Imágenes de la inmigración a través de la fotografía de prensa. un análisis de contenido

Los datos que se presentan en este artículo son el resultado de un análisis de contenido sobre la representación visual de la inmigración a través de las fotografías presentes en los principales diarios españoles de ámbito nacional. Un estudio que es parte de un proyecto de investigación más amplio sobre el tratamiento informativo de la inmigración. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, y tomando la Teoría del Framing como base teórica, se puede afirmar que la cobertura dada a cada actor relacionado con la inmigración (policías, políticos y los propios inmigrantes) es diferente. Igualmente, que existen diferencias entre los periódicos, atendiendo a la línea editorial del diario (progresista frente a conservador) y al modelo de diario (prensa de prestigio frente a sensacionalista) en el tratamiento visual de la inmigración

Contribution of infauna and mussel-raft epifauna to demersal fish diets

The contribution of infauna and mussel-raft epifauna to the diet of 3 dominant species in the demersal fish community of the Ria de Arosa, N. W. Spain - Lesueurigobius friesii (Gobiidae), Callionymus lyra (Callionymidae) and Trisopterus luscus (Gadidae) - was determined. Intense raft mussel culture in the Ria de Arosa supports a rich epifauna which constitutes the main food resource for the fishes studied. In contrast, infauna density is low and contributes only a small proportion to fish diets. Prey consumed was similar in the 3 fish species. Gut contents consisted mainly of the small crab Pisidia longicornis. This decapod is a dominant component of the raft epifauna, and electivity indices indicate that it is selected by the fishes. In the Ria de Pontevedra, which contains fewer mussel rafts, these fish fed on infauna. Thus, one effect of intense mussel aquaculture has been to change the food habits of these 3 fishes from predominantly infauna to raft epifauna diet.versión del edito

Embarazo a término en mujer con trasplante renal previo

En esta comunicación se presenta la evolución de un embarazo, con parto prematuro de 33-34 semanas, en una enferma que previamente había recibido un trasplante renal

A new player in cartilage homeostasis: adiponectin induces nitric oxide synthase type II and pro-inflammatory cytokines in chondrocytes

SummaryObjectiveRecent studies revealed a close connection between adipose tissue, adipokines and articular degenerative inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). The goal of this work was to investigate the activity of adiponectin in human and murine chondrocytes and to study its functional role in the modulation of nitric oxide synthase type II (NOS2). For completeness, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) accumulation have been evaluated in adiponectin-stimulated chondrocytes cell culture supernatants.MethodsMurine ATDC5 cell line, C28/I2, C20A4, TC28a2 human immortalized chondrocytes, and human cultured chondrocytes were used. Nitrite accumulation was determined by Griess reaction. Adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) expression was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy and confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. NOS2 expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis whereas cytokines, prostanoids and metalloproteinases production was evaluated by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsHuman and murine chondrocytes express functional AdipoRs. Adiponectin induces NOS2. This effect is inhibited by aminoguanidine, dexamethasone and by a selective inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In addition, adiponectin is able to increase IL-6, MMP-3, MMP-9 and MCP-1 by murine cultured chondrocytes whereas it was unable to modulate TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-2, TIMP-1, PGE2 and LTB4 release.ConclusionsThese results bind more closely the interactions between fat-derived adipokines and articular inflammatory diseases, and suggest that adiponectin is a novel key element in the maintenance of cartilage homeostasis which might be considered as a potential therapeutical target in joint degenerative diseases

Growth of octopus (Octopus vulgaris) males and females under culture conditions

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Neurogranin and Neurofilament Light Chain as Preclinical Biomarkers in Scrapie

Prion diseases are diagnosed in the symptomatic stage, when the neuronal damage is spread throughout the central nervous system (CNS). The assessment of biological features that allow the detection of asymptomatic cases is needed, and, in this context, scrapie, where pre-symptomatic infected animals can be detected through rectal biopsy, becomes a good study model. Neurogranin (Ng) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) are proteins that reflect synaptic and axonal damage and have been studied as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in different neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we evaluated Ng and NfL both at the protein and transcript levels in the CNS of preclinical and clinical scrapie-affected sheep compared with healthy controls and assessed their levels in ovine CSF. The correlation between these proteins and the main neuropathological events in prion diseases, PrPSc deposition and spongiosis, was also assessed. The results show a decrease in Ng and NfL at the protein and gene expression levels as the disease progresses, and significant changes between the control and preclinical animals. On the contrary, the CSF levels of NfL increased throughout the progression of the disease. Negative correlations between neuropathological markers of prion disease and the concentration of the studied proteins were also found. Although further research is needed, these results suggest that Ng and NfL could act as biomarkers for neurodegeneration onset and intensity in preclinical cases of scrapie

Bases de la respuesta inflamatoria en la forma respiratoria del PRRS

El Síndrome Reproductivo y Respiratorio Porcino (PRRS) es una enfermedad de distribución mundial que causa graves pérdidas económicas al sector porcino. Este virus no sólo es importante como agente causal del PRRS sino también por su participación en el desarrollo del Complejo Respiratorio Porcino. Su interacción con las defensas pulmonares, la alteración de la respuesta inmune y su persistencia en los órganos linfoides conlleva a que los cerdos tengan dificultades para luchar contra la enfermedad.Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is considered as the most economically important disease of the modern swine industry. The importance of this virus lies in not only being the causative agent of PRRSV, but also due to its implication in the onset of the Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex. The interaction of the virus with pulmonary defenses, the impairment of the immune response as well as the viral persistence in lymphoid organs make overcoming the disease diffi cult to infected pigs

Aplicación de diferentes métodos de marcado externo a Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 con referencia especial a las marcas de tipo T y a los discos de Petersen

En este trabajo se presentan datos de persistencia y efectos provocados por una gran variedad de estilos de marcas (loops, marcas de conejos, cinchas, cintas plásticas flexibles, lancetas, discos de Petersen, marcas de tipo T, marcas plásticas circulares, banderillas plásticas rectangulares, soportes de bisutería, pines comerciales y quemaduras con nitrógeno líquido) aplicadas al cefalópodo Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 sometido a condiciones de cultivo. Tras una primera revisión de los resultados obtenidos con los diferentes sistemas de marcado se concluye que los discos de Petersen y las marcas de tipo T son los más aconsejables. Ambos muestran una retención adecuada después de un mes (90 y 80 % respectivamente), una persistencia máxima de tres meses, un coste similar y ambos son detectados externamente con facilidad. Sin embargo, los discos de Petersen producen heridas considerables y requieren un proceso de inserción más laborioso, por lo que, finalmente, el sistema considerado más adecuado fue la inserción de marcas de tipo T en el brazo III izquierdoThis paper presents a study on the persistence and effects caused by a wide variety of types of tag (loops, rabbit tags, girths, flexible plastic bands, small darts, Petersen disks, T-bar anchor tags, circular plastic tags, rectangular plastic flags, jewellery pins, commercial badges, and burning with liquid nitrogen) applied to the cephalopod Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797, under culture conditions. Preliminary analysis of the results obtained with the different tagging systems indicates that Petersen disks and T-bar anchor tags are the most suitable types. Both provide adequate retention after 1 month (90 % and 80 %, respectively), a maximum persistence of three months, a similar cost, and they are easily recognised externally. However, Petersen disks can produce serious injuries, and require a more laborious insertion process. Therefore, in the final analysis, the insertion of T-bar anchor tags in left arm III can be considered the most appropriate systemThis work has been carried out with a grant from the Inter-ministerial Commission for Science and Technology and the Instituto Español de Oceanografía, as part of the CYTMAR 97-0323 projec

Neuroimmune response mediated by cytokines in natural scrapie after chronic dexamethasone treatment

The actual role of prion protein-induced glial activation and subsequent cytokine secretion during prion diseases is still incompletely understood. The overall aim of this study is to assess the effect of an anti-inflammatory treatment with dexamethasone on different cytokines released by neuroglial cells that are potentially related to neuroinflammation in natural scrapie. This study emphasizes the complex interactions existent among several pleiotropic neuromodulator peptides and provides a global approach to clarify neuroinflammatory processes in prion diseases. Addition-ally, an impairment of communication between microglial and astroglial populations mediated by cytokines, mainly IL-1, is suggested. The main novelty of this study is that it is the first one assessing in situ neuroinflammatory activity in relation to chronic anti-inflammatory therapy, gaining relevance because it is based on a natural model. The cytokine profile data would suggest the activation of some neurotoxicity-associated route. Consequently, targeting such a pathway might be a new approach to modify the damaging effects of neuroinflammation

Tracing sulfate recycling in the hypersaline Pétrola lake (SE Spain): A combined isotopic and microbiological approach

Sulfur (S) plays a significant role in saline environments, and sulfate (SO4 2−) is an important component of the biogeochemical S-cycle since it acts as the main electron acceptor in anoxic sediments. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the fate of S, its origin, and processes affecting sulfate outcome in the hypersaline Pétrola Lake in the Castilla-La Mancha region (High Segura Basin, SE Spain). The lake is the terminal discharge zone of an endorheic basin with considerable anthropogenic pressures. Anthropogenic activities (mainly agricultural inputs and wastewater discharge), together with bedrock leaching of sulfate and sulfide-rich sediments, increase dissolved SO4 2− in surface and groundwater up to 123,000 mg/L. The source and fate of sulfate in this environment was investigated coupling hydrochemistry, including hydrogen sulfide (H2S) microprofiles, isotopic analyses (δ34S, δ18OSO4, δ2HH2O, δ18OH2O, and tritium), mineralogical determinations, and molecular biology tools (16S rDNA amplification and sequencing). The origin of dissolved SO4 2− in water is related to pyrite oxidation from Lower Cretaceous sediments, and secondary gypsum dissolution. Under the lake, dissolved SO4 2− decreases with depth, controlled by three main processes: (1) seasonal evaporation cycles, (2) hydrodynamic instability caused by the different density-driven groundwater flow, and (3) sulfate-reduction processes, i.e. dissimilatory bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR). These processes control the continuous recycling of sulfur in the system. Lake water and groundwater are in hydraulic connection, and a density-driven flow (DDF) is able to transport reactive organic matter and dissolved SO4 2− towards the underlying aquifer. Hydrochemical evolution in depth, H2S production (up to 0.024 nmol/cm3·s) and the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria suggest the existence of BSR processes. However, isotope techniques are insufficient to elucidate BSR processes since their isotopic effect is masked by low isotope fractionation and high SO4 2− concentrations. The pattern here described may be found in other saline basins worldwide