Atomic layer deposition: Low temperature process well adapted to ULSI and TFT technologies

The high k dielectrics is an important materials to be integrate in future Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) and future TFT technology. Indeed, to keep on the Moore\u27s Law curve, the reduction of silicon oxide (SiO2) thickness still required, but this reduction is hindered by tunneling current leakage limit. Consequently, it is important to replace SiO2 by another materials with high dielectric constant. The use of this material in manufacturing of gate dielectric in Thin-film transistor (TFT) and in Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) will increase gate capacitance with maintaining a low leakage current. Titanium dioxide is a good candidate due to its high dielectric constant in its rutile crystalline phase (180).This rutile structure is obtained at low temperature (250°C) by ALD deposition when TiO2 is deposited on ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) layer thanks to the small lattice mismatch between these two materials

Information Management within the LHC Hardware Commissioning Project

The core task of the commissioning of the LHC technical systems was the individual test of the 1572 superconducting circuits of the collider, the powering tests. The two objectives of these tests were the validation of the different sub-systems making each superconducting circuit as well as the validation of the superconducting elements of the circuits in their final configuration in the tunnel. A wide set of software applications were developed by the team in charge of coordinating the powering activities (Hardware Commissioning Coordination) in order to manage the amount of information required for the preparation, execution and traceability of the tests. In all the cases special care was taken in order to keep the tools consistent with the LHC quality assurance policy, avoid redundancies between applications, ensure integrity and coherence of the test results and optimise their usability within an accelerator operation environment. This paper describes the main characteristics of these tools; it details their positive impact on the completion on time of the LHC Hardware Commissioning Project and presents usage being envisaged during the coming years of operation of the LHC

Nowe trendy w zarządzaniu zużyciem energii elektrycznej

The report presents the complex proposal for the implementation of the demand side management (DSM) in the Polish energy sector. The issue of DSM is well known in the world, European and domestic dimensions. The experience of western countries shows that at least to some extent, the DSM strategy is already implemented there. However, Polish experience is far too insufficient. Presented practisis from energy sector will be transfered to service sector created new solution in marketing in this sector.Referat przedstawia kompleksową propozycję wdrożenia strategii DSM - Zarządzania Popytem w polskim sektorze elektroenergetycznym. Strategia ta jest już uznana na Świecie, podobne próby odnotowuje się w Europie oraz w Polsce. Doświadczenia krajów zachodnich w tym obszarze są zachęcające, polskie doświadczenia są aktualnie niewystarczające. W artykule zasygnalizowano także możliwość zastosowania prezentowanej filozofii do sektora usług jako komplementarnej metodologii marketingowej

The content change of total protein and crude fibre depending on the dose of fertilization and phenological phase of grasses

The experiment was conducted in 2008–2010 in the mountain area. Cumulation of protein and crude fiber were assesed in four grasses: Festuca pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratense, Arrhenatherum elatius. The experience was two-factor. The first factor was varied nitrogen (50, 100, 150 kg ha–1) with constant phosphorus-potassium fertilization. The second factor was the phonological stage – first was at the earing, second – during flowering. Results of assesment shows that Festuca pratensis and Arrhenatherum elatius increased the protein content in plants and reduced the aging process with increasing nitrogen fertilization. In mountain conditions the optimal dose of nitrogen Phleum pratense seems to be 100 kg ha–1 while for Dactylis glomerata best dose was 150 kg