17,220 research outputs found
A new approach to the vakonomic mechanics
The aim of this paper is to show that the Lagrange-d'Alembert and its
equivalent the Gauss and Appel principle are not the only way to deduce the
equations of motion of the nonholonomic systems. Instead of them, here we
consider the generalization of the Hamiltonian principle for nonholonomic
systems with nonzero transpositional relations.
By applying this variational principle which takes into the account
transpositional relations different from the classical ones we deduce the
equations of motion for the nonholonomic systems with constraints that in
general are nonlinear in the velocity. These equations of motion coincide,
except perhaps in a zero Lebesgue measure set, with the classical differential
equations deduced with d'Alembert-Lagrange principle.
We provide a new point of view on the transpositional relations for the
constrained mechanical systems: the virtual variations can produce zero or
non-zero transpositional relations. In particular the independent virtual
variations can produce non-zero transpositional relations. For the
unconstrained mechanical systems the virtual variations always produce zero
transpositional relations.
We conjecture that the existence of the nonlinear constraints in the velocity
must be sought outside of the Newtonian model.
All our results are illustrated with precise examples
FRW in cosmological self-creation theory: Hamiltonian approach
We use the Brans-Dicke theory from the framework of General Relativity
(Einstein frame), but now the total energy momentum tensor fulfills the
following condition . We take as a first model the flat FRW metric in the
Hamilton-Jacobi scheme and we present the Lagrange-Charpit approach in order to
find classical solutions. In the quantum scheme, once we determine the
characteristic surfaces, the quantum solution is obtained. These two classes of
solutions are found for all values of the barotropic parameter .Comment: 9 pages, latex2e. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:1206.541
Observational signatures for depletion in the Spite plateau: solving the cosmological Li discrepancy?
We present Li abundances for 73 stars in the metallicity range -3.5 < [Fe/H]
< -1.0 using improved IRFM temperatures (Casagrande et al. 2010) with precise
E(B-V) values obtained mostly from interstellar NaI D lines, and high-quality
equivalent widths (errors ~ 3%). At all metallicities we uncover a
fine-structure in the Li abundances of Spite plateau stars, which we trace to
Li depletion that depends on both metallicity and mass. Models including atomic
diffusion and turbulent mixing seem to reproduce the observed Li depletion
assuming a primordial Li abundance ALi = 2.64 dex (MARCS models) or 2.72
(Kurucz overshooting models), in good agreement with current predictions (ALi =
2.72) from standard BBN. We are currently expanding our sample to have a better
coverage of different evolutionary stages at the high and low metallicity ends,
in order to verify our findings.Comment: In press, Light elements in the Universe, Proceedings IAU Symposium
No. 268, 2010. C. Charbonnel, M. Tosi, F. Primas & C. Chiappini, ed
Reusing Human Resources Management Standards for Employment Services
Employment Services (ESs) are becoming more and more important for Public Administrations where their social implications on sustainability, workforce mobility and equal opportunities play a fundamental strategic importance for any central or local Government. The EU SEEMP project aims at improving facilitate workers mobility in Europe. Ontologies are used to model descriptions of job offers and curricula; and for facilitating the process of exchanging job offer data and CV data between ES. In this paper we present the methodological approach we followed for reusing existing human resources management standards in the SEEMP project, in order to build a common “language” called Reference Ontology
Diffusion of muonium and hydrogen in diamond
Jump rates of muonium and hydrogen in diamond are calculated by quantum
transition-state theory, based on the path-integral centroid formalism. This
technique allows us to study the influence of vibrational mode quantization on
the effective free-energy barriers Delta F for impurity diffusion, which are
renormalized respect to the zero-temperature classical calculation. For the
transition from a tetrahedral (T) site to a bond-center (BC) position, Delta F
is larger for hydrogen than for muonium, and the opposite happens for the
transition from BC to T. The calculated effective barriers decrease for rising
temperature, except for the muonium transition from T to BC sites. Calculated
jump rates are in good agreement to available muon spin rotation data.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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