Some Tingidae from spanish Guinea (Hemiptera)

Número enero-junioThis paper deals entirely with a small collection of lacebugs or Tingidae belonging to the Instituto Español de Entomología, Madrid, Spain. The type of the new genus described below is figured. The records are new to the fauna of Spanish Guinea.Peer reviewe

À new genus of american Ochteridae (Hemiptera)

1 lámina. Número de enero-junioThe present paper is based entirely upon a study of the types of the American species of the family Ochteridae in the British Museum of Natural History (London). Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) and the Instituto Español de Entomología (Madrid). As a result of a careful study of the types, it is necessary to erect a new genus for the reception of Pelogonus victor Bolivar and to suppress Pelogonus splendidulus Montadon as a synonym of victor. In orden to clarify the literature, the changes are listed in the bibliography under victor Bolivar. The fine colored illustration was made by Señor Mostacero.Peer reviewe

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

El estudio de las distribuciones históricas aplicado a la recuperación de especies: el caso de la Trucha Común (Salmo Trutta Linnaeus, 1758) en Andalucía

La recuperación de los ecosistemas acuáticos continentales pasa por el restablecimiento de los hábitats en condiciones no perturbadas y una vez conseguido este objetivo por la recuperación de la integridad biótica. Para ello es necesario reintroduccir especies que hayan desaparecido por efecto de la acción humana y para las que es recomendable que su reintegración al ecosistema genere beneficios en términos ecológicos (recuperación de procesos, reinstauración de valores de biodiversidad, etc.) y de gestión y conservación (incremento del valor conservacionista del medio y del grado de atención que recibe por parte de gestores y opinión pública). En este sentido la Consejería de Medio Ambiente de la Junta de Andalucía ha iniciado un “Programa de recuperación de la Trucha Común en Andalucía” que incluye el análisis de la viabilidad de la reintroducción de esta especie en ámbitos de los que ha desaparecido. Dentro del mismo se han identificado los tramos fluviales con presencia del salmónido en torno al s.XIX, para a continuación valorar su aptitud potencial para acoger poblaciones viables en la actualidad. Para ello se han buscado citas de esta especie en diferentes fuentes documentales. En total se han consultado 521 documentos, pertenecientes a 8 tipos de fuentes documentales y se han extraído 210 citas de presencia de trucha común que han sido representadas en cuadrículas UTM 10x10. Desde del s.XIX el numero de cuadrículas con trucha se ha reducido en Andalucía en un 73%. Actualmente solo quedan 3 grandes áreas con ríos trucheros: Sierra Nevada, Sierras de Cazorla y las sierras de Tejeda y Almijara. En un siglo han desaparecido entre 11 y 12 poblaciones (las de menor tamaño) y las actuales se han visto muy reducidas. Posiblemente en el s.XIX todavía subsistieran en Andalucía poblaciones migradoras de trucha. Este enfoque además ha servido para indagar sobre los factores con más peso sobre la extinción de la trucha común en Andalucía

Reconciling resilience across ecological systems, species and subdisciplines

Resilience has emerged as a key concept in ecology and conservation biology to understand and predict ecosystem responses to global change. In its broadest sense, resilience describes the ability of an ecosystem to resist, and recover from, a disturbance. However, the application of such a concept in different subdisciplines of ecology and in different study systems has resulted in a wide disparity of definitions and ways of quantifying resilience. This Special Feature, which spans the Journal of Ecology, Journal of Animal Ecology and Functional Ecology, provides an overview of how ecologists define, quantify, compare and predict resilience across different study systems. The 29 contributions to this Special Feature show the broad range of approaches used by ecologists to study resilience. Almost half of the contributions (48%) study resilience at the community level, with a 30% of them studying resilience at multiple levels of biological organisation. A large proportion of these articles are observational (42%), experimental (14%) or a combination of both (17%) while a 17% utilise theoretical or computational approaches. Although 38%, 21% and 14% of the studies were based solely on plants, animals or micro-organisms, respectively, 17% of them incorporated these multiple trophic levels. Synthesis. A unified ecological understanding of resilience across systems and taxa requires a trans-disciplinary consensus on what resilience actually is and how to best measure it. Here, we provide an overview of how ecologists define, quantify, compare and predict resilience across different ecological systems and subdisciplines, with reference to the diverse approaches used by contributions to this Special Feature. We identify four key recommendations to harmonise future efforts in resilience research: (a) define resilience using existing theoretical frameworks; (b) use common and comparable metrics to measure resilience; (c) clearly contextualise and define the pre- and post-disturbance state of the ecological system and (d) consider explicitly the disturbance type and regime impacting the system