Heterogeneity-promoting optimal procurement

When procurement takes place in the presence of horizontally differentiated contractors, the design of the object being procured affects the resulting degree of competition. This paper highlights the interaction between the optimal procurement mechanism and the design choice. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the sponsor's design choice, instead of homogenizing the market to generate competition, promotes heterogeneity.Procurement, project design, horizontal differentiation

Experimental investigation of dynamic mixed-mode fracture initiation

The use of a coherent gradient sensing (CGS) apparatus is explored in dynamic fracture mechanics investigations. The ability of the method to accurately quantify mixed-mode crack tip deformation fields is tested under dynamic loading conditions. The specimen geometry and loading follow that of Lee and Freund who give the theoretical and numerical mixed mode K values as a function of time for the testing conditions. The CGS system’s measurements of KI and KII are compared with the predicted results, and good agreement is found

Experimental investigation of dynamic mixed-mode fracture initiation

The use of a coherent gradient sensing (CGS) apparatus is explored in dynamic fracture mechanics investigations. The ability of the method to accurately quantify mixed-mode crack tip deformation fields is tested under dynamic loading conditions. The specimen geometry and loading follow that of Lee and Freund who give the theoretical and numerical mixed mode K values as a function of time for the testing conditions. The CGS system’s measurements of KI and KII are compared with the predicted results, and good agreement is found

La ionosfera: comunicare... naturalmente!

La ionosfera è la parte della media-alta atmosfera compresa tra i 60 e i 1000 km di quota. Essa è caratterizzata da una concentrazione di elettroni tale da modificare la propagazione delle onde radio che la attraversano

New synchronization method for <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>

&lt;b&gt;Background&lt;/b&gt;: Plasmodium falciparum is usually asynchronous during in vitro culture. Although various synchronization methods are available, they are not able to narrow the range of ages of parasites. A newly developed method is described that allows synchronization of parasites to produce cultures with an age range as low as 30 minutes. &lt;b&gt;Methods&lt;/b&gt;: Trophozoites and schizonts are enriched using Plasmion. The enriched late stage parasites are immobilized as a monolayer onto plastic Petri dishes using concanavalin A. Uninfected erythrocytes are placed onto the monolayer for a limited time period, during which time schizonts on the monolayer rupture and the released merozoites invade the fresh erythrocytes. The overlay is then taken off into a culture flask, resulting in a highly synchronized population of parasites. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;: Plasmion treatment results in a 10- to 13-fold enrichment of late stage parasites. The monolayer method results in highly synchronized cultures of parasites where invasion has occurred within a very limited time window, which can be as low as 30 minutes. The method is simple, requiring no specialized equipment and relatively cheap reagents. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions&lt;/b&gt;: The new method for parasite synchronization results in highly synchronized populations of parasites, which will be useful for studies of the parasite asexual cell cycle

Plasmodium falciparum:Rosettes do not protect merozoites from invasion-inhibitory antibodies

Rosetting is a parasite adhesion phenotype associated with severe malaria in African children. Why parasites form rosettes is unknown, although enhanced invasion or immune evasion have been suggested as possible functions. Previous work showed that rosetting does not enhance parasite invasion under standard in vitro conditions. We hypothesised that rosetting might promote invasion in the presence of host invasion-inhibitory antibodies, by allowing merozoites direct entry into the erythrocytes in the rosette and so minimising exposure to plasma antibodies. We therefore investigated whether rosetting influences invasion in the presence of invasion-inhibitory antibodies to MSP-1. We found no difference in invasion rates between isogenic rosetting and non-rosetting lines from two parasite strains, R29 and TM284, in the presence of MSP-1 antibodies (P=0.62 and P=0.63, Student's t test, TM284 and R29, respectively). These results do not support the hypothesis that rosettes protect merozoites from inhibitory antibodies during invasion. The biological function of rosetting remains unknown

Status of the JWST Integrated Science Instrument Module

No abstract availabl