Magnetic radiation shielding systems analysis. superconducting coil technology

Shielding effectiveness and system mass of different magnetic field configurations - Electric properties and magnetic behavior of superconducting coils of niobium-zirconium allo

New skeletal tuberculosis cases in past populations from Western Hungary (Transdanubia)

The distribution, antiquity and epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) have previously been studied in osteoarchaeological material in the eastern part of Hungary, mainly on the Great Plain. The purpose of this study is to map the occurrence of skeletal TB in different centuries in the western part of Hungary, Transdanubia, and to present new cases we have found. Palaeopathological analysis was carried out using macroscopic observation supported by radiographic and molecular methods. A large human osteoarchaeological sample (n = 5684) from Transdanubian archaeological sites ranging from the 2nd to the 18th centuries served as a source of material. Spinal TB was observed in seven individuals (in three specimens with Pott's disease two of which also had cold abscess) and hip TB was assumed in one case. The results of DNA for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were positive in seven of the eight cases identified by paleopathology, and negative in the assumed case of hip TB. However, the molecular results are consistent with highly fragmented DNA, which limited further analysis. Based on the present study and previously published cases, osteotuberculosis was found in Transdanubia mainly during the 9th–13th centuries. However, there are no signs of TB in many other 9th–13th century sites, even in those that lie geographically close to those where osteotuberculous cases were found. This may be due to a true absence of TB caused by the different living conditions, way of life, or origin of these populations. An alternative explanation is that TB was present in some individuals with no typical paleopathology, but that death occurred before skeletal morphological features could develop

Cross-case knowledge transfer in transformative research: enabling learning in and across sustainability-oriented labs through case reporting

The field of transdisciplinary sustainability research has brought forward a number of approaches aimed at fostering sustainability transformations and generating knowledge through collaborative experimentation in real-world settings. These cases are strongly embedded in their local context and thus the transfer of knowledge remains a key challenge. In this paper, we propose a case reporting approach that supports the structured and coherent reporting of such cases. This scheme is aimed at sustainability-oriented labs, where sustainability solutions are collaboratively developed through experimentation. The scheme focuses the reporting on local contexts, lab processes, and experiments. It is accompanied by a logic model and a set of four principles guiding the reporting procedure. The approach is designed to be general, in that it is applicable to diverse contexts and project designs, while its modularity allows the scheme to be adapted to the needs and specifics of each cases. The scheme was jointly developed and tested by a group of seven Urban Living Labs, each in their own unique context. With our approach we aim to contribute to knowledge transfer from and across cases of sustainability-oriented labs as emerging approaches in action-oriented research bridging the divide of case-based research and (meta) comparison

12-Month comorbidity patterns and associated factors in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project

Objective: Comorbidity patterns of 12-month mood, anxiety andalcohol disorders and socio-demographic factors associated withcomorbidity were studied among the general population of sixEuropean countries.Method: Data were derived from the European Study of theEpidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD), a cross-sectionalpsychiatric epidemiological study in a representative sample of adultsaged 18 years or older in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, theNetherlands and Spain. The diagnostic instrument used was theComposite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI). Data arebased on 21 425 completed interviews.Results: In general, high associations were found within the separateanxiety disorders and between mood and anxiety disorders. Lowestcomorbidity associations were found for specific phobia and alcoholabuse—the disorders with the least functional disabilities. Comorbiditypatterns were consistent cross-nationally. Associated factors forcomorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders were female gender, youngerage, lower educational level, higher degree of urbanicity, not living with apartner and unemployment. Only younger people were at greater risk forcomorbidity of alcohol disorder with mood, anxiety disorders or both.Conclusion: High levels of comorbidity are found in the generalpopulation. Comorbidity is more common in specific groups. Toreduce psychiatric burden, early intervention in populations with aprimary disorder is important to prevent comorbidity

Ab initio evaluation of the charge-ordering in α′NaV2O5\alpha^\prime NaV_2O_5

We report {\it ab initio} calculations of the charge ordering in $\alpha^\prime NaV_2O_5$ using large configurations interaction methods on embedded fragments. Our major result is that the $2p_y$ electrons of the bridging oxygen of the rungs present a very strong magnetic character and should thus be explicitly considered in any relevant effective model. The most striking consequence of this result is that the spin and charge ordering differ substantially, as differ the experimental results depending on whether they are sensitive to the spin or charge density.Comment: 4 page

Ferroelectric soft mode of polar ZnTiO3 investigated by Raman spectroscopy at high pressure

We explore the vibrational behavior and stability of ferroelectric ZnTiO3 under high pressure by Raman spectroscopy and second-harmonic-generation (SHG) measurements. Ab initio lattice-dynamics calculations have been employed to solve a controversy concerning the phonon-dispersion relations of ZnTiO3 and to carry out an assignment of the Raman modes. A ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition has been observed both by Raman spectroscopy and SHG at 20.8 GPa. Contrary to LiNbO3, the ferroelectric soft mode of ZnTiO3 has been found to be the A1(2) and not the A1(1) mode. The calculated eigenvectors show that the A1(2) mode of ferroelectric ZnTiO3 is an antiphase vibration of the Ti atom against the oxygen framework, similar to the soft modes observed in ferroelectric perovskites. The SHG signal of ZnTiO3 has been found to be independent of the grain size below the phase transition, indicating that ZnTiO3 is a phase-matchable compound

Orthorhombic versus monoclinic symmetry of the charge-ordered state of NaV2O5

High-resolution X-ray diffraction data show that the low-temperature superstructure of alpha-NaV2O5 has an F-centered orthorhombic 2a x 2b x 4c superlattice. A structure model is proposed, that is characterized by layers with zigzag charge order on all ladders and stacking disorder, such that the averaged structure has space group Fmm2. This model is in accordance with both X-ray scattering and NMR data. Variations in the stacking order and disorder offer an explanation for the recently observed devils staircase of the superlattice period along c.Comment: REVTEX, 4 pages including 2 figures, shortened, submitted to PR