1,556 research outputs found
Joint effect of ageing and multilayer structure prevents ordering in the voter model
The voter model rules are simple, with agents copying the state of a random
neighbor, but they lead to non-trivial dynamics. Besides opinion processes, the
model has also applications for catalysis and species competition. Inspired by
the temporal inhomogeneities found in human interactions, one can introduce
ageing in the agents: the probability to update decreases with the time elapsed
since the last change. This modified dynamics induces an approach to consensus
via coarsening in complex networks. Additionally, multilayer networks produce
profound changes in the dynamics of models. In this work, we investigate how a
multilayer structure affects the dynamics of an ageing voter model. The system
is studied as a function of the fraction of nodes sharing states across layers
(multiplexity parameter q ). We find that the dynamics of the system suffers a
notable change at an intermediate value q*. Above it, the voter model always
orders to an absorbing configuration. While, below, a fraction of the
realizations falls into dynamical traps associated to a spontaneous symmetry
breaking in which the majority opinion in the different layers takes opposite
signs and that due to the ageing indefinitely delay the arrival at the
absorbing state.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure
Is the Voter Model a model for voters?
The voter model has been studied extensively as a paradigmatic opinion
dynamics' model. However, its ability for modeling real opinion dynamics has
not been addressed. We introduce a noisy voter model (accounting for social
influence) with agents' recurrent mobility (as a proxy for social context),
where the spatial and population diversity are taken as inputs to the model. We
show that the dynamics can be described as a noisy diffusive process that
contains the proper anysotropic coupling topology given by population and
mobility heterogeneity. The model captures statistical features of the US
presidential elections as the stationary vote-share fluctuations across
counties, and the long-range spatial correlations that decay logarithmically
with the distance. Furthermore, it recovers the behavior of these properties
when a real-space renormalization is performed by coarse-graining the
geographical scale from county level through congressional districts and up to
states. Finally, we analyze the role of the mobility range and the randomness
in decision making which are consistent with the empirical observations.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figure
A First Order Analytical Solution for Spacecraft Motion about (433)Eros
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76061/1/AIAA-2002-4543-167.pd
Contra los que atacan las imágenes sagradas. Discurso apologético
Polémicos son también sus discursos apologéticos «sobre las imágenes sagradas», en los que el Damasceno defiende la ortodoxia de la veneración de las imágenes en contra del criterio del emperador León III y de quienes entendÃan que la veneración de la imagen era, en realidad, una adoración idólatra que debÃa ser erradicada. El estilo sencillo que Juan de Damasco empleó en estos textos facilitó su difusión entre la población cristiana e incitó a la misma a tomar postura ante la nueva polémica promovida por el poder imperial
A European perspective on nosocomial urinary tract infections II. Report on incidence, clinical characteristics and outcome (ESGINI–04 study)
ObjectivesTo estimate the incidence of nosocomially acquired urinary tract infections (NAUTI) in Europe and provide information on the clinical characteristics, underlying conditions, etiology, management and outcome of patients.Materials and methodsWe collected clinical information from NAUTI patients with a microbiology report on the named study day.ResultsA total of 141 hospitals from 25 European countries participated in the study. Written institutional bladder catheter guidelines were in place in 90.3% of EU hospitals and 55% of non-EU hospitals (P <0.05). The total number of new NAUTI episodes on the day of the study was 298, representing an incidence of 3.55 episodes/1000 patient-days and an estimated prevalence of 10.65/1000. The five most commonly isolated micro-organisms were Escherichia coli, Enterococcus sp., Candida sp., Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Patients from non-EU countries were younger, with more severe underlying diseases with a higher incidence of obstructive uropathy/lithiasis. Overall, 22.8% of patients had no ‘classic’ UTI-predisposing factors. Catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) was present in 187 patients (62.8%). A closed drainage system was used in only 78.5% of catheterised patients. The indication for bladder catheterisation was not considered adequate in 7.6% of cases and continuation of bladder catheterisation was considered unnecessary in 31.3%. Opening of the closed drainage system was the most frequent major error in catheter management (16.8%). Antimicrobial treatment was not considered adequate in 19.8% of all cases.ConclusionsThe incidence of NAUTI in a large European population is 3.55/1000 patient-days. There is clearly room for improvement in the area of bladder catheterisation, catheter care and medical management of NAUTI. We recommend that European authorities draw up and implement practical and specific guidelines to reduce the incidence of this infection
Productivity and international competitiveness of agriculture in the European Union and the United States
This study looks at international competitiveness of agriculture in the European Union and the United States. The most intuitive concept is that
of price competitiveness.We calculate relative prices for 11 member states of the European Union and the United States for the period 1973–2002.
We assume that markets are perfectly competitive and in long-run equilibrium, so that the observed price always equals average total cost, as
measured by the cost dual to the production function. This assumption is used in our calculation of relative competitiveness and productivity gaps
between the European Union and the United States and in our decomposition of relative price movements between changes in relative input prices
and changes in relative productivity levelsPublicad
Viscoelastic behavior of a polyester resin concrete reinforced with nonmetallic bars under bending loads
This paper deals with the study of a highly durable polyester polymer concrete reinforced with glass fibre reinforced polymer rebars. The paper describes the properties of this specific concrete, which were tested using different experimental techniques such as porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy and petrography. Likewise, characterisation in a macro-scale was carried out to define the mechanical properties of the material (modulus of elasticity, stress-strain curve, ultimate strength and bond). Based on the latter properties, the paper presents a relatively simple method to estimate the ultimate bearing capacity of beams under bending load. The calculation method has been verified by testing beams and full-scale elements. At the end, and due to the viscoelastic nature of the polymer, several considerations will be made in order identify safety factors dependent on the loads nature: permanent loads (deferred deformations) and live loads.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author’s final draft
Estudio de la densidad mineral ósea mediante osteosonografÃa en niños y adolescentes sanos: valores de normalidad
Osteoporosis is a frequent health problem in adults. Optimization of
bone mass acquisition during childhood and adolescence may play a major role in
the prevention of this disease. Osteosonography is a recent technique for
measuring bone mineralization without exposing the patient to radiation.
OBJECTIVES: To measure bone mineral density using osteosonography in healthy
Spanish Caucasian children and adolescents in order to determine normal values.
METHODS: We performed a cross sectional study of 829 healthy child and adolescent
volunteers (360 girls and 469 boys) randomly selected from the urban area of
Pamplona in Navarre (Spain). Ages ranged from 6 to 18 years. ADBM Sonic 1200
ultrasound densitometer from IGEA was used. Daily calcium dietary intake and
amount of physical activity were recorded. RESULTS: Cross sectional standards for
Ad-SOS are presented. Ad-SOS did not significantly change between the ages of 6
and 9 years in girls or until the age of 10 years in boys. From the ages of 10 to
14 years, Ad-SOS values were higher in girls than in boys. After the age of 14
years, no significant differences were found. No correlation was found between
calcium dietary intake, amount of physical exercise or bone mineralization
values. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of Ad-SOS by osteosonography is an easy, fast
and inexpensive method for measuring bone mineral density in children and
adolescents without exposing them to radiation. It can be used in the pediatric
population to detect early alterations in bone mineralization
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