Asset dynamics in Northern Nigeria:

This paper examines household asset dynamics and gender-differentiated asset inequality over a 20-year period (1988–2008) in northern Nigeria. We show that the initial endowments of both household capital and livestock holdings are inconsistent with the poverty trap hypothesis but that tracking rules for households in panel surveys may lead to differences in empirical results on poverty traps. We also investigate whether initial household endowments contributed to gender-differentiated future asset levels and asset inequality. Initial livestock holdings have an effect on women's future livestock holdings but not on their livestock shares within the household, as the effect of initial livestock holdings on men's future livestock levels was much greater than its effect on women's levels. The mechanism through which asset levels differed was related to the relative prices of the assets in gender-differentiated asset portfolios. Men, who primarily held larger livestock with larger unit values, benefited from large price increases in high-value livestock, while women held lower-value livestock. These price fluctuations reinforced gender asset inequality within households for both types of assets considered.asset dynamics, poverty traps, Gender, Household resource allocation,

The Indigenous Heterogeneity of Oportunidades: Ample or Insufficient Human Capital Accumulation?

Indigenous groups account for over one tenth of Mexico’s population and many of them suffer from constant social disadvantages and extreme marginalization. One of their few paths out of poverty is through the accumulation of human capital, which is a central element of Oportunidades’ strategy to ameliorate trans-generational poverty. This study finds that the positive impacts of Oportunidades on enrollment for the general population are no different for indigenous households. In addition, it finds that Oportunidades impacts on repeat and illness rates are consistently marginal. Thus, it is argued that unless tailored investment in indigenous human capital accumulation and complimentary alternatives are intensified to close the existing indigenous marginalization gaps, indigenous Mexicans will remain in profound and persistent poverty due to the unique and overwhelming obstacles they face.Oportunidades; PROGRESSA; Mexico; Indigenous; Human Capital Accumulation; Impact Evaluation;

Big Data Analytics for Smart Cities: The H2020 CLASS Project

Applying big-data technologies to field applications has resulted in several new needs. First, processing data across a compute continuum spanning from cloud to edge to devices, with varying capacity, architecture etc. Second, some computations need to be made predictable (real-time response), thus supporting both data-in-motion processing and larger-scale data-at-rest processing. Last, employing an event-driven programming model that supports mixing different APIs and models, such as Map/Reduce, CEP, sequential code, etc.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme under the CLASS Project (www.class-project.eu), grant agreement No. 780622.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Computing Safe Contention Bounds for Multicore Resources with Round-Robin and FIFO Arbitration

Numerous researchers have studied the contention that arises among tasks running in parallel on a multicore processor. Most of those studies seek to derive a tight and sound upper-bound for the worst-case delay with which a processor resource may serve an incoming request, when its access is arbitrated using time-predictable policies such as round-robin or FIFO. We call this value upper-bound delay ( ubd ). Deriving trustworthy ubd statically is possible when sufficient public information exists on the timing latency incurred on access to the resource of interest. Unfortunately however, that is rarely granted for commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) processors. Therefore, the users resort to measurement observations on the target processor and thus compute a “measured” ubdm . However, using ubdm to compute worst-case execution time values for programs running on COTS multicore processors requires qualification on the soundness of the result. In this paper, we present a measurement-based methodology to derive a ubdm under round-robin (RoRo) and first-in-first-out (FIFO) arbitration, which accurately approximates ubd from above, without needing latency information from the hardware provider. Experimental results, obtained on multiple processor configurations, demonstrate the robustness of the proposed methodology.The research leading to this work has received funding from: the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 644080(SAFURE); the European Space Agency under Contract 789.2013 and NPI Contract 40001102880; and COST Action IC1202, Timing Analysis On Code-Level (TACLe). This work has also been partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under grant TIN2015-65316-P. Jaume Abella has been partially supported by the MINECO under Ramon y Cajal postdoctoral fellowship number RYC-2013-14717. The authors would like to thanks Paul Caheny for his help with the proofreading of this document.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

El Nitrógeno, el Fósforo y el Carbono

1 archivo PDF (73 páginas)"Se logró cubrir la temática del curso en una forma coherente y consistente en desgloce de cada tema principal en los subtemas de generalidades, métodos de obtención, propiedades químicas y ejercicios. Cabe destacar que hay aportaciones originales en cada tema, resultando de particular interés, por no encontrarse en la mayoría de los textos disponibles comercialmente, así como el enriquecimiento del conocimiento conseguido mediante la resolución por parte del lector de los ejercicios propuestos en cada tema.

El Hidrógeno, los gases nobles y los halógenos, versión corregida y aumentada

1 archivo PDF (55 páginas)"El campo de estudio de la química inorgánica es vasto y atractivo. ¿Quién, al visitar un musco de historia natural o de geología no ha sentido la ínnata atracción de indagar qué hay escondido, cuál es el secreto que guardan tan celosamente todas esas rocas y cristales de formas caprichosas, enigmáticas y de una belleza indescriptible? Pues bien, resulta que el estudioso de la química inorgánica no sólo descubre muchos de esos enigmas, sino que aprovecha su conocimiento beneficiándose de esa enorme riqueza natural a través de procesos industriales tales como la industria del vidrio, la de los ácidos sulfúrico, fosfórico y nítrico, de la sosa, la de fertilizantes y muchas otras más. El lector habrá observado que para dirigir el estudio de esta rama científica, abundan textos con esquemas similares; es decir, es frecuente que los diversos autores presenten su material de estudio por grupos químicos las más de las veces, y algunas otras, por bloques de elementos, todos ellos reconociendo implícitamente, el carácter generalizador del agrupamiento periódico de los elementos, sistematizado por el eminente químico ruso Dimitri lvanovich Mendeliéyev. Sin embargo, esa presentación no necesariamente coincide con el esquema y con los objetivos de los planes de estudio en algunas instituciones de educación superior, que pretenden aportar ideas novedosas y un mejor análisis de la información disponible. Tal es el caso de la UAM-Azcapotzalco. En virtud de no disponer a la fecha de un material de apoyo didáctico satisfactorio, para las unidades de enseñanza aprendizaje de química inorgánica 1, los autores se dieron a la tarea de crear esta primera serie teniendo como guía el programa de dicha asignatura, aunque durante el desarrollo del material se hizo necesario, por claridad en la presentación, ofrecer la temática en una secuencia distinta a la planteada en el programa sinóptico. No obstante, se logró cubrir la temática del curso en una forma coherente y consistente en el desglose de cada tema principal, en los subtemas de generalidades, métodos de obtención, propiedades químicas y ejercicios. Cabe destacar en cada tema que hay aportaciones de particular interés, por no encontrarse en la mayoría de los textos disponibles comercialmente, enriquecimiento del conocimiento conseguido mediante la resolución, por parte del lector, de los ejercicios propuestos en cada tema.

Genetic polymorphism in meat fatty acids in araucano creole sheeps

Meat is a source of proteins and minerals. However, red meats have high levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and a low proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), a combination which has been linked to cancer and cardiovascular diseases. In ruminants, there are several genes that regulate the proportions of MUFA in tissues, but the most important is SCD (Stearoyl-CoA desaturase). The polymorphism g.31C >A has been described in the promoter region of the SCD gene, which is associated with changes in the gene expression and MUFA levels in the meat. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of polymorphism g.31C >A in a population of Araucano creole sheep using PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism). Genomic DNA was obtained from 157 Araucano creole sheep. The SCD promoter region was amplified using PCR and the amplicons were digested with restriction enzyme MnlI. The allelic frequency was 0.98 for the C allele and 0.02 for the A allele. The in silico analysis showed that the A allele could alter the expression of SCD. This is the first report of the presence of polymorphism g.31C >A in Chilean sheep, and its association with SCD expression levels and the proportion of MUFA in the meat will require further investigation

The Indigenous Heterogeneity of Oportunidades: Ample or Insufficient Human Capital Accumulation?

Indigenous groups account for over one tenth of Mexico’s population and many of them suffer from constant social disadvantages and extreme marginalization. One of their few paths out of poverty is through the accumulation of human capital, which is a central element of Oportunidades’ strategy to ameliorate trans-generational poverty. This study finds that the positive impacts of Oportunidades on enrollment for the general population are no different for indigenous households. In addition, it finds that Oportunidades impacts on repeat and illness rates are consistently marginal. Thus, it is argued that unless tailored investment in indigenous human capital accumulation and complimentary alternatives are intensified to close the existing indigenous marginalization gaps, indigenous Mexicans will remain in profound and persistent poverty due to the unique and overwhelming obstacles they face

Los metales alcalinos y alcalinotérreos

1 archivo PDF (71 páginas); 2a ed. 2007, 1a reimpresión 2008.Los materiales alcalinos se sitúan en el grupo IA de la tabla periódica excepto por el hidrogeno que es un gas. Todos tienen un solo electrón en su nivelenergético externo y con tendencia a perderlo, con lo que forman ionesmonopositivos, M+. Su configuración electrónica es ns1 ya que se localizan enla zona ³s´ de la tabla periódica. Tiene como propiedades ser materiales muy reactivos, por ello siempre se encuentran encompuestos como oxido, hidróxidos, haluros, silicatos, etc. Y nunca en estado puro

Neural correlates of phonological, orthographic and semantic reading processing in dyslexia

Developmental dyslexia is one of the most prevalent learning disabilities, thought to be associated with dysfunction in the neural systems underlying typical reading acquisition. Neuroimaging research has shown that readers with dyslexia exhibit regional hypoactivation in left hemisphere reading nodes, relative to control counterparts. This evidence, however, comes from studies that have focused only on isolated aspects of reading. The present study aims to characterize left hemisphere regional hypoactivation in readers with dyslexia for the main processes involved in successful reading: phonological, orthographic and semantic. Forty-one participants performed a demanding reading task during MRI scanning. Results showed that readers with dyslexia exhibited hypoactivation associated with phonological processing in parietal regions; with orthographic processing in parietal regions, Broca's area, ventral occipitotemporal cortex and thalamus; and with semantic processing in angular gyrus and hippocampus. Stronger functional connectivity was observed for readers with dyslexia than for control readers 1) between the thalamus and the inferior parietal cortex/ventral occipitotemporal cortex during pseudoword reading; and, 2) between the hippocampus and the pars opercularis during word reading. These findings constitute the strongest evidence to date for the interplay between regional hypoactivation and functional connectivity in the main processes supporting reading in dyslexia. Keywords: Dyslexia, Reading, Hypoactivation, Functional connectivity, Thalamus, Hippocampu