10,097 research outputs found
Believing Does Not Equal Remembering: The Effects of Social Feedback and Objective False Evidence on Belief in Occurrence, Belief in Accuracy, and Recollection
We examined the impact of social feedback and objective false evidence on belief in occurrence, belief in accuracy, and recollection of an autobiographical experience. Participants viewed six virtual scenes (e.g., park) and were tested on their belief/recollection. After 1-week, participants were randomly assigned to four groups. One group received social feedback that one scene was not experienced. A second group received objective false evidence that one of the scenes was not shown. A third group received both social feedback and objective false evidence and the control group did not receive any manipulation. Belief in occurrence dropped considerably in the social feedback group and in the combined group. Also, nonbelieved memories were most likely to occur in participants receiving both social feedback and objective false evidence. We show that social feedback and objective false evidence undermine belief in occurrence, but that they leave belief in accuracy and recollection unaffected
Volume-reflecting dielectric heat shield
White, volume-reflecting dielectric material absorbs essentially none of the incident radiant energy, and continues to reflect even though in severe environment its surface is melted and is being vaporized. Process of overall reflectance in dielectric material, involving internal refractions and reflections, is similar to process of reflection in paints
Manipulating Memory Associations Changes Decision-making Preferences in a Preconditioning Task
Memories of past experiences can guide our decisions. Thus, if memories are undermined or distorted, decision making should be affected. Nevertheless, little empirical research has been done to examine the role of memory in reinforcement decision-making . We hypothesized that if memories guide choices in a conditioning decision-making task, then manipulating these memories would result in a change of decision preferences to gain reward. We manipulated participants’ memories by providing false feedback that their memory associations were wrong before they made decisions that could lead them to win money . Participants’ memory ratings decreased significantly after receiving false feedback. More importantly, we found that false feedback led participants’ decision bias to disappear after their memory associations were undermined . Our results suggest that reinforcement decision-making can be altered by fasle feedback on memories . The results are discussed using memory mechanisms such as spreading activation theories
An exploration into the client at the heart of therapy : a qualitative perspective
Over 50 years ago Eysenck challenged the existing base of research into psychotherapy. Since that time, a large number of investigations have been conducted to verify the efficacy of therapy. Recently however, an increasing number of studies have cast new doubts on this research base. Instead of therapy being a function of the therapist, it is now becoming ever more apparent that the client plays a prime role in the therapeutic process. The qualitative studies presented in this paper provide some examples of research that demonstrates that clients are actively involved in their therapy, even making counselling work despite their counsellor. These studies suggest that clients may not experience therapy as beneficially as traditional outcome studies indicate. This raises a new challenge to researchers to more fully explore the client's experience of therapy, a challenge to which qualitative methods of inquiry would appear well suited
Kappa-symmetry for coincident D-branes
A kappa-symmetric action for coincident D-branes is presented. It is valid in
the approximation that the additional fermionic variables, used to incorporate
the non-abelian degrees of freedom, are treated classically. The action is
written as a Bernstein-Leites integral on the supermanifold obtained from the
bosonic worldvolume by adjoining the extra fermions. The integrand is a very
simple extension of the usual Green-Schwarz action for a single brane; all
symmetries, except for kappa, are manifest, and the proof of kappa-symmetry is
very similar to the abelian case.Comment: 18 pages. References adde
Are young stars always associated with cold massive disks? A CO and millimeter interferometric continuum survey
The results of a combined millimeter-spectral-line and continuum survey of cold far-infrared sources selected to favor embedded young stars in the Galaxy are presented. The spectral-line observations were performed with the 5 meter antenna of the University of Texas Millimeter-Wave Observatory. High resolution continuum observations were obtained with the Owens Valley (OVRO) Millimeter-Wave Interferometer. The goal of the survey was to gain insight into the mass, temperature, and distribution of cold dust which envelopes stars during the earliest stages of their evolution. The first phase of our survey involved 1.2 arcmin resolution observations of CO-12 and CO-13 emission lines toward each source. All but two sources had detectable CO emission. We found that 40% of the sources appear to be associated with star formation as evidenced by the presence of enhanced CO-12 line widths or broad wings. At least five of these objects are associated with bipolar molecular outflows. The second phase of our survey involves high resolution 2.7 mm continuum observations with 3 interferometer baselines ranging from 15 to 55 m in length. Preliminary results indicate that about 25% of the sources in our sample have detectable continuum emission on scales less than 30 arcsec. The high percentage of sources with enhanced CO-12 line widths or broad wings indicates that a significant fraction of our samples, 40%, are likely to be young stars. The lower detection percentage in the continuum observations, 25%, suggest that such objects are not always surrounded by large concentrations of gas and dust. The continuum detection percentage for actual dust emission could be lower than that given above since emission from ionized gas could be responsible for the observed 2.7 mm emission in some objects. To get an understanding of the type of object detected in our survey, a map of one of the survey sources, L1689N, has been made using the OVRO mm interferometer
INVESTIGATING VICTORIA'S INVERSE EQUITY HYPOTHESIS: THE CHANGING SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV INFECTION IN TANZANIA
On the covariance of the Dirac-Born-Infeld-Myers action
A covariant version of the non-abelian Dirac-Born-Infeld-Myers action is
presented. The non-abelian degrees of freedom are incorporated by adjoining to
the (bosonic) worldvolume of the brane a number of anticommuting fermionic
directions corresponding to boundary fermions in the string picture. The
proposed action treats these variables as classical but can be given a matrix
interpretation if a suitable quantisation prescription is adopted. After
gauge-fixing and quantisation of the fermions, the action is shown to be in
agreement with the Myers action derived from T-duality. It is also shown that
the requirement of covariance in the above sense leads to a modified WZ term
which also agrees with the one proposed by Myers.Comment: 18 pages. Minor alterations to the text; references adde
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