Management of whitefly transmitted viruses in openfield production systems

Whiteflies are a key pest of crops in open-field production throughout the tropics andsubtropics. This is due in large part to the long and diverse list of devastating plantviruses transmitted by these vectors. Open-field production provides many challengesto manage these viruses and in many cases adequate management has not been possible.Diseases caused by whitefly-transmitted viruses have become limiting factors inopen-field production of a wide range of crops, i.e., bean golden mosaic disease inbeans, tomato yellow leaf curl disease in tomato, cassava mosaic disease and cassavabrown streak disease in cassava, and cotton leaf crumple disease in cotton. While hostresistance has proven to be the most cost-effective management solution, few examplesof host resistance have been developed to date. The main strategy to limit the incidenceof virus-infected plants has been the application of insecticides to reduce vectorpopulations aided to some extent by the use of selected cultural practices. However,due to concerns about the effect of insecticides on pollinators, consumer demandfor reduced pesticide use, and the ability of the whitefly vectors to developinsecticide-resistance, there is a growing need to develop and deploy strategies thatdo not rely on insecticides. The reduction in pesticide use will greatly increase the needfor genetic resistance to more viruses in more crop plants. Resistance combined withselected IPM strategies could become a viable means to increase yields in crops producedin open fields despite the presence of whitefly-transmitted viruses. Whiteflies are a key pest of crops in open-field production throughout the tropics andsubtropics. This is due in large part to the long and diverse list of devastating plantviruses transmitted by these vectors. Open-field production provides many challengesto manage these viruses and in many cases adequate management has not been possible.Diseases caused by whitefly-transmitted viruses have become limiting factors inopen-field production of a wide range of crops, i.e., bean golden mosaic disease inbeans, tomato yellow leaf curl disease in tomato, cassava mosaic disease and cassavabrown streak disease in cassava, and cotton leaf crumple disease in cotton. While hostresistance has proven to be the most cost-effective management solution, few examplesof host resistance have been developed to date. The main strategy to limit the incidenceof virus-infected plants has been the application of insecticides to reduce vectorpopulations aided to some extent by the use of selected cultural practices. However,due to concerns about the effect of insecticides on pollinators, consumer demandfor reduced pesticide use, and the ability of the whitefly vectors to developinsecticide-resistance, there is a growing need to develop and deploy strategies thatdo not rely on insecticides. The reduction in pesticide use will greatly increase the needfor genetic resistance to more viruses in more crop plants. Resistance combined withselected IPM strategies could become a viable means to increase yields in crops producedin open fields despite the presence of whitefly-transmitted viruses. Whiteflies are a key pest of crops in open-field production throughout the tropics andsubtropics. This is due in large part to the long and diverse list of devastating plantviruses transmitted by these vectors. Open-field production provides many challengesto manage these viruses and in many cases adequate management has not been possible.Diseases caused by whitefly-transmitted viruses have become limiting factors inopen-field production of a wide range of crops, i.e., bean golden mosaic disease inbeans, tomato yellow leaf curl disease in tomato, cassava mosaic disease and cassavabrown streak disease in cassava, and cotton leaf crumple disease in cotton. While hostresistance has proven to be the most cost-effective management solution, few examplesof host resistance have been developed to date. The main strategy to limit the incidenceof virus-infected plants has been the application of insecticides to reduce vectorpopulations aided to some extent by the use of selected cultural practices. However,due to concerns about the effect of insecticides on pollinators, consumer demandfor reduced pesticide use, and the ability of the whitefly vectors to developinsecticide-resistance, there is a growing need to develop and deploy strategies thatdo not rely on insecticides. The reduction in pesticide use will greatly increase the needfor genetic resistance to more viruses in more crop plants. Resistance combined withselected IPM strategies could become a viable means to increase yields in crops producedin open fields despite the presence of whitefly-transmitted viruses. Whiteflies are a key pest of crops in open-field production throughout the tropics andsubtropics. This is due in large part to the long and diverse list of devastating plantviruses transmitted by these vectors. Open-field production provides many challengesto manage these viruses and in many cases adequate management has not been possible.Diseases caused by whitefly-transmitted viruses have become limiting factors inopen-field production of a wide range of crops, i.e., bean golden mosaic disease inbeans, tomato yellow leaf curl disease in tomato, cassava mosaic disease and cassavabrown streak disease in cassava, and cotton leaf crumple disease in cotton. While hostresistance has proven to be the most cost-effective management solution, few examplesof host resistance have been developed to date. The main strategy to limit the incidenceof virus-infected plants has been the application of insecticides to reduce vectorpopulations aided to some extent by the use of selected cultural practices. However,due to concerns about the effect of insecticides on pollinators, consumer demandfor reduced pesticide use, and the ability of the whitefly vectors to developinsecticide-resistance, there is a growing need to develop and deploy strategies thatdo not rely on insecticides. The reduction in pesticide use will greatly increase the needfor genetic resistance to more viruses in more crop plants. Resistance combined withselected IPM strategies could become a viable means to increase yields in crops producedin open fields despite the presence of whitefly-transmitted viruses. Whiteflies are a key pest of crops in open-field production throughout the tropics andsubtropics. This is due in large part to the long and diverse list of devastating plantviruses transmitted by these vectors. Open-field production provides many challengesto manage these viruses and in many cases adequate management has not been possible.Diseases caused by whitefly-transmitted viruses have become limiting factors inopen-field production of a wide range of crops, i.e., bean golden mosaic disease inbeans, tomato yellow leaf curl disease in tomato, cassava mosaic disease and cassavabrown streak disease in cassava, and cotton leaf crumple disease in cotton. While hostresistance has proven to be the most cost-effective management solution, few examplesof host resistance have been developed to date. The main strategy to limit the incidenceof virus-infected plants has been the application of insecticides to reduce vectorpopulations aided to some extent by the use of selected cultural practices. However,due to concerns about the effect of insecticides on pollinators, consumer demandfor reduced pesticide use, and the ability of the whitefly vectors to developinsecticide-resistance, there is a growing need to develop and deploy strategies thatdo not rely on insecticides. The reduction in pesticide use will greatly increase the needfor genetic resistance to more viruses in more crop plants. Resistance combined withselected IPM strategies could become a viable means to increase yields in crops producedin open fields despite the presence of whitefly-transmitted viruses. Whiteflies are a key pest of crops in open-field production throughout the tropics andsubtropics. This is due in large part to the long and diverse list of devastating plantviruses transmitted by these vectors. Open-field production provides many challengesto manage these viruses and in many cases adequate management has not been possible.Diseases caused by whitefly-transmitted viruses have become limiting factors inopen-field production of a wide range of crops, i.e., bean golden mosaic disease inbeans, tomato yellow leaf curl disease in tomato, cassava mosaic disease and cassavabrown streak disease in cassava, and cotton leaf crumple disease in cotton. While hostresistance has proven to be the most cost-effective management solution, few examplesof host resistance have been developed to date. The main strategy to limit the incidenceof virus-infected plants has been the application of insecticides to reduce vectorpopulations aided to some extent by the use of selected cultural practices. However,due to concerns about the effect of insecticides on pollinators, consumer demandfor reduced pesticide use, and the ability of the whitefly vectors to developinsecticide-resistance, there is a growing need to develop and deploy strategies thatdo not rely on insecticides. The reduction in pesticide use will greatly increase the needfor genetic resistance to more viruses in more crop plants. Resistance combined withselected IPM strategies could become a viable means to increase yields in crops producedin open fields despite the presence of whitefly-transmitted viruses

Vector-Enabled Metagenomic (VEM) Surveys Using Whiteflies (Aleyrodidae) Reveal Novel Begomovirus Species in the New and OldWorlds

Whitefly-transmitted viruses belonging to the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) represent a substantial threat to agricultural food production. The rapid evolutionary potential of these single-stranded DNA viruses combined with the polyphagous feeding behavior of their whitefly vector (Bemisia tabaci) can lead to the emergence of damaging viral strains. Therefore, it is crucial to characterize begomoviruses circulating in different regions and crops globally. This study utilized vector-enabled metagenomics (VEM) coupled with high-throughput sequencing to survey begomoviruses directly from whiteflies collected in various locations (California (USA), Guatemala, Israel, Puerto Rico, and Spain). Begomoviruses were detected in all locations, with the highest diversity identified in Guatemala where up to seven different species were identified in a single field. Both bipartite and monopartite viruses were detected, including seven new begomovirus species from Guatemala, Puerto Rico, and Spain. This begomovirus survey extends the known diversity of these highly damaging plant viruses. However, the new genomes described here and in the recent literature appear to reflect the outcome of interactions between closely-related species, often resulting from recombination, instead of unique, highly divergent species

Busca por Tomato yellow leaf curl virus e Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus em tomateiros Survey on Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus in tomatoes

A doença causada pelo complexo de vírus do tomato yellow leaf curl (TYLC) é muito séria em tomateiro, principalmente na América Central e Europa, e é causada por um complexo de begomovírus monopartidos. A doença torna-se predominante, mesmo em áreas com a presença de outros begomovírus. No Brasil, os problemas advindos da infecção por begomovírus uram entre os principais fatores de perdas e oneração de custos. A introdução do complexo TYLC representa uma grande ameaça para os produtores. Este estudo visou a realização de testes de detecção baseados em reação de polimerase em cadeia (PCR) e hibridização específicos em amostras suspeitas coletadas no estado de São Paulo. Um total de 46 amostras com sintomas lembrando aqueles causados pelo complexo TYLC foram coletados no município de Campinas. Todas as amostras foram negativas para detecção de Tomato yellow leaf curl virus e Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus, as duas espécies mais importantes do completo TYLC. Este resultado sugeriu que as duas espécies de vírus ainda não foram introduzidas no Brasil ou que ainda não apresentam uma larga distribuição.<br>The disease caused by the virus complex of tomato yellow leaf curl (TYLC) is extremely severe in tomato plants, notably in Central America and Europe, and is caused by a complex of begomovirus species. The disease becomes predominant even in areas with the presence of other begomoviruses. In Brazil. the problems arisen from begomovirus infection are one of the major factors for damages and increasing the costs. The introduction of the TYLC complex implies in a great threat for growers. This study aimed to carry out detection tests based on PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and specific hybridization on suspected samples collected in the São Paulo State, Brazil. A total of 46 samples with symptoms resembling those caused by the TYLC complex were collected in Campinas county. All samples were negative for the detection of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus, the two most important virus from the TYLC complex. This result suggested that the two species have not yet been introduced in Brazil or that they are not widespread