Applicability of fluidic controls to a Rankine cycle automotive engine Final report

Fluidic controls for automotive engine examined by Rankine cycle performance with water, CP-34, and freon TF and investigation for boiler and feed pump control criteri

Target-specific glioma therapy in an immunocompetent mouse model : meeting abstract

Objective: Establishment of an immunocompetent mouse model representing the typical progressive stages observed in malignant human gliomas for the in vivo evaluation of novel target-specific regimens. Methods: Isolated clones from tumours that arose spontaneously in GFAP-v-src transgenic mice were used to develop a transplantable brain tumour model in syngeneic B6C3F1 mice. STAT3 protein was knocked down by infection of tumour cells with replication-defective lentivirus encoding STAT3-siRNA. Apoptosis is designed to be induced by soluble recombinant TRAIL + chemical Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitors. Results: Striatal implantation of 105 mouse tumour cells resulted in the robust development of microscopically (2 – 3 mm) infiltrating malignant gliomas. Immunohistochemically, the gliomas displayed the astroglial marker GFAP and the oncogenic form of STAT3 (Tyr-705-phosphorylated) which is found in many malignancies including gliomas. Phosphorylated STAT3 was particularly prominent in the nucleus but was also found at the plasma membrane of peripherally infiltrating glioma cells. To evaluate the role of STAT3 in tumour progression, we stably expressed siRNA against STAT3 in several murine glioma cell lines. The effect of STAT3 depletion on proliferation, invasion and survival will be first assessed in vitro and subsequently after transplantation in vivo. Upstream and downstream components of the STAT3 signalling pathway as well as possible non-specific side effects of STAT3-siRNA expression after lentiviral infection will be examined, too. Conclusions: Its high rate of engraftment, its similarity to the malignant glioma of origin, and its rapid locally invasive growth should make this murine model useful in testing novel therapies for malignant gliomas

Hierarchical ZSM‐5 catalysts: The effect of different intracrystalline pore dimensions on catalyst deactivation behaviour in the MTO reaction

We present the effect of different combinations of intracrystalline pore systems in hierarchical ZSM‐5 zeolites on their performance as MTO catalysts. We prepared ZSM‐5 zeolites with additional intracrystalline mesoporous, intracrystalline macropores and a novel ZSM‐5 type zeolite with intracrystalline meso and macropores. The catalytic results showed that both used catalysts with mesopores and macropores exhibited three times longer catalyst lifetime compared to a conventional catalyst. However, TGA analysis of the deactivated catalysts showed much larger coke content in the mesoporous catalyst than in the macroporous catalyst. Consequently, macropores predominantly led to reduced coke formation rate while additional mesopores predominantly enhanced the resistance against deactivation by coke. Combining both intracrystalline meso and macropores in one catalyst lead to a tenfold increase in catalyst lifetime. Besides the effect on the catalyst lifetime there was also a strong effect of the additional pore systems on the selectivity of the catalysts. The catalysts containing mesopores showed reduced selectivity to short chain olefins and increased selectivity to larger hydrocarbons in comparison to the catalysts without a mesopores system

The vascular bone marrow niche influences outcome in chronic myeloid leukemia via the E-selectin - SCL/TAL1-CD44 axis.

The endosteal bone marrow niche and vascular endothelial cells provide sanctuaries for leukemic cells. In murine chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) CD44 on leukemia cells and E-selectin on bone marrow endothelium are essential mediators for the engraftment of leukemic stem cells. We hypothesized that non-adhesion of CML-initiating cells to E-selectin on the bone marrow endothelium may lead to superior eradication of leukemic stem cells in CML after treatment with imatinib than imatinib alone. Indeed, here we show that treatment with the E-selectin inhibitor GMI-1271 in combination with imatinib prolongs survival of mice with CML via decreased contact time of leukemia cells with bone marrow endothelium. Non-adhesion of BCR-ABL1(+) cells leads to an increase of cell cycle progression and an increase of expression of the hematopoietic transcription factor and proto-oncogene Scl/Tal1 in leukemia-initiating cells. We implicate SCL/TAL1 as an indirect phosphorylation target of BCR-ABL1 and as a negative transcriptional regulator of CD44 expression. We show that increased SCL/TAL1 expression is associated with improved outcome in human CML. These data demonstrate the BCR-ABL1-specific, cell-intrinsic pathways leading to altered interactions with the vascular niche via the modulation of adhesion molecules - which could be exploited therapeutically in the future

The positive impact of agile retrospectives on the collaboration of distributed development teams – A practical approach on the example of Bosch engineering GmbH

To counteract competitive pressure, increasing customer requirements and growing product complexity successful distributed collaboration in product development is vital. Companies have to face new challenges, such as efficiency losses in communication. To overcome these challenges agile working practices, such as agile retrospectives, could be beneficial. The objective of this scientific work is to evaluate the benefit of agile working practices on the example of agile retrospectives, for the improvement of collaboration in distributed development teams. Based on literature analysis, qualitative and quantitative expert interviews following the DRM by Blessing and Chakrabarti, this scientific work shows that agile working practices have a high potential to improve distributed collaboration. To address this potential, several virtual agile retrospectives are developed and conducted within a distributed team at Bosch Engineering GmbH. The evaluation of this approach results in a high potential of agile retrospectives indicating an improvement tendency. Especially iteratively implemented virtual agile retrospectives have a positive impact on successful distributed collaboration

Arctic anthropogenic sound contributions from seismic surveys during summer 2013

Statoil deployed three acoustic recorders from fall 2013 to 2014 in the Arctic region as part of a broad scientific campaign. One recorder was installed in the Barentsz Sea south-east of Spitsbergen. Two other recorders were installed in the Greenland Sea north-east of Greenland. All recorders were operating at a duty cycle of 2 min on and 30 min off, sampling at 39,062 Hz and recording in 24 bits. The Greenland recorders both captured air gun surveys performed during the summer months of 2013, allowing to estimate the transmission loss in the Arctic over long ranges. This paper presents “log(R)” transmission loss curves for these scenarios that can help assessing the acoustic shipping impact for future expeditions.Postprint (published version

Decellularised tissues obtained by a CO2-philic detergent and supercritical CO2

Tissue decellularisation has gained much attention in regenerative medicine as an alternative to synthetic materials. In decellularised tissues, biological cues can be maintained and provide cellular environments still unmet by synthetic materials. Supercritical CO2 (scCO2 ) has recently emerged as a promising alternative decellularisation technique to aggressive detergents; in addition, scCO2 provides innate sterilisation. However, to date, decellularisation with scCO2 is limited to only a few tissue types with low cellular density. In the current study, a scCO2 technique to decellularise high density tissues, including articular cartilage, tendon and skin, was developed. Results showed that most of the cellular material was removed, while the sample structure and biocompatibility was preserved. The DNA content was reduced in cartilage, tendon and skin as compared to the native tissue. The treatment did not affect the initial tendon elastic modulus [reduced from 126.35 ± 9.79 MPa to 113.48 ± 8.48 MPa (p 〉 0.05)], while it reduced the cartilage one [from 12.06 ± 2.14 MPa to 1.17 ± 0.34 MPa (p 〈 0.0001)]. Interestingly, cell adhesion molecules such as fibronectin and laminin were still present in the tissues after decellularisation. Bovine chondrocytes were metabolically active and adhered to the surface of all decellularised tissues after 1 week of cell culture. The developed method has the potential to become a cost-effective, one-step procedure for the decellularisation of dense tissues

Towards a greater engagement of universities in addressing climate change challenges

Many higher education institutions around the world are engaged in efforts to tackle climate change. This takes place by not only reducing their own carbon footprint but also by educating future leaders and contributing valuable research and expertise to the global effort to combat climate change. However, there is a need for studies that identify the nature of their engagement on the topic, and the extent to which they are contributing towards addressing the many problems associated with climate change. Against this background, this paper describes a study that consisted of a review of the literature and the use of case studies, which outline the importance of university engagement in climate change and describe its main features. The study identified the fact that even though climate change is a matter of great relevance to universities, its coverage in university programmes is not as wide as one could expect. Based on the findings, the paper also lists the challenges associated with the inclusion of climate change in university programmes. Finally, it describes some of the measures which may be deployed in order to maximise the contribution of higher education towards handling the challenges associated with a changing climate

Synthesis and Characterisation of Hierarchically Structured Titanium Silicalite‐1 Zeolites with Large Intracrystalline Macropores

The successful synthesis of hierarchically structured titanium silicalite‐1 (TS‐1) with large intracrystalline macropores by steam‐assisted crystallisation of mesoporous silica particles is reported. The macropore topology was imaged in 3D by using electron tomography and synchrotron radiation‐based ptychographic X‐ray computed tomography, revealing interconnected macropores within the crystals accounting for about 30 % of the particle volume. The study of the macropore formation mechanism revealed that the mesoporous silica particles act as a sacrificial macropore template during the synthesis. Silicon‐to‐titanium ratio of the macroporous TS‐1 samples was successfully tuned from 100 to 44. The hierarchically structured TS‐1 exhibited high activity in the liquid phase epoxidation of 2‐octene with hydrogen peroxide. The hierarchically structured TS‐1 surpassed a conventional nano‐sized TS‐1 sample in terms of alkene conversion and showed comparable selectivity to the epoxide. The flexible synthesis route described here can be used to prepare hierarchical zeolites with improved mass transport properties for other selective oxidation reactions