2,624 research outputs found
Curvature estimates for submanifolds in warped products
We give estimates on the intrinsic and the extrinsic curvature of manifolds
that are isometrically immersed as cylindrically bounded submanifolds of warped
products. We also address extensions of the results in the case of submanifolds
of the total space of a Riemannian submersion.Comment: 21 page
Foliations and Chern-Heinz inequalities
We extend the Chern-Heinz inequalities about mean curvature and scalar
curvature of graphs of -functions to leaves of transversally oriented
codimension one -foliations of Riemannian manifolds. That extends
partially Salavessa's work on mean curvature of graphs and generalize results
of Barbosa-Kenmotsu-Oshikiri \cite{barbosa-kenmotsu-Oshikiri} and
Barbosa-Gomes-Silveira \cite{barbosa-gomes-silveira} about foliations of
3-dimensional Riemannian manifolds by constant mean curvature surfaces. These
Chern-Heinz inequalities for foliations can be applied to prove
Haymann-Makai-Osserman inequality (lower bounds of the fundamental tones of
bounded open subsets in terms of its inradius)
for embedded tubular neighborhoods of simple curves of .Comment: This paper is an improvment of an earlier paper titled On Chern-Heinz
Inequalities. 8 Pages, Late
Fingerprinting the magnetic behavior of antiferromagnetic nanostructures using remanent magnetization curves
Antiferromagnetic (AF) nanostructures from Co3O4, CoO and Cr2O3 were prepared
by the nanocasting method and were characterized magnetometrically. The field
and temperature dependent magnetization data suggests that the nanostructures
consist of a core-shell structure. The core behaves as a regular
antiferromagnet and the shell as a two-dimensional diluted antiferromagnet in a
field (2d DAFF) as previously shown on Co3O4 nanowires [Benitez et al., Phys.
Rev. Lett. 101, 097206 (2008)]. Here we present a more general picture on three
different material systems, i.e. Co3O4, CoO and Cr2O3. In particular we
consider the thermoremanent (TRM) and the isothermoremanent (IRM) magnetization
curves as "fingerprints" in order to identify the irreversible magnetization
contribution originating from the shells. The TRM/IRM fingerprints are compared
to those of superparamagnetic systems, superspin glasses and 3d DAFFs. We
demonstrate that TRM/IRM vs. H plots are generally useful fingerprints to
identify irreversible magnetization contributions encountered in particular in
nanomagnets.Comment: submitted to PR
Effects of Liposomes Contained in Thermosensitive Hydrogels as Biomaterials Useful in Neural Tissue Engineering
Indexación: Scopus.Advances in the generation of suitable thermosensitive hydrogels for the delivery of cells in neural tissue engineering demonstrate a delicate relationship between physical properties and capabilities to promote cell proliferation and differentiation. To improve the properties of these materials, it is possible to add liposomes for the controlled release of bioactive elements, which in turn can affect the physical and biological properties of the hydrogels. In the present investigation, different hydrogels based on Pluronic F127 have been formulated with the incorporation of chitosan and two types of liposomes of two different sizes. The rheological and thermal properties and their relation with the neurite proliferation and growth of the PC12 cell line were evaluated. Our results show that the incorporation of liposomes modifies the properties of the hydrogels dependent on the concentration of chitosan and the lipid type in the liposomes, which directly affect the capabilities of the hydrogels to promote the viability and differentiation of PC12 cells. © 2017 by the authors.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/10/112
Ordering in the dilute weakly-anisotropic antiferromagnet Mn(0.35)Zn(0.65)F2
The highly diluted antiferromagnet Mn(0.35)Zn(0.65)F2 has been investigated
by neutron scattering in zero field. The Bragg peaks observed below the Neel
temperature TN (approximately 10.9 K) indicate stable antiferromagnetic
long-range ordering at low temperature. The critical behavior is governed by
random-exchange Ising model critical exponents (nu approximately 0.69 and gamma
approximately 1.31), as reported for Mn(x)Zn(1-x)F2 with higher x and for the
isostructural compound Fe(x)Zn(1-x)F2. However, in addition to the Bragg peaks,
unusual scattering behavior appears for |q|>0 below a glassy temperature Tg
approximately 7.0 K. The glassy region T<Tg corresponds to that of noticeable
frequency dependence in earlier zero-field ac susceptibility measurements on
this sample. These results indicate that long-range order coexists with
short-range nonequilibrium clusters in this highly diluted magnet.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Physics of Rheologically-Enhanced Propulsion: Different Strokes in Generalized Stokes
Shear-thinning is an important rheological property of many biological
fluids, such as mucus, whereby the apparent viscosity of the fluid decreases
with shear. Certain microscopic swimmers have been shown to progress more
rapidly through shear-thinning fluids, but is this behavior generic to all
microscopic swimmers, and what are the physics through which shear-thinning
rheology affects a swimmer's propulsion? We examine swimmers employing
prescribed stroke kinematics in two-dimensional, inertialess Carreau fluid:
shear-thinning "Generalized Stokes" flow. Swimmers are modeled, using the
method of femlets, by a set of immersed, regularized forces. The equations
governing the fluid dynamics are then discretized over a body-fitted mesh and
solved with the finite element method. We analyze the locomotion of three
distinct classes of microswimmer: (1) conceptual swimmers comprising sliding
spheres employing both one- and two-dimensional strokes, (2) slip-velocity
envelope models of ciliates commonly referred to as "squirmers" and (3)
monoflagellate pushers, such as sperm. We find that morphologically identical
swimmers with different strokes may swim either faster or slower in
shear-thinning fluids than in Newtonian fluids. We explain this kinematic
sensitivity by considering differences in the viscosity of the fluid
surrounding propulsive and payload elements of the swimmer, and using this
insight suggest two reciprocal sliding sphere swimmers which violate Purcell's
Scallop theorem in shear-thinning fluids. We also show that an increased flow
decay rate arising from shear-thinning rheology is associated with a reduction
in the swimming speed of slip-velocity squirmers. For sperm-like swimmers, a
gradient of thick to thin fluid along the flagellum alters the force it exerts
upon the fluid, flattening trajectories and increasing instantaneous swimming
speed.Comment: 22 pages, 28 figure
d=3 random field behavior near percolation
The highly diluted antiferromagnet Mn(0.35)Zn(0.65)F2 has been investigated
by neutron scattering for H>0. A low-temperature (T<11K), low-field (H<1T)
pseudophase transition boundary separates a partially antiferromagnetically
ordered phase from the paramagnetic one. For 1<H<7T at low temperatures, a
region of antiferromagnetic order is field induced but is not enclosed within a
transition boundary.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Non-linear Dependence of L(B) on L(FIR) and M(H2) among Spiral Galaxies and Effects of Tidal Interaction
Through the study of a carefully selected sample of isolated spiral galaxies,
we have established that two important global physical quantities for tracing
star forming activities, L(FIR) and M(H2), have non-linear dependence on
another commonly cited global quantity L(B). Furthermore we show that simple
power law relations can effectively describe these non-linear relations for
spiral galaxies spanning four orders of magnitude in FIR and M(H2) and nearly
three orders of magnitude in L(B). While the existence of non-linear dependence
of M(H2) (assuming a constant CO-to-H2 conversion) and L(FIR) on optical
luminosity L(B) has been previously noted in the literature, an improper
normalization of simple scaling by L(B) has been commonly used in many previous
studies to claim enhanced molecular gas content and induced activities among
tidally interacting and other types of galaxies. We remove these non-linear
effects using the template relations derived from the isolated galaxy sample
and conclude that strongly interacting galaxies do not have enhanced molecular
gas content, contrary to previous claims. With these non-linear relations among
L(B), L(FIR) and M(H2) properly taken into account, we confirm again that the
FIR emission and the star formation efficiency L(FIR)/M(H2) are indeed enhanced
by tidal interactions. Virgo galaxies show the same level of M(H2) and L(FIR)
as isolated galaxies. We do not find any evidence for enhanced star forming
activity among barred galaxies.Comment: 19 pages and 5 figures, requires AAS style files, ApJ, accepte
The AMIGA sample of isolated galaxies. IV. A catalogue of neighbours around isolated galaxies
Studies of the effects of environment on galaxy properties and evolution
require well defined control samples. Such isolated galaxy samples have up to
now been small or poorly defined. The AMIGA project (Analysis of the
interstellar Medium of Isolated GAlaxies) represents an attempt to define a
statistically useful sample of the most isolated galaxies in the local (z <
0.05) Universe. A suitable large sample for the AMIGA project already exists,
the Catalogue of Isolated Galaxies (CIG, Karachentseva 1973; 1050 galaxies),
and we use this sample as a starting point to refine and perform a better
quantification of its isolation properties. Digitised POSS-I E images were
analysed out to a minimum projected radius R > 0.5 Mpc around 950 CIG galaxies
(those within Vr = 1500 km s-1 were excluded). We identified all galaxy
candidates in each field brighter than B = 17.5 with a high degree of
confidence using the LMORPHO software. We generated a catalogue of
approximately 54 000 potential neighbours (redshifts exist for 30% of this
sample). Six hundred sixty-six galaxies pass and two hundred eighty-four fail
the original CIG isolation criterion. The available redshift data confirm that
our catalogue involves a largely background population rather than physically
associated neighbours. We find that the exclusion of neighbours within a factor
of four in size around each CIG galaxy, employed in the original isolation
criterion, corresponds to Delta Vr ~ 18000 km s-1 indicating that it was a
conservative limit. Galaxies in the CIG have been found to show different
degrees of isolation. We conclude that a quantitative measure of this is
mandatory. It will be the subject of future work based on the catalogue of
neighbours obtained here.Comment: Accepted by A&A, 10 pages, 8 figures, 4 table
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