Texturing methods of abrasive grinding wheels: a systematic review

Creating textures on abrasive wheels is a strategy that allows a significant improvement in grinding operations. The reduction of the internal stresses in the workpiece and the temperature during the grinding operation generates an increase in the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece and a longer tool life. Textured abrasive wheels can be produced in many different ways. Depending on the processing method, the dimensional accuracy of the tool and its applicability is changed. Some methods can produce tools with three-dimensional grooves; there are also methods that are employed for the re-texturing of grooves after the grooved zone wears out. In the literature, the benefits of textured grinding wheels over traditional wheels have been extensively discussed. However, information on the particularities of texturing methods is still lacking. To clarify the advantages, limitations, and main advances regarding each of the groove production methods, the authors of this article carried out a systematic review. The objective of this work is to establish the factors that are affected by groove production methods and the technological advances in this area. The benefits and drawbacks of various grooving techniques are then reviewed, and potential study areas are indicated.This research was funded by FCT national funds, under the national support to R&D units grant, through the reference projects UIDB/04436/2020, UIDP/04436/2020, UIDB/00690/2020, UIDP/00690/2020, and SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020). This work is within the scope of the Sharlane Costa Ph.D. degree in progress, financially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the PhD grant reference 2021.07352.BDinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Didatic methodology to calibrate an ultrasound phased array system

Non-destructive testing (NDT) is an extensive field that plays a vital role in determining the functioning of systems and components. This work describes a didactic methodology to calibrate the OmniScan MX2 equipment manufactured by Olympus which is based phase in phased array ultrasound technology. In this study was used an ultrasonic transducer (SA10- N55S 5L16) composed by sixteen linear array elements. For the standard calibration, the angular beam had 36.1º, the frequency had 5MHz and the pattern block was the AW5083 manufactured in 6061 aluminum alloy.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Determinação do cálcio trocável em solos pelo método do glioxal bis (2-hidroxianil)

The method for the colorimetric determination of exchangeable calcium in soils, based on the reaction with glyoxal is proposed. The interference of some ions which are normaly found in soil extracts, (magnesium, copper, manganese, aluminum, iron and sulfate) as well as its elimination with KCN and trietanolamine, were studied. The new method was compared with the one using EDTA titration, the results showing the same precision for both.Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo sobre a determinação do cálcio trocável do solo, através do método colorimétrico do glioxal bis (2-hidroxianil). São apresentados os dados referentes às curvas de absorção e a estabilidade do glioxal e do composto cálcio glioxal, a relação entre as leituras e a concentração de cálcio em soluções padrões e a interferência de diversos íons. Com base nos resultados encontrados, é proposta uma técnica para a determinação do elemento, em extratos de solo, obtidos com solução de cloreto de potássio 1 normal» sendo os interferentes mascarados com cianeto de potássio e trietanolamina. Os resultados obtidos na determinação do cálcio em oito amostras de solo do Estado de São Paulo, são comparados com aquêles encontrados através do método quelatométrico do EDTA

Alternatives to the use of antibiotics for laying hens in growing phase

This study evaluated the performance, immune response to vaccination, digestive organs, intestinal histomorphometry, and microbiological development in the diet and litter of Isa Brown strains at growing receiving phase alternative additives in the place of antibiotics. Four treatments were arrayed in a completely randomized design: T1) Basal diet without antibiotics, T2) Basal diet with antibiotics, T3) Basal diet with probiotics, and T4) Basal diet without antibiotics and water modified by a photoelectron generator. There were six replications of eight birds each and thus a total of 192 birds. Performance was evaluated for eight weeks and during this period blood samples were collected at 9, 12 and 15 weeks of age for serological evaluation. At the end of the experimental period, 24 birds were euthanized, collecting the intestinal tract and later performing histomorphometry. Microbiological analyses were performed in the experimental diets and in the material of the litter of the boxes. The results obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and the contrast between treatment means when significant by Tukey’s test. The results indicate that the replacement of antibiotics with T3 or T4 did not interfere negatively (P >0.05) in the performance of the birds, immunological response, viscera analyses and intestinal histomorphometry. In addition, use of T3 and T4 might lead to more rapid decomposition of excreta and reduce antibiotic residue in the soil when the litter is used in crop production.Keywords: dileka, Gallus domesticus, histomorphometry, laying hens, probiotics, serum biochemistry, wate

Optimization clustering techniques on register unemployment data

An important strategy for data classification consists in organising data points in clusters. The k-means is a traditional optimisation method applied to cluster data points. Using a labour market database, aiming the segmentation of this market taking into account the heterogeneity resulting from different unemployment characteristics observed along the Portuguese geographical space, we suggest the application of an alternative method based on the computation of the dominant eigenvalue of a matrix related with the distance among data points. This approach presents results consistent with the results obtained by the k-means.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL DE MACROELEMENTOS MINERAIS EM BOVINOS E BUBALINOS EM CONFINAMENTO

A pesquisa foi conduzida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa(MG), no período entre dezembro de 1994 e julho de 1995 Objetivou-se com a pesquisa estimar o conteúdo corporal de macroelementos minerais de bovinos Nelore, mestiços europeu-zebu e bubalinos, abatidos em diferentes estádios de maturidade. Foram utilizados 35 bovinos machos não-castrados sendo 12 Nelore (NEL), 12 F1 Holandês-Nelore (HN), 11 bimestiços 1/4 Fleckvieh-5/16 Angus-7/16 Nelore (BM) e 11 bubalinos mestiços Mediterrâneo (BUF), com pesos vivos médios iniciais de 294; 404; 358; e 353 Kg, respectivamente, e idade média de 24 meses. Os animais de cada grupo genético foram, aleatoriamente, divididos em três grupos experimentais, abate inicial ou referência (AB) e dois grupos de alimentação ad libitum (AL1 e AL2). No grupo AB foram alocados quatro animais NEL, quatro HN, três BM e três BUF e nos grupos AL1 e AL2 quatro animais, de cada grupo genético. Após o período de adaptação de 60 dias, onde os animais receberam o mesmo tratamento, aqueles do grupo AB foram abatidos. Os animais dos grupos (AL1 e AL2) eram abatidos ao atingirem pesos equivalentes a 100 e 110 % do peso à maturidade da vaca do grupo racial correspondente. Estes pesos eram, respectivamente, 450 e 500 Kg para NEL e BUF e 500 e 550 Kg para HN e BM. A ração continha milho desintegrado com palha e sabugo, farelo de soja, uréia, minerais e feno de braquiária decumbens, numa proporção de concentrado:volumoso 50:50 e 13% de proteína bruta, na matéria seca. Após o abate, utilizando-se amostras representativas da carcaça e dos diferentes órgãos e tecidos corporais, foram determinadas as quantidades do macroelementos minerais (cálcio, fósforo, magnésio, sódio e potássio) contidas no corpo vazio dos animais. Para se estimar as mudanças na composição corporal nos intervalos de pesos incluídos na pesquisa, foram ajustadas equações de regressão dos logarítmos dos conteúdos de macroelementos minerais (Kg), em função do peso corporal vazio (PCV), em Kg. Verificou-se efeito (

Realizing Opportunities in Forest Growth Modelling

The world is continually changing: the emergence of new technology and new demands for pertinent information pose new challenges and possibilities for forest management. Are forest growth models keeping up with client needs? To remain relevant, modelers need to anticipate client needs, gauge the data needed to satisfy these demands, develop the tools to collect and analyze these data efficiently, and resolve how best to deliver the resulting models and other findings. Researchers and managers should jointly identify and articulate anticipated needs for the future, and initiate action to satisfy them. New technology that offers potential for innovation in forest growth modelling include modelling software, automated data collection, and animation of model outputs. New sensors in the sky and on forest machines can routinely provide data previously considered unattainable (e.g., tree coordinates, crown dimensions), as census rather than sample data. What does this revolution in data availability imply for forest growth models, especially for our choice of driving variables

Updated Analysis of a_1 and a_2 in Hadronic Two-body Decays of B Mesons

Using the recent experimental data of $B\to D^{(*)}(\pi,\rho)$, $B\to D^{(*)} D_s^{(*)}$, $B\to J/\psi K^{(*)}$ and various model calculations on form factors, we re-analyze the effective coefficients a_1 and a_2 and their ratio. QCD and electroweak penguin corrections to a_1 from $B\to D^{(*)}D_s^{(*)}$ and a_2 from $B\to J/\psi K^{(*)}$ are estimated. In addition to the model-dependent determination, the effective coefficient a_1 is also extracted in a model-independent way as the decay modes $B\to D^{(*)}h$ are related by factorization to the measured semileptonic distribution of $B\to D^{(*)}\ell \bar\nu$ at $q^2=m_h^2$. Moreover, this enables us to extract model-independent heavy-to-heavy form factors, for example, $F_0^{BD}(m_\pi^2)=0.66\pm0.06\pm0.05$ and $A_0^{BD^*}(m_\pi^2)=0.56\pm0.03\pm0.04$. The determination of the magnitude of a_2 from $B\to J/\psi K^{(*)}$ depends on the form factors $F_1^{BK}$, $A_{1,2}^{BK^*}$ and $V^{BK^*}$ at $q^2=m^2_{J/\psi}$. By requiring that a_2 be process insensitive (i.e., the value of a_2 extracted from $J/\psi K$ and $J/\psi K^*$ states should be similar), as implied by the factorization hypothesis, we find that $B\to K^{(*)}$ form factors are severely constrained; they respect the relation $F_1^{BK}(m^2_{J/\psi})\approx 1.9 A_1^{BK^*}(m^2_{J/\psi})$. Form factors $A_2^{BK^*}$ and $V^{BK^*}$ at $q^2=m^2_{J/\psi}$ inferred from the measurements of the longitudinal polarization fraction and the P-wave component in $B\to J/\psi K^*$ are obtained. A stringent upper limit on a_2 is derived from the current bound on \ov B^0\to D^0\pi^0 and it is sensitive to final-state interactions.Comment: 33 pages, 2 figures. Typos in Tables I and IX are corrected. To appear in Phys. Rev.

Quantum Correlation in One-dimensional Extend Quantum Compass Model

We study the correlations in the one-dimensional extended quantum compass model in a transverse magnetic field. By exactly solving the Hamiltonian, we find that the quantum correlation of the ground state of one-dimensional quantum compass model is vanishing. We show that quantum discord can not only locate the quantum critical points, but also discern the orders of phase transitions. Furthermore, entanglement quantified by concurrence is also compared.Comment: 8 pages, 14 figures, to appear in Eur. Phys. J.