10 research outputs found
General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Bondi--Hoyle Accretion
In this paper we present a fully relativistic study of axisymmetric
magnetohydrodynamic Bondi--Hoyle accretion onto a moving Kerr black hole. The
equations of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics are solved using high
resolution shock capturing methods. In this treatment we consider the ideal MHD
limit. The parameters of interest in this study are the adiabatic constant
, the asymptotic speed of sound , and the plasma beta
parameter . We focus the investigation on the parameter regime in
which the flow is supersonic, or when . In some
cases, subsonic asymptotic flows are considered for comparison purposes. We
study the accretion rates of the total energy and momenta, as well as the
hydrodynamic energy and momentum accretion rates. The models presented in this
study exhibit a matter density depletion in the downstream region of the black
hole which tends to vacuum in convergence tests. This feature is
due to the presence of the magnetic field, more specifically the magnetic
pressure, and is not seen in previous purely hydrodynamic studies.Comment: Version 2: The figures have been reformatted to fit the paper. All
verbal content remains identical to version
Modified gravity without dark matter
On an empirical level, the most successful alternative to dark matter in
bound gravitational systems is the modified Newtonian dynamics, or MOND,
proposed by Milgrom. Here I discuss the attempts to formulate MOND as a
modification of General Relativity. I begin with a summary of the
phenomenological successes of MOND and then discuss the various covariant
theories that have been proposed as a basis for the idea. I show why these
proposals have led inevitably to a multi-field theory. I describe in some
detail TeVeS, the tensor-vector-scalar theory proposed by Bekenstein, and
discuss its successes and shortcomings. This lecture is primarily pedagogical
and directed to those with some, but not a deep, background in General
RelativityComment: 28 pages, 10 figures, lecture given at Third Aegean Summer School,
The Invisible Universe: Dark Matter and Dark Energy, minor errors corrected,
references update
lmmunomorphologica characteristics of renal cell carcinoma
Immunomorphological characteristics of 27
renal cell carcinoma (RCC): 18 clear cell, 6 granular
(chromophilic), 2 chromophobe, 1 spindle cell
(sarcomatoid) as well as of 1 oncocytoma, were
analyzed. The investigation was performed on cryostat
sections by immunoperoxidase technique applying a
panel of monoclonal antibodies which defined: proximal
(TNE3, TN5, 5D9) and distal (TN8, TN9, 7C2) tubular
antigens; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAMl);
HLA class I1 (-DQ, -DR and -DP) antigens, intermediary
filaments (cytokeratin and vimentin); and antigens on
tumour infiltrating mononuclear leucocytes (TT1, TT2
and LeuM3 for CD4, CD8 and CD14 antigens,
respectively). All RCC with exception of chromophobe
CO-expressed cytokeratin and vimentin. In addition, they
were usually positive for all proximal and two distal
tubular markers (TN8, TN9) indicating primitive cells
which could differentiate into the epithelium of both
parts of tubule system as the most probable originators
of in RCC. Almost all RCC but the chromophobe
aberrantly expressed HLA class I1 antigens which great
variability from case to caie. The presence of HLA-DR
antigens was more intensive and widespread than of
HLA-DQ and-DP antigens. Expression of ICAMl
mostly correlated with presence of HLA class I1
antigens, particularly with -DR on tumour cells of RCC HLA-DR antigen expression was always more
prominent than mononuclear cell infiltrate (among
which macrophages prevailed over T cells) which could
suggest that increased histocompatibility antigen
expression precedes mononuclear cell influx.
In contrast to all other RCC, chromophobe tumours
had quite distinct features revealing the most intense
reaction with 7C2 (MAb that produced the weakest
reaction with other tumour types), absence of vimentin
and very weak reaction with antibodies for HLA class Il
Ag and ICAM 1. Since oncocytoma has similar immunohistological properties it could be supposed that both
tumours have common histogenesis
Marine carbonate systems in the Sarmatian (Middle Miocene) of the Central Paratethys: the Zsåmbék Basin of Hungary
The study of eight stratigraphic sections at the margin of the semi-enclosed ZsaÂŽmbeÂŽk Basin (Hungary) allows the sedimentary anatomy of ooliticâbioclastic systems in the Sarmatian of the Central Paratethys to be reconstructed. The mollusc, foraminiferal and ostracod associations indicate that the carbonate systems are Latest Badenian to Late Sarmatian in age. The LowerâUpper Sarmatian deposits are organized in superimposed subaqueous dunes prograding towards the basin on a low-angle ramp. During the Late
Sarmatian, the ramp underwent subaerial erosion linked to a moderate relative fall in sea-level. Lagoonal deposits were later formed and microbialânubeculariidâbryozoanâserpulid buildups were emplaced. The âabnormalâ marine conditions of the Sarmatian, conducive to the development of a poorly
diversified flora and fauna and dominant non-skeletal grains, are linked to fluctuating salinities, mesotrophic to eutrophic conditions and perhaps high alkalinity