The first example of an intramolecular westphal reaction. Synthesis of a new aza-quinolizinium type system

The first example of an intramolecular Westphal condensation is described. To test the utility of this reaction, new benz(f)azino[2,1-a]phthalazinium salts have been prepared from appropriate dicarbonyl precursors.The authors wish to thank the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (C.I.C.Y.T.) (Project SAF98-0093) for financial support and one studentship (V. M. B.

Cohort study protocol: Bioresource in Adult Infectious Diseases (BioAID)

Introduction: Infectious diseases have a major impact on morbidity and mortality in hospital. Microbial diagnosis remains elusive for most cases of suspected infection which impacts on the use of antibiotics. Rapid advances in genomic technologies combined with high-quality phenotypic data have great potential to improve the diagnosis, management and clinical outcomes of infectious diseases.  The aim of the Bioresource in Adult Infectious Diseases (BioAID) is to provide a platform for biomarker discovery, trials and clinical service developments in the field of infectious diseases, by establishing a registry linking clinical phenotype to microbial and biological samples in adult patients who attend hospital with suspected infection. Methods and analysis: BioAID is a cohort study which employs deferred consent to obtain an additional 2.5mL RNA blood sample from patients who attend the Emergency Department (ED) with suspected infection when they undergo peripheral blood culture sampling.  Clinical data and additional biological samples including DNA, serum and microbial isolates are obtained from BioAID participants during hospital admission.  Participants are also asked to consent to be recalled for future studies. BioAID aims to recruit 10,000 patients from 5-8 sites across England.  Since February 2014 >4000 individuals have been recruited to the study.  The final cohort will be characterised using descriptive statistics including information on the number of cases that can be linked to biological and microbial samples to support future research studies. Ethical approval and section 251 exemption have been obtained for BioAID researchers to seek deferred consent from patients from whom a RNA specimen has been collected. Samples and meta-data obtained through BioAID will be made available to researchers worldwide following submission of an application form and research protocol.   Conclusions: BioAID will support a range of study designs spanning discovery science, biomarker validation, disease pathogenesis and epidemiological analyses of clinical infection syndromes

El análisis de 52 genomas fúngicos aclara la evolución de los estilos de vida de los Agaricales

1 p.Los Agaricomycetes han desarrollado complejas maquinarias enzimáticas que les permiten descomponer los diferentes polímeros vegetales, incluida la lignina. Entre ellos, los Agaricales saprótrofos se caracterizan por su diversidad de hábitats y estilos de vida. El análisis de 52 genomas de Agaricomycetes aquí realizado revela que los Agaricales poseen una gran diversidad de enzimas hidrolíticas y oxidativas para la descomposición de la lignocelulosa. En base a las familias de genes con mayor velocidad evolutiva (dominios de unión a celulosa, glicosil hidrolasa GH43, monooxigenasas líticas de polisacáridos, peroxidasas ligninolíticas, enzimas de la superfamilia de glucosa-metanol-colina oxidasas/deshidrogenasas, lacasas y peroxigenasas), reconstruimos los estilos de vida de los ancestros que dieron lugar a los actuales Agaricomycetes degradadores de lignocelulosa. Los cambios en el conjunto de herramientas enzimáticas de los Agaricales ancestrales se correlacionaron con la evolución de su capacidad para crecer no solo sobre madera, sino también sobre hojarasca de bosques y madera en descomposición, siendo los descomponedores de la hojarasca de praderas el grupo ecofisiológico más reciente. En este contexto, las anteriores familias de enzimas se analizaron en relación con la diversidad de estilos de vida. Las peroxidasas aparecen como un componente central del set enzimático de los Agaricomycetes saprotrófos, consistente con su papel esencial en la degradación de la lignina y sus altas tasas evolutivas. Esto incluye no solo expansiones/pérdidas de genes de peroxidasas, sino también la presencia generalizada en Agaricales de nuevos tipos de peroxidasas que no se encuentran en Polyporales degradadores de madera, y en otros órdenes de Agaricomycetes.Projectos/contratos BIO2017-86559-R, BIO2015-73697-JIN, AGL2014-55971-R, NSF-grant-1457721, CEFOX-031B0831B, PIE-201620E081, ANR-11-LABX-0002-01, US-DOE-DE-AC02-05CH11231Peer reviewe

Lifestyle Evolution And Peroxidase Diversity In Agaricales As Revealed By Comparative Genomics

Descripción de 1 páginas de la comunicación oral presentada en Oxizymes2022 10th edition of the international “Oxizymes” meeting. Siena, Italy, July 5-8, 2022Basidiomycetes of the class Agaricomycetes have developed complex enzymatic machineries that allow them to decompose plant polymers, including lignin. Within this group, saprotrophic Agaricales are characterized by an unparalleled diversity of habitats and lifestyles in comparison with fungi from other orders. With the aim of shedding light on the evolution of lignocellulose-decaying lifestyles in Agaricales we conducted a comparative analysis of 52 Agaricomycetes genomes [1]. This study revealed that Agaricales possess a large diversity of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes. Surprisingly, computer-assisted gene-family evolution analysis of these enzymes revealed that a few oxidoreductase families showed significantly higher evolutionary rates. Based on these gene families we reconstructed the lifestyles of the ancestors that led to the extant lignocellulose-decomposing Agaricomycetes. According to this, we determined that changes in the oxidative enzymatic toolkit of ancestral Agaricales correlate with the evolution of their ability to grow not only on wood, but also on leaf and grass litter and decayed wood. In this context, the aboye families were analyzed and special attention was paid to peroxidases as a central component of the enzymatic toolkit of saprotrophic Agaricomycetes responsible for lignin degradation. We identified a widespread presence of new ligninolytic peroxidase types in Agaricales, some of them not previously identified in this order, and others also not found in woodrottingPolyporales and other orders of Agaricomycetes. Peroxidase evolution was analyzed in Agaricomycetes by ancestral sequence reconstruction and several major evolutionary pathways were unveiled. The study of the newly identified peroxidases will provide insight into their role in the lignin degradation process. In fact, these studies have already been initiated with the expression and characterization of the first lignin peroxidase identified in Agaricales. [1] Ruiz-Dueñas FJ, Barrasa JM, Sánchez-García M, Camarero S, Miyauchi S, Serrano A, et al., 2021, Mol Biol Evol, 38, 1428-1446.Projects/contracts BI02017-86559-R, BI02015-7369-JIN, AGL2014-55971-R, NSFgrant-1457721 , CEFOX-031 B0831 S, PIE-201620E081 , ANR-11-LABX-0002-01 , US-DOE-DE-AC02-05CH11231N

Trasplante pulmonar en ratas. Un modelo viable de estudio experimental

Objetivos: Desarrollar el modelo experimental de trasplante pulmonar (TP) con cuffs (técnica de manguito), inicialmente descrito por Mizuta, como medio de estudio del TP en nuestro medio incorporando un nuevo protocolo anestésico rápido, seguro y reversible. Material y método: Se han utilizado ratas Sprague-Dawley (n = 88) para el desarrollo del modelo experimental y se han logrado realizar 30 TP izquierdos (n = 60). En el animal donante se han efectuado una esternotomía media y extracción del bloque cardiopulmonar con disección del pulmón izquierdo y colocación de los cuffs (catéteres de venopunción cortados en cilindros de 3 mm). En el receptor, a través de una toracotomía lateral, se ha llevado a cabo el implante del pulmón izquierdo mediante las anastomosis con cuffs. Se han valorado el tiempo quirúrgico y las complicaciones postoperatorias, así como la presencia de signos de lesión de isquemia-reperfusión y rechazo agudo en el pulmón trasplantado. Resultados: Durante el desarrollo del modelo experimental rechazamos a 8 animales en la extracción. Tras completarla satisfactoriamente, no se pudo realizar el implante en 10 ratas por problemas técnicos. De los animales trasplantados, 4 fallecieron en las primeras 24 h y 26 ratas sobrevivieron hasta las 48 h, momento en que fueron sacrificadas. Hallamos un buen estado de las anastomosis y signos de lesión de isquemia-reperfusión y rechazo agudo en el parénquima pulmonar del pulmón trasplantado. Conclusiones: El TP con cuffs en ratas es un modelo válido, fiable, reproducible y económico para el estudio del TP y de los fenómenos de isquemia-reperfusión y rechazo. La técnica quirúrgica es compleja, tiene una larga curva de aprendizaje y requiere personal con experiencia quirúrgica. Además, es subsidiaria de modificaciones que hagan que se asemeje más a la técnica quirúrgica utilizada en clínica humana para interpretar mejor y poder extrapolar los resultados al humano con más fiabilida

Synthesis and plasmonic properties of monodisperse Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles of different compositions from a single-source organometallic precursor

Monodisperse Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles of different compositions are prepared through the mild decomposition of the bimetallic precursor [Au 2Ag2(C6F5)4(OEt 2)2]n in an organic solvent using hexadecylamine (HDA) as a stabilizing ligand. The effects of different reaction parameters on the size and composition of the nanoparticles, such as the metal:HDA ratio, the use of H2 reducing gas or the solvent (toluene, THF or mesitylene), have been studied through TEM, HRTEM, EDS, UV/Vis and 19F NMR spectroscopy. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) displayed by the spherical Au-Ag nanoparticles can be tuned as a function of the metal composition. © 2014 the Partner Organisations