Lunar orbiter data analysis

Large Doppler residuals near pericynthion found in lunar orbiter tracking dat

Characteristics and format of the tracking data to be obtained by the NASA Deep Space Instrumentation Facility for lunar orbiter

Characteristics and format of tracking data to be obtained by Deep Space Instrumentation Facility /DSIF/ for lunar orbite

Interfacing synchronous and asynchronous modules within a high-speed pipeline

Journal ArticleAbstract-This paper describes a new technique for integrating asynchronous modules within a high-speed synchronous pipeline. Our design eliminates potential metastability problems by using a clock generated by a stoppable ring oscillator, which is capable of driving the large clock load found in present day microprocessors. Using the ATACS design tool, we designed highly optimized transistor-level circuits to control the ring oscillator and generate the clock and handshake signals with minimal overhead. Our interface architecture requires no redesign of the synchronous circuitry. Incorporating asynchronous modules in a high-speed pipeline improves performance by exploiting data-dependent delay variations. Since the speed of the synchronous circuitry tracks the speed of the ring oscillator under different processes, temperatures, and voltages, the entire chip operates at the speed dictated by the current operating conditions, rather than being governed by the worst case conditions. These two factors together can lead to a significant improvement in average-case performance. The interface design is simulated using the 0.6- m HP CMOS14B process in HSPICE

The Ranger 4 Flight Path and Its Determination from Tracking Data

The ranger iv flight path and its determination from tracking dat

Cloud and boundary layer interactions over the Arctic sea ice in late summer

Observations from the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS), in the central Arctic sea-ice pack in late summer 2008, provide a detailed view of cloud- atmosphere-surface interactions and vertical mixing processes over the sea-ice environment. Measurements from a suite of ground-based remote sensors, near-surface meteorological and aerosol instruments, and profiles from radiosondes and a helicopter are combined to characterize a weeklong period dominated by low-level, mixed-phase, stratocumulus clouds. Detailed case studies and statistical analyses are used to develop a conceptual model for the cloud and atmosphere structure and their interactions in this environment. Clouds were persistent during the period of study, having qualities that suggest they were sustained through a combination of advective influences and in-cloud processes, with little contribution from the surface. Radiative cooling near cloud top produced buoyancy-driven, turbulent eddies that contributed to cloud formation and created a cloud-driven mixed layer. The depth of this mixed layer was related to the amount of turbulence and condensed cloud water. Coupling of this cloud-driven mixed layer to the surface boundary layer was primarily determined by proximity. For 75%of the period of study, the primary stratocumulus cloud-driven mixed layer was decoupled from the surface and typically at a warmer potential temperature. Since the near-surface temperature was constrained by the ocean-ice mixture, warm temperatures aloft suggest that these air masses had not significantly interacted with the sea-ice surface. Instead, backtrajectory analyses suggest that these warm air masses advected into the central Arctic Basin from lower latitudes. Moisture and aerosol particles likely accompanied these air masses, providing necessary support for cloud formation. On the occasions when cloud-surface coupling did occur, back trajectories indicated that these air masses advected at low levels, while mixing processes kept the mixed layer in equilibrium with the near-surface environment. Rather than contributing buoyancy forcing for the mixed-layer dynamics, the surface instead simply appeared to respond to the mixedlayer processes aloft. Clouds in these cases often contained slightly higher condensed water amounts, potentially due to additional moisture sources from below

Regulator of G protein signaling 2 inhibits Gαq-dependent uveal melanoma cell growth

Activating mutations in Gαq/11 are a major driver of uveal melanoma (UM), the most common intraocular cancer in adults. While progress has recently been made in targeting Gαq/11 for UM therapy, the crucial role for these proteins in normal physiology and their high structural similarity with many other important GTPase proteins renders this approach challenging. The aim of the current study was to validate whether a key regulator of Gq signaling, regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2), can inhibit Gαq-mediated UM cell growth. We used two UM cell lines, 92.1 and Mel-202, which both contain the most common activating mutation GαqQ209L and developed stable cell lines with doxycycline-inducible RGS2 protein expression. Using cell viability assays, we showed that RGS2 could inhibit cell growth in both of these UM cell lines. We also found that this effect was independent of the canonical GTPase-activating protein activity of RGS2 but was dependent on the association between RGS2 and Gαq. Furthermore, RGS2 induction resulted in only partial reduction in cell growth as compared to siRNA-mediated Gαq knockdown, perhaps because RGS2 was only able to reduce mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling downstream of phospholipase Cβ, while leaving activation of the Hippo signaling mediators yes-associated protein 1/TAZ, the other major pathway downstream of Gαq, unaffected. Taken together, our data indicate that RGS2 can inhibit UM cancer cell growth by associating with GαqQ209L as a partial effector antagonist

Millimeter and submillimeter wave technology developments for the next generation of fusion devices

There is increasing demand for compact watt-level coherent sources in the millimeter and submillimeter wave region. The approach that we have taken to satisfy this need is to fabricate two-dimensional grids loaded with oscillators, electronic beam steerers, and frequency multipliers for quasioptical coherent spatial combining of the outputs of a large number of low-power devices

Evidence of two viscous relaxation processes in the collective dynamics of liquid lithium

New inelastic X-ray scattering experiments have been performed on liquid lithium in a wide wavevector range. With respect to the previous measurements, the instrumental resolution, improved up to 1.5 meV, allows to accurately investigate the dynamical processes determining the observed shape of the the dynamic structure factor, $S(Q,\omega)$. A detailed analysis of the lineshapes shows the co-existence of relaxation processes with both a slow and a fast characteristic timescales, and therefore that pictures of the relaxation mechanisms based on a simple viscoelastic model must be abandoned.Comment: 5 pages, 4 .PS figure

Neurofilament light protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid predict long-term disability of Guillain-Barre syndrome: A pilot study

Objectives: Although the recovery from Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is good in most patients, some develop permanent severe disability or even die. Early predictors would increase the likelihood to identify patients at risk for poor outcome at the acute stage, allowing them intensified therapeutic intervention. Materials and Method: Eighteen patients with a history of GBS 9‐17 years ago were reassessed with scoring of neurological disability and quality of life assessment (QoL). Their previous diagnostic work‐up included clinical examination with scoring of disability, neurophysiological investigation, a battery of serology tests for infections, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination. Aliquots of CSF were frozen, stored for 20‐28 years, and analyzed by ELISA for determination of neurofilament light protein (NFL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Results: Patients with poor outcome (n = 3) had significantly higher NFL and GFAP levels at GBS nadir than those with good outcome (n = 15, P < .01 and P < .05, respectively). High NFL correlated with more prominent disability and worse QoL at long‐term follow‐up (r = .694, P < .001, and SF 36 dimension physical component summary (PCS) (r =−.65, P < .05), respectively, whereas GFAP did not correlate with clinical outcome or QoL. Conclusion: High NFL in CSF at the acute stage of GBS seems to predict long‐term outcome and might, together with neurophysiological and clinical measures, be useful in treatment decisions and clinical care of GBS

Tracking system analytic calibration activities for the Mariner Mars 1969 mission

Calibration activity of Deep Space Network in support of Mars encounter phase of Mariner Mars 1969 missio