12,527 research outputs found
Object-Oriented Paradigms for Modelling Vascular\ud Tumour Growth: a Case Study
Motivated by a family of related hybrid multiscale models, we have built an object-oriented framework for developing and implementing multiscale models of vascular tumour growth. The models are implemented in our framework as a case study to highlight how object-oriented programming techniques and good object-oriented design may be used effectively to develop hybrid multiscale models of vascular tumour growth. The intention is that this paper will serve as a useful reference for researchers modelling complex biological systems and that these researchers will employ some of the techniques presented herein in their own projects
“For her own safety and the good of society at large”: Eugenics, Sterilization, and Anglo-American Transnationalism in Newfoundland, 1928-1934
From 1928 to 1934, about half of the two dozen women who were surgically sterilized while under the care of American doctors working with the International Grenfell Association (IGA) in St. Anthony, Newfoundland, were sterilized because they were deemed to be mentally unfit or substandard. These sterilizations coincided with rising concern about feebleminded persons and eugenic and legislative solutions across the United States, the British Empire, and beyond, but Newfoundland did not develop a eugenic movement nor did it enact laws to sanction surgical sterilization. What happened in St. Anthony was a result of the otherwise beneficial “Americanization” of the IGA.Environ la moitié des deux douzaines de femmes qui subirent une stérilisation chirurgicale entre 1928 et 1934 alors qu’elles étaient soignées par des médecins américains qui travaillaient pour l’International Grenfell Association (IGA) à St. Anthony (Terre-Neuve) furent stérilisées parce qu’elles étaient considérées comme mentalement inaptes ou inférieures. Ces stérilisations coïncidaient avec la montée des préoccupations suscitées par les personnes d’esprit faible et des solutions eugéniques et législatives adoptées aux États-Unis, dans l’empire britannique et au-delà . Aucun mouvement eugénique ne vit cependant le jour à Terre-Neuve, qui n’adopta pas de lois pour approuver la stérilisation chirurgicale. Ce qui se produisit à St. Anthony était le résultat de l’américanisation de l’IGA, qui fut par ailleurs bénéfique
Impact reactivity of materials at very high oxygen pressure
The requirements for impact testing of materials in an oxygen atmosphere at pressures from 82.7 MPa (12,000 psi) to 172 MPa (25,000 psi) were evaluated. The impact tester system was evaluated for potential pressure increases from 69 MPa (10,000 psi) to 82.7 MPa (12,000 psi). The low pressure oxygen and nitrogen systems, the impact tower, the impact test cell, and the high pressure oxygen system were evaluated individually. Although the structural integrity of the impact test cell and the compressor were sufficient for operation at 82.7 MPa (12,000 psi), studies revealed possible material incompatibility at that pressure and above. It was recommended that if a component should be replaced for 82.7 MPa (12,000 psi) operation the replacement should meet the final objectives of 172 MPa (25,000 psi). Recommended changes in the system include; use of Monel 400 for pressures above 82.7 MPa (12,000 psi), use of bellows to replace the seal in the impact tester, use of a sapphire window attached to a fiber optic for event sensing, and use of a three diaphragm compressor
Transient transfection induces different intracellular calcium signaling in CHO K1 versus HEK 293 cells
For the controlled production of recombinant proteinsin mammalian cells by transient transfection, it maybe desirable not only to manipulate, but also todiagnose the expression success early. Here, weapplied laser scanning confocal microscopy to monitortransfection induced intracellular Ca2+responses. We compared Chinese hamster ovary (CHO K1)versus human embryo kidney (HEK) 293 cell lines, whichdiffer largely in their transfectability. An improvedcalcium phosphate transfection method was used for itssimplicity and its demonstrated upscale potential.Cytosolic Ca2+ signaling appeared to inverselyreflect the cellular transfection fate. Virtually allCHO cells exhibited asynchronous, cytosolicCa2+ oscillations, which peaked 4 h afteraddition of the transfecting solution. Yet, most ofthe HEK cells displayed a slow and continuousCa2+ increase over the time of transfection. CHOcells, when exposed to a transfection-enhancingglycerol shock, strongly downregulated their Ca2+response, including its oscillations. When treatedwith thapsigargin, a Ca2+ store depleting drug,the number of successfully transfected CHO cells was significantly reduced. Our result points tointracellular store release as a critical componentfor the transfection fate of CHO cells, and its early detection before product visualizatio
Modeling Long- and Short-Term Temporal Patterns with Deep Neural Networks
Multivariate time series forecasting is an important machine learning problem
across many domains, including predictions of solar plant energy output,
electricity consumption, and traffic jam situation. Temporal data arise in
these real-world applications often involves a mixture of long-term and
short-term patterns, for which traditional approaches such as Autoregressive
models and Gaussian Process may fail. In this paper, we proposed a novel deep
learning framework, namely Long- and Short-term Time-series network (LSTNet),
to address this open challenge. LSTNet uses the Convolution Neural Network
(CNN) and the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to extract short-term local
dependency patterns among variables and to discover long-term patterns for time
series trends. Furthermore, we leverage traditional autoregressive model to
tackle the scale insensitive problem of the neural network model. In our
evaluation on real-world data with complex mixtures of repetitive patterns,
LSTNet achieved significant performance improvements over that of several
state-of-the-art baseline methods. All the data and experiment codes are
available online.Comment: Accepted by SIGIR 201
Soliton microcomb based spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a widely used and
minimally invaive technique for bio-medical imaging [1]. SD-OCT typically
relies on the use of superluminescent diodes (SLD), which provide a low-noise
and broadband optical spectrum. Recent advances in photonic chipscale frequency
combs [2, 3] based on soliton formation in photonic integrated microresonators
provide an chipscale alternative illumination scheme for SD-OCT. Yet to date,
the use of such soliton microcombs in OCT has not yet been analyzed. Here we
explore the use of soliton microcombs in spectral domain OCT and show that, by
using photonic chipscale Si3N4 resonators in conjunction with 1300 nm pump
lasers, spectral bandwidths exceeding those of commercial SLDs are possible. We
demonstrate that the soliton states in microresonators exhibit a noise floor
that is ca. 3 dB lower than for the SLD at identical power, but can exhibit
significantly lower noise performance for powers at the milliWatt level. We
perform SD-OCT imaging on an ex vivo fixed mouse brain tissue using the soliton
microcomb, alongside an SLD for comparison, and demonstrate the principle
viability of soliton based SD-OCT. Importantly, we demonstrate that classical
amplitude noise of all soliton comb teeth are correlated, i.e. common mode, in
contrast to SLD or incoherent microcomb states [4], which should, in theory,
improve the image quality. Moreover, we demonstrate the potential for circular
ranging, i.e. optical sub-sampling [5, 6], due to the high coherence and
temporal periodicity of the soliton state. Taken together, our work indicates
the promising properties of soliton microcombs for SD-OCT
Molecular Basis of Prostate Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics
Prostate Cancer is now the second biggest cause of cancer mortality in the UK. Media coverage has been rising, with some attributing to a rise in the cases diagnosed and treated in the NHS down to the “Fry and Turnbull effect”. Our understanding of prostate cancer has increased tremendously in the past decades, with advances in molecular biology and genomics driving the way to new treatments and diagnostics. This Special Edition of Translational Andrology and Urology 2019: Prostate Cancer Biology and Genomics aims to review the current state of prostate cancer genomics, proteomics, diagnostics and treatment
Threshold for the destabilisation of the ion-temperature-gradient mode in magnetically confined toroidal plasmas
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