Genetic relationships in Spanish dog breeds. I. The analysis of morphological characters

The relationships between 10 Spanish dog breeds have been studied using qualitative and quantitative analyses of data from 32 morphological characters. The average distance between breeds, measured as a morphological index, has a value of 4.228 (! 0.681), with extreme values of 1.732 between Mastin del Pirineo and Mastin Espanol, and of 5.099 for the Gos d'Atura - Sabueso Espanol pair. The morphological phylogeny obtained in this study confirms the classifications made previously by means of dental, cranial, historical and behavioral comparative criteria. The results suggest the formation of two large clusters; one formed by the breeds belonging to the ancestral trunks Canis familiaris intermedius and Canis familiaris inostranzewi, and the other which includes the members of the Canis familiaris leineri and Canis familiaris metris-optimae trunks

Genetic relationships in Spanish dog breeds. II. The analysis of biochemical polymorphism

The phylogenetic relationships between 10 Spanish dog breeds were studied using the gene frequency values obtained from the electrophoretic analysis of 21 structural genic loci that code for blood-soluble proteins and enzymes. In addition, we studied the genetic differentiation within breeds. In some cases the genetic distances between subpopulations of the same breed were greater than the genetic distances between different breeds. The average between-breed distance has a value of 0.0197 (t 0.0128), with extreme values of D = 0.000 between Gos d'Atura and Podenco lb6rico, and of D = 0.051 for the Mastin Español - Ca de Bestiar pair. The groupings of Spanish dog breeds obtained in our study from morphological and biochemical data were apparently quite similar. The correlation between enzymatic and morphological distances was, however, low (r = 0.07) and non-significant. The estimates of the divergence times among the four ancestral trunks suggest that the ancestral trunks separated independently in a relatively short interval of time, between 30 000 and 55 000 years ago

Effects of direction-specific training interventions on physical performance and inter-limb asymmetries

This study analyzed the effects of two different training programs on functional performance and inter-limb asymmetries in basketball players. Twenty-four elite youth basketball players were randomly assigned to a training program including variable unilateral horizontal movements (VUH, n = 12) or unilateral lateral movements (VUL, n = 12). Eccentric-overload training (EOT) was performed twice a week for a six-week period. Functional performance assessment included a countermovement jump test, unilateral multidirectional jumping tests (i.e., lateral, horizontal, and vertical), a rebound jump test, a limb symmetry index, a 25 m linear sprint test, and several change of direction (COD) tests. Within-group analysis showed substantial improvements in almost all functional tests in both groups (ES = 0.35−0.89). Furthermore, almost all jumping asymmetries were improved in both groups (ES = 0.38−0.69) except for vertical jumping asymmetry in VUL (ES = −0.04). Between-group analyses showed a substantial and possibly better performance in vertical jumping asymmetry and 5 m in VUH compared to that of VUL, respectively. In contrast, lateral jumping with left (ES = 1.22) and right leg (ES = 0.49) were substantially greater in VUL than in VUH. Specific force-vector training programs induced substantial improvements in both functional performance tests and inter-limb asymmetries, although greater improvements of lateral and horizontal variables may depend on the specific force vector targeted

Diez años de selección de toros jóvenes en el centro de testaje de la raza Bruna dels Pirineus

publishedTomo I . Sección: Sistemas Ganaderos-Economía y Gestión. Sesión: Vacuno carne II. Ponencia nº