Tau Appearance In Atmospheric Neutrino Interactions

If the correct interpretation of the Super-Kamiokande atmospheric neutrino data is \nu_\mu -> \nu_\tau oscillation, the contained data sample should already have more than 10 tau appearance events. We study the challenging task of detecting the tau, focussing on the decay chain \tau^\pm -> \rho^\pm -> \pi^\pm \pi^0 in events with quasi-elastic tau production. The background level, which is currently quite uncertain because of a lack of relevant neutral current data, can be measured by the near detector in the K2K experiment. Our estimates of the background suggest that it may be possible to detect tau appearance in Super-Kamiokande with 5-10 years of running.Comment: 13 pages, uses psfi

Vector and Axial Form Factors Applied to Neutrino Quasielastic Scattering

We calculate the quasielastic cross sections for neutrino scattering on nucleons using up to date fits to the nucleon elastic electromagnetic form factors GEp, GEn, GMp, GMn, and weak form factors. We show the extraction of Fa for neutrino experiments. We show how well \minerva, a new approved experiment at FNAL, can measure Fa. We show the that Fa has a different contribution to the anti-neutrino cross section, and how the anti-neutrino data can be used to check Fa extracted from neutrino scattering.Comment: Presented by Howard Budd at NuInt04, Mar. 2004, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso - INFN - Assergi, Ital

Resonance production by neutrinos: I. J=3/2 Resonances

The article contains general formulas for the production of J=3/2 resonances by neutrinos and antineutrinos. It specializes to the P_{33}(1232) resonance whose form factors are determined by theory and experiment and then are compared with experimental results at low and high energies. It is shown that the minimum in the low Q^2 region is a consequence of a combined effect from the vanishing of the vector form factors, the muon mass and Pauli blocking. Several improvements for the future investigations are suggested.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX, misprints corrected, 1 reference adde

Saccharomyces arboricola and Its Hybrids’ Propensity for Sake Production: Interspecific Hybrids Reveal Increased Fermentation Abilities and a Mosaic Metabolic Profile

The use of interspecific hybrids during the industrial fermentation process has been well established, positioning the frontier of advancement in brewing to capitalize on the potential of Saccharomyces hybridization. Interspecific yeast hybrids used in modern monoculture inoculations benefit from a wide range of volatile metabolites that broaden the organoleptic complexity. This is the first report of sake brewing by Saccharomyces arboricola and its hybrids. S. arboricola x S. cerevisiae direct-mating generated cryotolerant interspecific hybrids which increased yields of ethanol and ethyl hexanoate compared to parental strains, important flavor attributes of fine Japanese ginjo sake rice wine. Hierarchical clustering heatmapping with principal component analysis for metabolic profiling was used in finding low levels of endogenous amino/organic acids clustered S. arboricola apart from the S. cerevisiae industrial strains. In sake fermentations, hybrid strains showed a mosaic profile of parental strains, while metabolic analysis suggested S. arboricola had a lower amino acid net uptake than S. cerevisiae. Additionally, this research found an increase in ethanolic fermentation from pyruvate and increased sulfur metabolism. Together, these results suggest S. arboricola is poised for in-depth metabolomic exploration in sake fermentation

Charged current weak electroproduction of Delta resonance

We study the weak production of $\Delta$ (i.e. $e^{-} + p \to \Delta^{0}+ \nu_{e}$ and $e^{+} + p \to \Delta^{++} + \bar{\nu}_{e}$) in the intermediate energy range corresponding to the Mainz and TJNAF electron accelerators. The differential cross sections $\sigma(\theta)$ are found to be of the order of $10^{-39}$ cm$^2$/sr, over a range of angles which increases with energy. The possibility of observing these reactions with the high luminosities available at these accelerators, and studying the weak N-$\Delta$ transition form factors through these reactions is discussed. The production cross section of N$^*(1440)$ in the kinematic region of $\Delta$ production is also estimated and found to be small.Comment: 19 pages, REVTEX, 4 figure

νd→μ−Δ++n\nu d \to \mu^- \Delta^{++} n Reaction and Axial Vector N−ΔN-\Delta Coupling

The reaction $\nu d \to \mu^- \Delta^{++} n$ is studied in the region of low $q^2$ to investigate the effect of deuteron structure and width of the $\Delta$ resonance on the differential cross section. The results are used to extract the axial vector $N-\Delta$ coupling $C^{A}_5$ from the experimental data on this reaction. The possibility to determine this coupling from electroweak interaction experiments with high intensity electron accelerators is discussed.Comment: 14 pages, REVTEX, 5 figure

Chronic allergic contact dermatitis promotes skin cancer

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is well recognized as an adverse event associated with implantable medical devices that contain allergenic materials like nickel; however, other cutaneous consequences of chronic exposure to allergens in implanted devices are not well understood. Here, we present a clinical case of Marjolin’s ulcer, an invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that developed in response to chronic ACD caused by an orthopedic implant. We used a standard murine model of contact hypersensitivity to determine whether chronic ACD promotes skin carcinogenesis. Chronic application of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB) to carcinogen-treated skin led to the development of papillomas and aggressive SCC. DNFB-driven chronic ACD was marked by type 2 inflammation, which mediated skin carcinogenesis, as mice unable to mount an inflammatory response were less likely to develop skin tumors. Importantly, we found similar tumor-promoting inflammation surrounding the SCC in our patient. Our findings demonstrate that chronic ACD caused by constant exposure to an allergen can promote tumorigenesis at skin sites with preexisting cancer-initiated cells. Moreover, our results suggest that patients with implantable devices placed in close proximity to the skin should be monitored for ACD and highlight the importance of patch testing prior to the placement of such devices

The Off-diagonal Goldberger-Treiman Relation and Its Discrepancy

We study the off-diagonal Goldberger-Treiman relation (ODGTR) and its discrepancy (ODGTD) in the N, Delta, pi sector through O(p^2) using heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory. To this order, the ODGTD and axial vector N to Delta transition radius are determined solely by low energy constants. Loop corrections appear at O(p^4). For low-energy constants of natural size, the ODGTD would represent a ~ 2% correction to the ODGTR. We discuss the implications of the ODGTR and ODGTD for lattice and quark model calculations of the transition form factors and for parity-violating electroexcitation of the Delta.Comment: 11 pages, 1 eps figur

A study of the nuclear medium influence on transverse momentum of hadrons produced in deep inelastic neutrino scattering

The influence of nuclear effects on the transverse momentum $(p_T)$ distributions of neutrinoproduced hadrons is investigated using the data obtained with SKAT propane-freon bubble chamber irradiated in the neutrino beam (with $E_{\nu}$ = 3-30 GeV) at Serpukhov accelerator. Dependences of $$on the kinematical variables of inclusive deep-inelastic scattering and of the produced hadrons are measured. It has been observed, that the nuclear effects cause an enhancement of$$ of hadrons (more pronounced for the positively charged ones) produced in the target fragmentation region at low invariant mass of the hadronic system (2 $< W <$ 4 GeV) or at low energies transferred to the current quark (2 $< \nu < 9$ GeV). At higher $W$ or $\nu$, no influence of nuclear effects on $$ is observed. Measurement results are compared with predictions of a simple model, incorporating secondary intranuclear interactions of hadrons (with a formation length extracted from the Lund fragmentation model), which qualitatively reproduces the main features of the data.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figure

Nucleon Axial Form Factor from Lattice QCD

Results for the isovector axial form factors of the proton from a lattice QCD calculation are presented for both point-split and local currents. They are obtained on a quenched $16^{3} \times 24$ lattice at $\beta= 6.0$ with Wilson fermions for a range of quark masses from strange to charm. We determine the finite lattice renormalization for both the local and point-split currents of heavy quarks. Results extrapolated to the chiral limit show that the $q^2$ dependence of the axial form factor agrees reasonably well with experiment. The axial coupling constant $g_A$ calculated for the local and the point-split currents is about 6\% and 12\% smaller than the experimental value respectively.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures (included in part 2), UK/93-0