2,372 research outputs found
Biologie et dynamique des populations de la crevette Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) en Guyane française
La biologie et la dynamique des populations des diverses phases du cycle de vie de la crevette Penaeidae #Xiphopenaeus kroyeri$ (HELLER, 1862) en Guyane française ont été étudiées en fonction des conditions du milieu (mer et estuaire). La phase postlarvaire a été analysée à partir de prélèvements bimensuels à l'aide d'un filet à plancton sur un estuaire de la région. Nous avons abordé : les caractères morphologiques déterminant l'espèce, le recrutement dans l'estuaire, les variations saisonnières de l'abondance et les relations avec les facteurs physicochimiques. Les résultats ont montré l'influence de facteurs tels que le courant et la salinité sur l'entrée des postlarves dans l'estuaire, ainsi que l'absence pour la région étudiée d'une migration verticale (jour-nuit) des postlarves. Pour l'étude de la phase juvénile, des prélèvements ont été réalisés sur la pêche artisanale à l'aide de "barrières chinoises". Nous avons étudié les variations saisonnières des tailles, la migration estuaire-mer et la croissanc
Taxas de letalidade por tuberculose na cidade de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, de 2001 a 2009
The mortality rate among tuberculosis patients (TB fatality) has been attributed to irregular chemotherapy, delay in diagnosis, multidrug resistance, and HIV coinfection. To analyze TB fatality rates by sex, clinical presentation and HIV coinfection in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. ohorts of residents in the city of Campinas who either died during treatment for tuberculosis or had the disease confirmed after death were divided into three intervals: 2001-2003, 2004-2006, and 2007-2009. Data were obtained from the database of the Tuberculosis Surveillance System of the University of Campinas, and notifications were gathered through TB-WEB Health São Paulo Secretary. Statistical significance was determined using a chi-square test, considering p < 0.05. Between 2001 and 2009, 3,416 TB patients were diagnosed: 2,827 (82.8%) were new TB cases and 589 (17.2%) were retreatments. Between the first and second triennium, the number of new patients decreased by 18%, and 23% among retreatments. Between the second and third intervals, the reduction was 5% and 21%, respectively. General case fatality rate declined from 11.4% to 9.9% across intervals, and was most significant among patients that had previously abandoned treatment (17.3% to 5.1%). Fatality rates among patients coinfected with TB-AIDS were 2-3 times that of patients not infected with TB-AIDS throughout the intervals. Fatality between the first and third triennium among TB-AIDS co-infected patients declined (24.8% to 19.5%), while increasing slightly among non-AIDS TB patients (7.3% to 8%) during this period. Conclusion: Though mortality among TB-AIDS patients declined from 2001-2009, rates among non-AIDS TB remained stagnant. Improved TB diagnosis and treatment is needed to further decrease TB mortality in Campinas22A letalidade por tuberculose tem sido atribuÃda à quimioterapia irregular, à demora no diagnóstico, à multidrogarresistência, à coinfecção com o vÃrus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Analisar letalidade por tuberculose segundo sexo, apresentação clÃnica, presença da coinfecção pelo HIV, em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram verificadas coortes de residentes em Campinas que morreram durante tratamento para tuberculose e aqueles notificados após óbito, agrupados em três intervalos: 2001-2003, 2004-2006 e 2007-2009. As informações foram obtidas no Banco de Dados para Vigilância da Tuberculose da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), com captação das notificações no Sistema de Notificação e Acompanhamento de Casos de Tuberculose da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de São Paulo. A significância estatÃstica foi verificada pelo teste χ2 considerando p < 0,05.
Entre 2001 e 2009, foram diagnosticados 3.416 pacientes com tuberculose: 2.827 (82,8%) sem tratamento anterior e 589 (17,2%) com retratamentos. Entre o primeiro e o segundo triênio, o número de pacientes novos diminuiu 18% sem tratamento anterior e 23% entre retratamentos. Entre o segundo e o terceiro intervalo, a redução foi de 5 e 21%, respectivamente. A letalidade geral declinou de 11,4 para 9,9%, diferença mais significante entre os que haviam abandonado tratamento anteriormente (17,3 para 5,1%). A letalidade entre pacientes com coinfecção tuberculose-sÃndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (Aids) foi 2-3 vezes maior que entre tuberculose sem aids durante todo o perÃodo estudado. A letalidade entre o primeiro e o terceiro triênio declinou no grupo com tuberculose-aids (24,8 para 19,5%), enquanto teve ligeiro aumento entre tuberculose sem aids (7,3 para 8%).
Embora a mortalidade entre pacientes com tuberculose-aids tenha diminuÃdo de 2001-2009, as taxas no grupo tuberculose sem aids permaneceram estagnadas. Melhorias no diagnóstico e no tratamento são necessárias para a redução da mortalidade entre pacientes com tuberculose em Campina
Profile of female swimmers competing in the 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships
This study aimed to understand whether there are significant differ-
ences in stroke kinematics between tiers in female swimmers com-
peting in the four 50 m events of the 2021 European Championships
and to understand the speed-time relationship in the four race events
per tier. Participants were all female swimmers (backstroke: 78 swim-
mers; breaststroke: 75 swimmers; butterfly: 74 swimmers; freestyle:
87 swimmers) who participated in the 50 m events at the 2021 LEN
European Championships held in Budapest (i.e. heats, semi-finals,
and final). For each swimming stroke, swimmers were divided into
three tiers (best-performing swimmers, intermedium-performing
swimmers, and poorest-performing swimmers). Swimming speed
revealed a significant tier effect (p < 0.05) in all race sections for all
swimming strokes. The other stroke kinematic variables revealed
divergent findings, but the stroke frequency presented an overall
tier effect (p < 0.05) across all four swimming strokes. Curve fitting for
all swimming strokes and tiers revealed a cubic relationship. Thus, it
should be considered that female swimmers who compete in 50 m
events in major competitions adopt an all-out strategy. The present
data provide coaches with insightful information about the main
trend in 50 m sprint events, specifically in each section of the race.The work was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [UIDB/DTP/04045/2020].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Productive indicator in a Holstein dairy herd: growth and height curves, reproductive and productive traits and genetic parameters
Data on weight, height, productive and reproductive performance of 1,272 Holstein heifers, born from 1990 to 1998, were used to evaluate the growth and height patterns of these females from birth to first calving, and the following traits: weight at first calving (PP), age at first calving (IP), milk production in the first lactation (PL) and first calving interval (IEP), and to estimate genetic parameters of these traits. The von Bertalanffy fitted models were: Yi=802.10 (1-0.630EXP (-0.0022t)) for weight, and Yi=1.40 (1-0.208EXP (-0.0038t)) for height. The average performance of heifers were: height 140cm, weight 602kg and 27 month of age at first calving. The total milk yield was 8,026kg and first IEP was 420 days. The (co)variance components estimates were obtained by a derivative-free algorithm with the DFREML. The estimates of heritabilities were 0.31, 0.35, 0.34, respectively for PP, IP and PL, and 0.10 for IEP. The genetic correlations estimates between PP and PL, PL and IP and IEP and PL were low. The correlation between IEP and PP was 0.49 and between IEP and IP was, -0.69, sugesting an antagonism between the two last traits.Foram analisados dados de peso, altura e desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de 1.272 novilhas da raça Holandesa, nascidas no perÃodo de 1990 a 1998. Estudaram-se o desenvolvimento em peso e altura do nascimento até o primeiro parto, as caracterÃsticas peso ao primeiro parto (PP), idade ao primeiro parto (IP), produção de leite na primeira lactação (PL), primeiro intervalo de partos (IEP), e os parâmetros genéticos pertinentes. As equações para as curvas de peso e altura, estimadas pelo modelo proposto por von Bertalanffy, foram: Yi= 802,10 (1 - 0,630EXP (-0,0022t)) e Yi= 1,40 (1 - 0,208EXP (-0,0038t)), respectivamente. As novilhas atingiram o primeiro parto com altura média de 140cm e peso de 602kg aos 27 meses de idade. A produção total de leite na primeira lactação foi de 8.026kg e o primeiro IEP 420 dias. Na obtenção dos componentes de (co)variância utilizou-se o método da máxima verossimilhança restrita livre de derivada. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram 0,31, 0,35 e 0,34, respectivamente, para PP, IP e PL, e 0,10 para IEP, evidenciando variância genética aditiva média para as três primeiras caracterÃsticas. As correlações genéticas apresentaram pequena magnitude para PP e PL, PL e IP, e IEP e PL. A correlação entre IEP e PP foi 0,49; entre IEP e IP o valor foi negativo, -0,69, indicando provável antagonismo entre as duas últimas caracterÃsticas.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de GenéticaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e ZootecniaInstituto de ZootecniaUniversidade de São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de QueirozUNIFESP, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Depto. de GenéticaSciEL
Normative data of the start in the 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships and understanding its relationship with the final race
This study aimed to: (i) present normative data of the variables related to the start in
the four swim strokes by tier and sex, and; (ii) understand the relationship between the 15th
meter mark time and the final race time of the male and female swimmers competing in the four
50 m events at the 2021 European Championships. Participants were all male and female
swimmers who competed in the 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships held in
Budapest. The official race times and block times were retrieved from the official competition
website. All starting variables were analyzed in a dedicated software for race analysis. The 15th
meter mark time was used as the start main outcome. For all events by sex, the 15th meter mark
time was the variable presenting the highest and largest tier effect (p < 0.001) besides the final
race time. Overall, despite the swim stroke, the variables related to the underwater phase were
also responsible for the significant tier effect (p < 0.001). The 15th meter mark time presented a
high to very-high relationship with the final race time in all four swim strokes. This relationship
was stronger in freestyle (both sexes). That is, swimmers who achieve the 15th meter mark sooner
are more likely to deliver better performances. Coaches must be aware that the underwater
phase plays a key-role on the swimmers’ (both sexes) start performance. Nonetheless, different
strategies can be used based on the swimmers’ strength and weaknesses. Moreover, the start
performance in all four swim strokes and in both sexes can strongly predict the final race time.This research was supported by national funds (FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science
and Technology) under the project UIDB/DTP/04045/2020info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Using statistical parametric mapping to compare the propulsion of age-group swimmers in front crawl acquired with the Aquanex system
Understanding the difference in each upper limb between age groups can provide deeper
insights into swimmers’ propulsion. This study aimed to: (1) compare swimming velocity and a set of
kinematical variables between junior and juvenile swimmers and (2) compare the propulsion outputs
through discrete and continuous analyses (Statistical Parametric Mapping—SPM) between junior and
juvenile swimmers for each upper limb (i.e., dominant and non-dominant). The sample was composed
of 22 male swimmers (12 juniors with 16.35 0.74 years; 10 juveniles with 15.40 0.32 years). A set
of kinematic and propulsion variables was measured at maximum swimming velocity. Statistical
Parametric Mapping was used as a continuous analysis approach to identify differences in the
propulsion of both upper limbs between junior and juvenile swimmers. Junior swimmers were
significantly faster than juveniles (p = 0.04, d = 0.86). Although juniors showed higher propulsion
values, the SPM did not reveal significant differences (p < 0.05) for dominant and non-dominant
upper limbs between the two age groups. This indicates that other factors (such as drag) may be
responsible for the difference in swimming velocity. Coaches and swimmers should be aware that an
increase in propulsion alone may not immediately lead to an increase in swimming velocity.This work is supported by national funds (FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and
Technology) under the project UIDB/DTP/04045/2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Using wearables to monitor swimmers’ propulsive force to get real-time feedback and understand its relationship to swimming velocity
Evidence on the role of propulsion compared to drag in swimming, based on experimental
settings, is still lacking. However, higher levels of propulsion seem to lead to faster swimming veloci-
ties. The aim of this study was to understand the variation in a set of kinematic and kinetic variables
between two swimming sections and their relationship to swimming velocity. The sample consisted
of 15 young adult recreational swimmers (8 males: 20.84 ± 2.03 years; 7 females: 20.13 ± 1.90 years).
Maximum swimming velocity and a set of kinematic and kinetic variables were measured during
two consecutive sections of the swimming pool. Differences between sections were measured and
the determinants of swimming velocity were analyzed. Swimming velocity, propulsive force, and the
other kinematic and kinetic variables did not change significantly (p < 0.05) between sections (only
the intra-cyclic fluctuation of swimming velocity decreased significantly, p = 0.005). The modeling
identified the propulsive force, stroke length, and active drag coefficient as the determinants of
swimming velocity. Swimming velocity was determined by the interaction of kinematic and kinetic
variables, specifically propulsive force and active drag coefficientThis research was funded by FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology,
grant number UIDB/DTP/04045/2020info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Is leg kicking workout position affecting kinematic and hydrodynamic variables in front-craw?
Swimming training includes leg kicking workouts, whereas
swimmerschoose betweenhead out (RO) or headin (HI) position
holding afllitter kick board. Ourobjective was to characterize
andanalyse differences between the t\vo legkicking positions in
Swimming Vdocity (Y, 1n m/s), lntra-cyclic variation of the
horizontal velocity (dv, dimensionless), Active Drag (D, in N),
Hydrodynamic Coefficient (CD •. dimensionless), Mechanical
Power (P, in W) andfrontal surfacearea (FSA, ia m2). Thirteen
swimmers (15.3 ± 2,9 years~old) participated in thisstudy.
Frontal surface area was calculated according to the proposal of
Morais et aI. (201l)byphotogrammetry. Aftefa standard warmup,
swimmers performed 4x25mbouts at maximum velocity as
follows: i) 2XcrawI HO Ieg-kick; ii) 2XcrawI HI Ieg-kick. ln the
first bout ofeach the V and the dv were measured usingaspeedmeter
cable that Was attached to lhe swimmer's hip (Barbosaet
aI., 2013). In the secondbout CD was obtained through the
velocity perturbation method (Kolmogorov and Duplishcheva,
1992).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Stress Concentration on PDMS: An evaluation of three numerical constitutive models using digital image correlation
The examination of hyperelastic materials’ behavior, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is crucial for applications
in areas as biomedicine and electronics. However, the limitations of hyperelastic models for specific
stress scenarios, with stress concentration, are not well explored on the literature. To address this, firstly, three
constitutive models were evaluated (Neo-Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin, and Ogden) using numerical simulations and
Digital Image Correlation (DIC) analysis during a uniaxial tensile test. The samples were made of PDMS with
stress concentration geometries (center holes, shoulder fillets, and edge notches). Results of ANOVA analysis
showed that any of the three models can be chosen for numerical analysis of PDMS since no significant differences
in suitability were found. Finally, the Ogen model was chosen to obtain the stress concentration factors for
these geometries, a property which characterize how discontinuities change the maximum stress supported by an
element. Our study provides new values for variables needed to analyze and design hyperelastic elements and
produce a foundation for understanding PDMS stress-strain behavior.The authors acknowledge the projects EXPL/EME-EME/0732/2021
and 2022.06207.PTDC for the financial support, through national funds
(OE), within the scope of the Scientific Research and Technological
Development Projects (IC&DT) program in all scientific domains
(PTDC), PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, European Regional
Development Fund (FEDER), via the Foundation for Science and Technology,
I.P. (FCT, I.P) and the R&D Units projects (UIDB/00690/2020
and UIDP/00690/2020) (CIMO), SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020), UIDB/
04077/2020, UIDP/04077/2020, UIDB/04436/2020 and UIDB/00532/
2020. Andrews Souza acknowledges FCT for the Ph.D. scholarship
2021.07961.BD.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Nongenotoxic Effects And A Reduction Of The Dxr-induced Genotoxic Effects Of Helianthus Annuus Linné (sunflower) Seeds Revealed By Micronucleus Assays In Mouse Bone Marrow
Background: This research evaluated the genotoxicity of oil and tincture of H. annuus L. seeds using the micronucleus assay in bone marrow of mice. The interaction between these preparations and the genotoxic effects of doxorubicin (DXR) was also analysed (antigenotoxicity test) .Methods: Experimental groups were evaluated at 24-48 h post treatment with N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea (positive control - NEU), DXR (chemotherapeutic), NaCl (negative control), a sunflower tincture (THALS) and two sources of sunflower oils (POHALS and FOHALS). Antigenotoxic assays were carried out using the sunflower tincture and oils separately and in combination with NUE or DXR. Results: For THALS, analysis of the MNPCEs showed no significant differences between treatment doses (250-2,000 mg.Kg-1) and NaCl. A significant reduction in MNPCE was observed when THALS (2,000 mg.Kg-1) was administered in combination with DXR (5 mg.Kg-1). For POHALS or FOHALS, analysis of the MNPCEs also showed no significant differences between treatment doses (250-2,000 mg.Kg-1) and NaCl. However, the combination DXR + POHALS (2,000 mg.Kg-1) or DXR + FOHALS (2,000 mg.Kg-1) not contributed to the MNPCEs reduction. Conclusions: This research suggests absence of genotoxicity of THALS, dose-, time- and sex-independent, and its combination with DXR can reduce the genotoxic effects of DXR. 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