52 research outputs found
Arsenic Contamination in Food-chain: Transfer of Arsenic into Food Materials through Groundwater Irrigation
Arsenic contamination in groundwater in Bangladesh has become an additional concern vis-à -vis its use for irrigation purposes. Even if arsenic-safe drinking-water is assured, the question of irrigating soils with arsenic-laden groundwater will continue for years to come. Immediate attention should be given to assess the possibility of accumulating arsenic in soils through irrigation-water and its subsequent entry into the food-chain through various food crops and fodders. With this possibility in mind, arsenic content of 2,500 water, soil and vegetable samples from arsenic-affected and arsenic-unaffected areas were analyzed during 1999–2004. Other sources of foods and fodders were also analyzed. Irrigating a rice field with groundwater containing 0.55 mg/L of arsenic with a water requirement of 1,000 mm results in an estimated addition of 5.5 kg of arsenic per ha per annum. Concentration of arsenic as high as 80 mg per kg of soil was found in an area receiving arsenic-contaminated irrigation. A comparison of results from affected and unaffected areas revealed that some commonly-grown vegetables, which would usually be suitable as good sources of nourishment, accumulate substantially-elevated amounts of arsenic. For example, more than 150 mg/kg of arsenic has been found to be accumulated in arum (kochu) vegetable. Implications of arsenic ingested in vegetables and other food materials are discussed in the paper
Arsenic Contamination in Food-chain: Transfer of Arsenic into Food Materials Through Groundwater Irrigation
Arsenic contamination in groundwater in Bangladesh has become an
additional concern vis-\ue0-vis its use for irrigation purposes. Even
if arsenic-safe drinking-water is assured, the question of irrigating
soils with arsenic-laden groundwater will continue for years to come.
Immediate attention should be given to assess the possibility of
accumulating arsenic in soils through irrigation-water and its
subsequent entry into the food-chain through various food crops and
fodders. With this possibility in mind, arsenic content of 2,500 water,
soil and vegetable samples from arsenic-affected and arsenic-unaffected
areas were analyzed during 1999-2004. Other sources of foods and
fodders were also analyzed. Irrigating a rice field with groundwater
containing 0.55 mg/L of arsenic with a water requirement of 1,000 mm
results in an estimated addition of 5.5 kg of arsenic per ha per annum.
Concentration of arsenic as high as 80 mg per kg of soil was found in
an area receiving arsenic-contaminated irrigation. A comparison of
results from affected and unaffected areas revealed that some
commonly-grown vegetables, which would usually be suitable as good
sources of nourishment, accumulate substantially-elevated amounts of
arsenic. For example, more than 150 mg/kg of arsenic has been found to
be accumulated in arum (kochu) vegetable. Implications of arsenic
ingested in vegetables and other food materials are discussed in the
paper
Enhancing rice production in sub-Saharan Africa: Characterization of rice blast pathogen and establishment of a rice breeding strategy for durable disease resistance
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms, races and vegetative compatibility groups within a worldwide collection of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. gladioli
Proceedings of the 2016 Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Scientific Meeting
The elegans fusaria causing wilt disease of carnation. II. Distinction of vegetative compatibility groups
Examination of the relationships between vegetative compatibility groups and races in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi
Mapping quantitative trait loci responsible for resistance to sheath blight in rice
Rice sheath blight (ShB), caused by the soilborne pathogen Rhizoctonia
solani, annually causes severe losses in yield and quality in many
rice production areas worldwide. Jasmine 85 is an indica cultivar that has
proven to have a high level of resistance to this pathogen. The objective
of this study was to determine the ability of controlled environment
inoculation assays to detect ShB resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs)
in a cross derived from the susceptible cv. Lemont and the resistant cv.
Jasmine 85. The disease reactions of 250 F5 recombinant inbred lines
(RILs) were measured on the seedlings inoculated using microchamber
and mist-chamber assays under greenhouse conditions. In total, 10 ShBQTLs
were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 9 using these two
methods. The microchamber method identified four of five new ShBQTLs,
one on each of chromosomes 1, 3, 5, and 6. Both microchamber
and mist-chamber methods identified two ShB-QTLs, qShB1 and qShB9-
2. Four of the ShB-QTLs or ShB-QTL regions identified on chromosomes
2, 3, and 9 were previously reported in the literature. The major
ShB-QTL qShB9-2, which cosegregated with simple sequence repeat
(SSR) marker RM245 on chromosome 9, contributed to 24.3 and 27.2%
of total phenotypic variation in ShB using microchamber and mistchamber
assays, respectively. qShB9-2, a plant-stage-independent QTL,
was also verified in nine haplotypes of 10 resistant Lemont/Jasmine 85
RILs using haplotype analysis. These results suggest that multiple ShBQTLs
are involved in ShB resistance and that microchamber and mistchamber
methods are effective for detecting plant-stage-independent
QTLs. Furthermore, two SSR markers, RM215 and RM245, are robust
markers and can be used in marker-assisted breeding programs to
improve ShB resistance
Unmet needs in paediatric psychopharmacology: Present scenario and future perspectives
Item does not contain fulltextPaediatric psychopharmacology holds great promise in two equally important areas of enormous biomedical and social impact, namely the treatment of behavioural abnormalities in children and adolescents, and the prevention of psychiatric disorders with adolescent- or adult-onset. Yet, in striking contrast, pharmacological treatment options presently available in child and adolescent psychiatry are dramatically limited. The most important currently unmet needs in paediatric psychopharmacology are: the frequent off-label prescription of medications to children and adolescents based exclusively on data from randomized controlled studies involving adult patients; the frequent lack of age-specific dose, long-term efficacy and tolerability/safety data; the lack of effective medications for many paediatric psychiatric disorders, most critically autism spectrum disorder; the scarcity and limitations of randomized placebo-controlled trials in paediatric psychopharmacology; the unexplored potential for the prevention of psychiatric disorders with adolescent- and adult-onset; the current lack of biomarkers to predict treatment response and severe adverse effects; the need for better preclinical data to foster the successful development of novel drug therapies; and the effective dissemination of evidence-based treatments to the general public, to better inform patients and families of the benefits and risks of pharmacological interventions during development. Priorities and strategies are proposed to overcome some of these limitations, including the European Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychopharmacology Network, as an overarching Pan-European infrastructure aimed at reliably carrying out much needed psychopharmacological trials in children and adolescents, in order to fill the identified gaps and improve overall outcomes
Genetic diversity of the entomopathogenVerticillium lecanii on the basis of vegetative compatibility
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