73 research outputs found
When reduced input leads to delayed acquisition: a study on the acquisition of clitic placement by Portuguese heritage speakers
This article examines the competence of heritage speakers of Portuguese living in Germany with
respect to clitic placement in Portuguese by comparing their performance with that of monolingual
speakers of the same age (7â15 years of age) in a test designed to elicit oral production data. The
results of the study indicate that the heritage speakers go through stages in the acquisition of
clitic placement that are similar to those of monolingual acquirers even though they take longer
to attain the target grammar
Southward re-distribution of tropical tuna fisheries activity can be explained by technological and management change
There is broad evidence of climate change causing shifts in fish distribution worldwide, but less is known about the response of fisheries to these changes. Responses to climate-driven shifts in a fishery may be constrained by existing management or institutional arrangements and technological settings. In order to understand how fisheries are responding to ocean warming, we investigate purse seine fleets targeting tropical tunas in the east Atlantic Ocean using effort and sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) data from 1991 to 2017. An analysis of the spatial change in effort using a centre of gravity approach and empirical orthogonal functions is used to assess the spatiotemporal changes in effort anomalies and investigate links to SSTA. Both analyses indicate that effort shifts southward from the equator, while no clear pattern is seen northward from the equator. Random forest models show that while technology and institutional settings better explain total effort, SSTA is playing a role when explaining the spatiotemporal changes of effort, together with management and international agreements. These results show the potential of management to minimize the impacts of climate change on fisheries activity. Our results provide guidance for improved understanding about how climate, management and governance interact in tropical tuna fisheries, with methods that are replicable and transferable. Future actions should take into account all these elements in order to plan successful adaptation. © 2020 The Authors. Fish and Fisheries published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.This research is supported by the project CLOCK, under the European
Horizon 2020 Program, ERC Starting Grant Agreement nÂș679812
funded by the European Research Council. It is also supported by the
Basque Government through the BERC 2018-2021 programme and
by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness MINECO
through the BC3 MarĂa de Maeztu excellence accreditation MDM-
2017-0714. We thank, without implicating, C. Palma for his helpful
advice on the ICCAT database and M. Gabantxo and H. Gabantxo for
their knowledge transfer about tropical tuna fisheries. Also, we thank
I. Arostegui for her comments during the design of the random forest;
F. Saborido, A. Tidd and H. Arrizabalaga for scientific advice and
H. Murua and M. Ortiz for providing ICCAT data. Elena Ojea thanks
the Xunta the Galicia GAIN Oportunius programme and ConsellerĂa
de EducaciĂłn (Galicia, Spain) for additional financial support
Pere Alberch's developmental morphospaces and the evolution of cognition
In this article we argue for an extension of Pere Alberch's notion of developmental morphospace into the realm of cognition and introduce the notion of cognitive phenotype as a new tool for the evolutionary and developmental study of cognitive abilities
Non-crossing dependencies: Least effort, not grammar
The use of null hypotheses (in a statistical sense) is common in hard sciences but not in theoretical linguistics. Here the null hypothesis that the low frequency of syntactic dependency crossings is expected by an arbitrary ordering of words is rejected. It is shown that this would require star dependency structures, which are both unrealistic and too restrictive. The hypothesis of the limited resources of the human brain is revisited. Stronger null hypotheses taking into account actual dependency lengths for the likelihood of crossings are presented. Those hypotheses suggests that crossings are likely to reduce when dependencies are shortened. A hypothesis based on pressure to reduce dependency lengths is more parsimonious than a principle of minimization of crossings or a grammatical ban that is totally dissociated from the general and non-linguistic principle of economy.Postprint (author's final draft
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