y., Poskanzer, A.M., Voloshin, S.A., (2009) Phys. Rev. C, 80. , 17, 014904. 0556-2813 PRVCAN 10.1103/PhysRevC.80.014904Pratt, S., Schlichting, S., Gavin, S., (2011) Phys. Rev. C, 84. , 18, 024909. 0556-2813 PRVCAN 10.1103/PhysRevC.84.024909Schlichting, S., Pratt, S., (2011) Phys. Rev. C, 83. , 19, 014913. 0556-2813 PRVCAN 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.014913Selyuzhenkov, I., Voloshin, S., (2008) Phys. Rev. C, 77. , 20, 034904. 0556-2813 PRVCAN 10.1103/PhysRevC.77.034904Kisiel, A., (2006) Comput. Phys. Commun., 174. , 21, 669. 0010-4655 CPHCBZ 10.1016/j.cpc.2005.11.010Bzdak, A., Koch, V., Liao, J., (2011) Phys. Rev. C, 83. , 22, 014905. 0556-2813 PRVCAN 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.014905Adams, J., Aggarwal, M.M., Ahammed, Z., Amonett, J., Anderson, B.D., Arkhipkin, D., Averichev, G.S., Grebenyuk, O., Azimuthal anisotropy in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV (2005) Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics, 72 (1), pp. 1-23. , http://oai.aps.org/oai/?verb=ListRecords&metadataPrefix= oai_apsmeta_2&set=journal:PRC:72, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.014904, 014904Ray, R.L., Longacre, R.S., 24, arXiv:nucl-ex/0008009 and private communicationKopylov, G.I., Podgoretsky, M.I., Kopylov, G.I., Podgoretsky, M.I., (1972) Sov. J. Nucl. Phys., 15. , 25a, 219 ()25b, Phys. Lett. B. 50, 472 (1974) 0370-2693 PYLBAJ 10.1016/0370-2693(74)90263-925c, Sov. J. Part. Nucl. 20, 266 (1989)Goldhaber, G., Goldhaber, S., Lee, W., Pais, A., (1960) Phys. Rev., 120. , 26, 325. 0031-899X PHRVAO 10.1103/PhysRev.120.32

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on 10^3 pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

The DUNE far detector vertical drift technology. Technical design report

DUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals

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http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/id/eprint/10026 and official URL: http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.37...A new species of anthiine fish, Plectranthias alcocki n. sp. is described and illustrated based on two specimens, (63.7–72.5 mm SL), recently collected from deep-waters of the Arabian Sea, off Kollam, Kerala, India. The following combination of characters distinguishes it from all other congeners: Dorsal-fin rays X, 15; anal-fin rays III, 7; pectoral-fin rays 14, all unbranched; pelvic-fin rays I, 5; lateral-line complete, the pored lateral-line scales 28; scales above lateral line to origin of dorsal fin 1; scales dorsally on head extending to posterior nostrils; no scales on maxilla or chin; gill rakers 5 + 11 (2 + 7 developed); circumpeduncular scales 10; fourth dorsal spine longest, 2.8 (2.6) in head length (HL), longest dorsal-fin soft ray (second) 2.4 (2.7) in head length; body depth 34.4 (35)% SL; head length 46 (49.8)% SL; orbital length 8.6 in SL; margin of preopercle finely serrate, the serrae 33 (28), ventral edge without antrorse spines; dorsal fin continuous and notched; first anal-fin spine 4.9 (5.6) in HL, second anal-fin spine 2.2 (2.6) in HL; pelvic fins relatively short, 4.0–4.3 in SL; the dorsal fin with a black blotch at base of fourth to eighth spines, one at base of the last three spines, and two at base of soft portion of fin, the dark pigment extending onto adjacent body.Not Availabl