L’éloge du vagabondage au XIXe siècle : une pensée minoritaire

All along the nineteenth century in France, the vagabond becomes a main social and philosophical issue, for he is hunt down by scientists \u2013 vagrancy is conceived as a mental illness \u2013 and by jurists \u2013 different laws are created to criminalize the act. By establishing a link between this sudden obsession and the concern expressed by thinkers (Tocqueville, Comte, Bourget) that the society is dangerously blowing apart in separate individuals, this paper aims to analyze the anifestation of this conflict between society and vagabond in literature, among others Barr\ue8s\u2019 Les D\ue9racin\ue9s and Gide\u2019s Nourritures terrestres

Ambivalences de l’individualisme : les palinodies de Louis Aragon

Il s\u2019agira d\u2019\ue9tudier, par le biais de plusieurs textes fictionnels et journalistiques allant du Libertinage (1924) au \uab Prol\ue9tariat de l\u2019esprit \ubb (1925), la position fluctuante de Louis Aragon par rapport \ue0 la question de l\u2019individualisme. Con\ue7u d\u2019abord comme la condition sine qua non de la libert\ue9, l\u2019individualisme en vient peu \ue0 peu \ue0 \ueatre mis en doute pour \ueatre finalement d\ue9nonc\ue9 de fa\ue7on virulente en 1925 au nom d\u2019une participation collective exig\ue9e par la lutte des classes. Ce revirement ne conduit pourtant pas Aragon \ue0 adh\ue9rer imm\ue9diatement au Parti communiste ; nous mettrons en \ue9vidence l\u2019existence d\u2019une \ue9tape interm\ue9diaire entre la position libertaire et la position communiste, \ue9tape durant laquelle l\u2019\ue9crivain pr\uf4ne un engagement collectif d\ue9li\ue9 de toute forme d\u2019adh\ue9sion \ue0 un parti

Philippe Soupault ou le roman à l’encre de pieuvre

Between 1923 and 1934, Philippe Soupault published thirteen novels which all have in common the recurring theme of escape. Rather than engaging with the surrealist theme of imaginary escape, the author explores real-life leaps into the unknown. A range of characters leave their families, wives, habits and jobs to experience greater freedom and escape the constraints of bourgeois society. Adopting a contextual and sociocritical approach, this paper will focus on Soupault\u2019s first novel, Le Bon Ap\uf4tre, in order to examine this desire for escape as a symptom.Entre 1923 et 1934, Philippe Soupault publie treize romans, dont le point commun est sans conteste la th\ue9matique de l\u2019\ue9chapp\ue9e et de la fuite. Il ne s\u2019agit toutefois pas d\u2019\ue9vasion dans l\u2019imaginaire, th\ue8me surr\ue9aliste par excellence, mais bien de fuites en avant dans le r\ue9el: d\u2019innombrables personnages quittent leurs familles, femmes, habitudes, travail, afin de faire l\u2019exp\ue9rience d\u2019une plus grande libert\ue9 et d\u2019\ue9chapper aux entraves de la soci\ue9t\ue9 bourgeoise. L\u2019analyse th\ue9matique, qui portera par souci de concision sur le premier roman (Le Bon Ap\uf4tre), sera second\ue9e d\u2019une approche sociocritique qui cherchera \ue0 d\ue9finir de quoi cette obsession pour la fuite est le sympt\uf4me

Écrire la Révolution : de Jack London au Comité invisible

Un temps oubli\ue9e, d\ue9cri\ue9e, ridiculis\ue9e, la r\ue9volution est aujourd\u2019hui \ue0 nouveau un probl\ue8me politique cl\ue9. Outre le printemps arabe, Occupy Wall Street, Nuit debout, ainsi que les comm\ue9morations d\u2019Octobre 17 et de mai 68 qui en ont r\ue9activ\ue9 l\u2019imaginaire (voire le d\ue9sir), un nombre croissant de romans, de r\ue9cits, de pi\ue8ces de th\ue9\ue2tre et de recueils de po\ue9sie contemporains ont pour th\ue8me l\u2019insurrection, le soul\ue8vement et la r\ue9volte. Une bibliographie comprenant une cinquantaine de titres permet d\u2019en mesurer l\u2019importance. Cette pr\ue9sence de la r\ue9volution dans le champ culturel contemporain nous enjoint \ue0 reprendre une question pos\ue9e il y a pr\ue8s d\u2019un si\ue8cle par L\ue9on Trotsky, \ue0 savoir : comment penser les rapports entre Litt\ue9rature et R\ue9volution ? De Jack London au Comit\ue9 invisible, en passant entre autres par Alfred D\uf6blin, Louis Aragon, Jean Genet et Pierre Michon, cet ouvrage interroge la mani\ue8re dont les r\ue9volutions politiques (r\ue9elles ou imagin\ue9es, pass\ue9es ou projet\ue9es) ont suscit\ue9 des configurations et des questionnements esth\ue9tiques depuis le d\ue9but du XXe si\ue8cle. Quelles relations entretiennent, dans ces textes, le po\ue9tique et le politique ? L\u2019\ue9crivain et le r\ue9volutionnaire ? La fiction et l\u2019action ? Aux diff\ue9rentes contributions qui esquissent des r\ue9ponses \ue0 ces interrogations s\u2019ajoutent trois entretiens avec des \ue9crivains (Arno Bertina, Leslie Kaplan, Nathalie Quintane) dont l\u2019oeuvre litt\ue9raire trame \ue0 nouveaux frais la question politique

Effect of ovariectomy and ad libitum feeding on body composition, thyroid status, ghrelin and leptin plasma concentrations in female dogs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ovariectomy (i) and ad libitum feeding (ii) on energy intake, body weight (BW), body composition, thyroid status, leptin and ghrelin plasma concentrations. Four young adult female Beagle dogs were fed a maintenance diet for 6 weeks prior to ovariectomy, then 6 months after. Food allowance was adjusted in order to maintain optimal BW. Then, a diet slightly higher in energy concentration was fed ad libitum for 4 months. The maintenance diet was then fed ad libitum for one additional month. The maintenance of optimal BW after ovariectomy required a significant decrease in energy allowance. No increase in fat mass was observed. Ghrelin concentration remained unchanged. During the first month of ad libitum feeding, plasma ghrelin concentration and energy intake increased, then they decreased. Mean BW, plasma leptin, thyrotropin (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3) and total thyroxine (TT4) concentrations significantly increased over the study. The BW increase was exclusively due to an increase in body fat. In conclusion, energy allowance should be strictly controlled in spayed female dogs. The results suggest that in dogs, thyroid hormones, leptin and ghrelin concentrations change in response to a positive energy balance in an attempt to limit weight gain. However, the significant weight gain shows that this goal was not achieved