Wave climate model of the Mid-Atlantic shelf and shoreline (Virginian Sea): Model development, shelf geomorphology, and preliminary results

A computerized wave climate model is developed that applies linear wave theory and shelf depth information to predict wave behavior as they pass over the continental shelf as well as the resulting wave energy distributions along the coastline. Reviewed are also the geomorphology of the Mid-Atlantic Continental Shelf, wave computations resulting from 122 wave input conditions, and a preliminary analysis of these data

Anomalous temperature dependence of surface tension and capillary waves at liquid gallium

The temperature dependence of surface tension \gamma(T) at liquid gallium is studied theoretically and experimentally using light scattering from capillary waves. The theoretical model based on the Gibbs thermodynamics relates the temperature derivative of \gamma to the surface excess entropy -\Delta S. Although capillary waves contribute to the surface entropy with a positive sign the effect of dipole layer on \Delta S is negative. Experimental data collected at a free Ga surface in the temperature range from 30 to 160 C show that the temperature derivative of the tension changes sign near 100 C.Comment: 11 pages, 1 Postscript figure, submitted to J. Phys.

Bouncing Neutrons and the Neutron Centrifuge

The recent observation of the quantum state of the neutron bouncing freely under gravity allows some novel experiments. A method of purifying the ground state is given, and possible applications to the measurement of the electric dipole moment of the neutron and the short distance behaviour of gravity are discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

Comparison of two experiments on radiative neutron decay

Over 10 years ago we proposed an experiment on measuring the characteristics of radiative neutron decay in papers [1, 2]. At the same time we had published the theoretical spectrum of radiative gamma quanta, calculated within the framework of the electroweak interactions, on the basis of which we proposed the methodology for the future experiment [3,4]. However, because we were denied beam time on the intensive cold neutron beam at ILL (Grenoble, France) for a number of years, we could only conduct the experiment in 2005 on the newly opened FRMII reactor of Technical University of Muenchen. The main result of this experiment was the discovery of radiative neutron decay and the measurement of its relative intensity B.R.= (3.2+-1.6)10-3 with C.L.=99.7% for radiative gamma quanta with energy over 35 kev [5,6]. Over a year after our first announcement about the results of the conducted experiment, "Nature" [7] published a letter asserting that its authors have also measured the branching ratio of radiative neutron decay B.R.= (3.13+-0.34)10-3 with C.L.=68% and gamma quanta energy from 15 to 340 kev. This article aims to compare these two experiments. It is shown that the use of strong magnetic fields in the NIST (Washington, USA) experiment methodology not only prevents any exact measurement of the branching ratio and identification of radiative neutron decay events, but also makes registration of ordinary neutron decay events impossible.Comment: contribution on conference ISINN-1

The Chromospheric Activity and Ages of M Dwarf Stars in Wide Binary Systems

We investigate the relationship between age and chromospheric activity for 139 M dwarf stars in wide binary systems with white dwarf companions. The age of each system is determined from the cooling age of its white dwarf component. The current limit for activity-age relations found for M dwarfs in open clusters is 4 Gyr. Our unique approach to finding ages for M stars allows for the exploration of this relationship at ages older than 4 Gyr. The general trend of stars remaining active for a longer time at later spectral type is confirmed. However, our larger sample and greater age range reveals additional complexity in assigning age based on activity alone. We find that M dwarfs in wide binaries older than 4 Gyr depart from the log-linear relation for clusters and are found to have activity at magnitudes, colors and masses which are brighter, bluer and more massive than predicted by the cluster relation. In addition to our activity-age results, we present the measured radial velocities and complete space motions for 161 white dwarf stars in wide binaries.Comment: 22 pages including 9 figures and 5 tables. Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journa

The association of antiphospholipid antibodies with severe early-onset pre-eclampsia

Objective. To confirm the association of antiphospholipid antibodies with early onset of severe pre-eclampsia before 30 weeks' gestation.Study design. Thirty-four patients with diastolic blood pressure levels ≥ 110 mmHg and at least 2+ proteinuria before the 30th week of pregnancy were randomly chosen for inclusion in the study. Blood samples were taken for assessment of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACAs), lupus anticoagulant, syphilitic serology and antinuclear antibodies. Fifteen normal antenatal patients matched for age, parity and gestational age acted as control subjects.Results. Four of the 34 women (11,7%) in the study group had elevated levels of both ACAs and lupus anticoagulant, compared with none in the control group. This was not found to be statistically different.Conclusion. Given the low incidence of positive ACAs in early-onset severe pre-eclampsia it is unlikely that they are implicated in its pathogenesis. It is possible that they represent a small subset of patients with alternative or combined pathology

Inter-species variation in colour perception

Inter-species variation in colour perception poses a serious problem for the view that colours are mind-independent properties. Given that colour perception varies so drastically across species, which species perceives colours as they really are? In this paper, I argue that all do. Specifically, I argue that members of different species perceive properties that are determinates of different, mutually compatible, determinables. This is an instance of a general selectionist strategy for dealing with cases of perceptual variation. According to selectionist views, objects simultaneously instantiate a plurality of colours, all of them genuinely mind-independent, and subjects select from amongst this plurality which colours they perceive. I contrast selectionist views with relationalist views that deny the mind-independence of colour, and consider some general objections to this strategy

Understanding students’ motivation towards proactive career behaviours through goal-setting theory and the job demands–resources model

The graduate labour market is highly competitive but little is known about why students vary in their development of employability. This study contributes to the literature by applying goal-setting theory and the job demands–resources model to investigate how motivational processes influence students’ proactive career behaviours. We tested four hypotheses using structural equation modelling and moderation/mediation analysis using a nested model approach; 432 undergraduates from 21 UK universities participated in this cross-sectional study. The results showed that students higher in mastery approach had greater perceived employability mediated by two proactive career behaviours (skill development and network building). Students’ career goal commitment was associated with all four proactive career behaviours (career planning, skill development, career consultation and network building). Students’ academic and employment workloads did not negatively impact their proactive career behaviours. University tutors and career services should therefore encourage students to set challenging career goals that reflect mastery approach

Changing eruptive styles and textural features from phreatomagmatic to strombolian activity of basaltic littoral cones: Los Erales cinder cone, Tenerife, Canary Islands

Montaña Los Erales is a 70 m high Quaternary cinder cone in the Bandas del Sur region, south Tenerife. Field observations on excavated sections and SEM analysis of tephra samples from the cone suggest that the eruption style of this vent changed progressively from an initial hydrovolcanic phase, through a transitional stage, to one that was entirely strombolian. Clast sizes increase from ≤1 cm angular lapilli in hydrovolcanic samples to 15 cm bombs in strombolian samples. Vesicles also increase in size from 0.5 mm to 1.2 mm, becoming more rounded in the strombolian samples. Palagonitization, extensive in the hydrovolcanic deposits, becomes less noticeable in strombolian deposits. To investigate the causes for and the nature of these changes in eruptive style, products from each major unit were analysed for their morphology, using scanning electron microscopy with both SE and BSE imaging as tephra morphologies are known to reflect the eruptive regime and degree of explosivity at the time of eruption. SEM imaging of hydrovolcanic samples illustrate angular fragments that have been rapidly quenched and contain high levels of palagonitisation and zeolitisation, whereas strombolian samples appear to be less altered and display larger clast sizes and vesicles. Our results confirm that the initial phase of activity was largely driven by magma-water (coolant) interaction, where magma may have interacted with a lens of fresh ground or surface water, causing intense fragmentation of the magma. With proceeding eruptive activity the water became exhausted, giving rise to an entirely strombolian eruptive style. Additionally, fossil diatoms were found in hydrovolcanic samples, further emphasising the influence of a, probably fluvial, water source during the early phase of emplacement.La Montaña de Los Erales es un cono de cínder del Cuaternario de 70 m de altura situado en la zona de las Bandas del Sur, en el litoral meridional de la isla de Tenerife. Observaciones de campo en secciones excavadas en los flancos del cono y análisis SEM de las muestras de tefra sugieren que el estilo eruptivo de este aparato volcánico cambió progresivamente durante la erupción de una fase inicial hidrovolcánica a una final enteramente estromboliana, con estadios intermedios transicionales. El tamaño de los clastos aumenta de ≤1 cm de lapilli angular en las muestras hidrovolcánicas a bombas de 15 cm en las estrombolianas. Las vesículas también aumentan en tamaño desde 0,5 mm a 1,2 mm, volviéndose más redondeadas en las muestras estrombolianas. Los intensos procesos de palagonitización de los depósitos hidrovolcánicos son menos significativos en las fases estrombolianas. Con objeto de investigar la naturaleza y las causas de estos cambios se analizó la morfología de los productos de las principales fases. Se han utilizado para ello imágenes de microscopía electrónica (SE y BSE), ya que se sabe que las diferentes morfologías de estos piroclastos reflejan el régimen eruptivo y el grado de explosividad durante la erupción. Las imágenes SEM de las muestras hidrovolcánicas presentan fragmentos angulares que se han enfriado rápidamente y con elevado grado de palagonitización y zeolitización. Las estrombolianas, en cambio, aparecen menos alteradas y muestran mayor tamaño de clastos y vesículas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la fase inicial de la erupción se caracteriza por una importante interacción magma-agua (refrigerante), probablemente relacionada con una cantidad limitada de agua superficial o freática que produjo la intensa fragmentación del magma. En el transcurso de la erupción la fuente de agua se agotó, dando lugar a las fases finales de carácter enteramente estromboliano. Fósiles de diatomeas, que se han encontrado asociados a las muestras hidrovolcánicas, refuerzan la posibilidad de que el agua fuera de origen superficial, probablemente el cauce de un barranco

Four-terminal resistance of an interacting quantum wire with weakly invasive contacts

We analyze the behavior of the four-terminal resistance, relative to the two-terminal resistance of an interacting quantum wire with an impurity, taking into account the invasiveness of the voltage probes. We consider a one-dimensional Luttinger model of spinless fermions for the wire. We treat the coupling to the voltage probes perturbatively, within the framework of non-equilibrium Green function techniques. Our investigation unveils the combined effect of impurities, electron-electron interactions and invasiveness of the probes on the possible occurrence of negative resistance.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure